Objective To investigate the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of enuresis in children aged 5-13 years old in Jinshan District, Shanghai, and analyze the relevant pathogenic factors, so as to provide a reference for clinical prevention and treatment of enuresis in children and related psychological diseases. Methods Using the medical history collection table (CMT checklist) of ICCS (International Association for Urinary Control of Children) as a guidance, a random cluster sampling was performed on 1 000 preschool and school-age children from 9 representative schools with a relatively concentrated population in Jinshan District. Results Excluding the missing and invalid questionnaires, a total of 785 cases were included in the study, and the total prevalence of enulists in 5-13 children was 7.77% (61 cases), among which 42 cases were 5-7 years old (68.85%), 12 cases were 8-10 years old (19.67%), and 7 cases were 11-13 years old (11.48%). There were statistically significant differences among the age groups (χ²=52.87，P=0.001)). Among the affected children, 3.31% (26 cases) were in urban areas and 4.46% (35 cases) in rural areas (P<0.05). The prevalence of boys (38 cases) and the prevalence of girls (23 cases) were statistically significant (P<0.05). The characteristics of enuresis, organic diseases, and attention were analyzed in 61 children diagnosed with enuresis. Children with enuresis ≥7 times/week were the highest (33 cases), accounting for 54.10%; children with 3-6times/week (19 cases) accounted for 31.15%; 2 times/week (9 cases) accounted for 14.75%. Physical examination abnormalities (including urinary routine abnormalities: urinary tract infection, hematuria, high urinary calcium or phimosis) were found in 18 cases, accounting for 29.51%. Four patients (6.56%) had a family history of enuresis. Fifty-two (85.25%) of the affected children had psychologically related problems: introverted personality, impulsiveness, inferiority, lack of concentration, medium or inferior academic performance. Conclusion The prevalence of enuresis in 5-13 children was 7.77%. There were significant differences between urban and rural areas, different age groups and genders as well. Most sick children developed organic diseases and some degree of psychological problems. A timely diagnosis and treatment of enuresis in children in combination with psychological guidance and behavioral intervention is necessary for the prevention of the occurrence of enuresis related psychological problems.

[Summary] The high-risk subjects of type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM) in normal glucose tolerance ( NGT) were screened. The subjects with NGT at baseline were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups according to the diagnostic threshold of insulin area under the curve ( AUCINS ) 108. 43 mU/L. The incidence of prediabetes and/or T2DM was significantly increased in high risk group in comparison with low risk group ( 29. 41 vs 2. 21%, P<0. 01). The result suggests that the diagnosis threshold for AUCINS≥108. 43 mU/L can be used to screen the high-risk subjects of T2DM in NGT.

As a remote suburb of Shanghai, Jinshan District has been realizing the "Five Dimensions" health dream of Jinshan people, in the process of implementing Healthy China strategy, Healthy Shanghai actions, constructing Healthy Jinshan, focusing on urban and rural planning, and actively exploring the appropriate development model, by promoting healthy lifestyle, raising the level of health service, perfecting the health guarantee mechanism, creating healthy and harmonious environment, giving priority to development of health industries for "paving the way for the health of the whole people".This article highlights some practices and thoughts in the process of implementing Healthy Shanghai action in Jinshan District.

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of influenza in children in Jinshan District of Shanghai，so as to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of influenza in children. Methods We analyzed the surveillance data as well as the results of virus isolation and identification in children with influenza-like illness （ILI） in Jinshan District of Shanghai from January 2010 to December 2019. Results There were two annual epidemic peaks in 2010， 2016， 2017 and 2018， one annual epidemic peak in winter and spring in 2011 and 2013， and two annual epidemic peaks in 2012， 2014， 2015 and 2019. A total of 3 859 ILI cases were collected in the past 10 years， and 848 positive virus strains were isolated， with a positive rate of 21.97%. Among them， 371 were seasonal H3N2， 163 were new H1N1， 314 were type B（among them， 226 were yamagata and 88 were victoria）. The positive rates of influenza virus in different children groups were 0.88% in scattered children， 6.76% in kindergarten children， and 14.33% in students， respectively （P= 0.001）. Conclusion From January 2010 to December 2019， seasonal H3N2 was the predominant virus strain in children influenza epidemic in Jinshan District of Shanghai. The influenza epidemic shows a strong seasonal feature with double peaks in winter/spring， summer or autumn. The positive rate of influenza virus in middle school students is the highest in different age groups， followed by kindergarten children.

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanism of male reproductive toxicity induced by acrylonitrile (ACN).

METHODSMale Sprague-Dawley rats were daily administrated ACN by intraperitoneal injection 5 times a week for 13 weeks at the dose of 0, 7.5, 15.0 and 30.0 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The rats were sacrificed and testes were removed at the end of 4, 8, 13 or 15 weeks, respectively. The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the levels of glutathione (GSH) and malonaldehyde (MDA) were detected in testes.

RESULTSFollowing ACN treatment of 4 weeks, the levels of GSH in ACN 15.0 mg/kg and 30.0 mg/kg group were (7.44 +/- 0.77) mg/g pro and (6.95 +/- 0.77) mg/g pro respectively, and the activity of GSH-Px was (70.89 +/- 4.01) U/mg pro in 30.0 mg/kg group, all of which were significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). After 8 weeks, the levels of GSH decreased to (2.50 +/- 0.94) mg/g pro in ACN 30.0 mg/kg group (P < 0.01); the activities of SOD increased to (102.08 +/- 16.08) NU/mg pro and (113.30 +/- 17.20) NU/mg pro in ACN 15.0 mg/kg and 30.0 mg/kg group (P < 0.01). After 13 weeks, the levels of GSH declined in ACN 15.0 mg/kg and 30.0 mg/kg group, and the activities of GST decreased in ACN 30.0 mg/kg group, and of GSH-Px decreased in both doses group. However, the level of MDA [(0.68 +/- 0.16) nmol/mg pro] were significantly higher in 30.0 mg/kg group than that in control group [(0.38 +/- 0.12) nmol/mg pro] (P < 0.01). 2 weeks after stopping ACN treatment, the level of GSH restored to normal but the levels of MDA or the activity of GSH-Px in 30.0 mg/kg group were still higher or lower respectively than those of control (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONACN may impair the balance of antioxidant system, thus induce lipid peroxidation damage to rat testes.

Acrylonitrile ; toxicity ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Glutathione Transferase ; metabolism ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Testis ; drug effects ; metabolism

Objective:To analyze and discuss the characteristics of cardiopulmonary and cerebral resuscitation (CPCR) in patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).Methods:The data of OHCA patients admitted to the directly-managed branch of the Wuxi Emergency Medical Center, covering the period from December 26, 2016, at 7:45 to August 26, 2022, at 7:45. The analysis included the first electrocardiogram (ECG), clinical characteristics, pre-hospital emergency measures, and follow-up conditions in the hospital. Based on the Glasgow-Pittsburgh cerebral function grading at discharge, patients were divided into a CPCR group (grades 1-2) and a non-CPCR group (grades 3-5). The study compared the basic conditions, resuscitation times, and vital signs after resuscitation between the two groups to evaluate the factors affecting CPCR.Results:A total of 6 040 OHCA cases were treated, 3 002 cases received pre-hospital resuscitation. The initial ECG indicated a shockable rhythm in 185 cases, with a shockable rhythm rate of 6.16%. There were 293 pre-hospital survivors, with a pre-hospital survival rate of 9.76%. 170 cases survived to be discharged, with a discharge survival rate of 5.66%. Ultimately, 44 cases achieved CPCR, accounting for 25.88% of the cases that survived to discharge. There were statistically significant differences in terms of first-witness treatment, defibrillable rhythm ratio, defibrillation, response to pain stimulation after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), spontaneous breathing, light reflex, pulse oxygenation, and blood pressure between the CPCR and non-CPCR groups (all P<0.05). The CPCR group showed significantly higher proportions than the non-CPCR group in the defibrillatable rhythm (75.00% vs. 10.44%), undergoing defibrillation (70.46% vs. 9.24%), having spontaneous breathing after ROSC (86.36% vs. 17.27%), and having oxygen saturation >92% with systolic blood pressure >90 mmHg (86.36% vs. 39.76%).There were statistically significant differences between the CPCR and non-CPCR groups in the time from cardiac arrest (CA) to doctor reception, CA to first defibrillation, CA to ROSC, and CA to discharge or in-hospital death (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The patients with successful pre-hospital resuscitation and finally cerebral resuscitation were characterized by short times from OHCA to first medical contact (FMC) and from FMC to ROSC, appropriate pre-hospital vital sign management accompanied by partial neurological recovery, and comprehensive in-hospital neurological prognosis assessment.

Objective To analyze the current status of mental symptoms and related influencing factors in patients with schizophrenia, and to provide reference for helping patients achieve better home rehabilitation. Methods Cluster extraction was done of 371 home schizophrenia patients registered in the community, and follow-up surveys were carried out for general demographic data, family status, current status of the disease, and treatment status.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used for each factor in affecting the patient′s mental symptoms. Results All of the 371 patients completed follow-up surveys, and 121 patients with positive psychotic symptoms (positive rate 32.61%).Univariate analysis showed that differences in the economic situation, course of illness(years), risk behavior level, self-knowledge, hospitalization and working status were statistically significant (P < 0.05), while differences in gender, age, education level, marital status, disease course, family history were not.And there was no significant difference in the disability identification, monitoring status, medication compliance, and free medication (P>0.05).Multivariate logistic analysis showed that complete self-knowledge(OR=0.488, 95%CI:0.284-0.838), and participation in work(OR=0.469, 95%CI:0.257-0.857) were protection factors (P < 0.05). Conclusion The service management of patients with schizophrenia at home should be strengthened, regular follow-up and nursing care mechanisms should be improved, and patients with positive mental symptoms should be actively mobilized for hospitalized treatment.Improving the patient′s self-knowledge and helping patients improve their ability to work and work is the key to preventing mental symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.

Objective:To explore the effect of enriched environment on spatial learning and memory of mice after ischemic stroke and the expression of apoptotic regulatory protein Bcl-2 and Bax in hippocampus. Methods:Clean grade adult male C57BL/6 mice (n = 42) were occluded left middle cerebral artery permanently. Three days after operation, the modeling mice were randomly divided into standard group (n = 16) and enriched environment group (n = 16). Other eight mice were as sham group. The sham group and the standard group were fed in standard environment, while the enriched group was fed in enriched environment. They were tested with Morris Water Maze 21 days after intervention, and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein in hippocampus was detected with Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Results:The latency was less in the enriched group than in the standard group (P < 0.05), and the time and swimming distance staying in the target quadrant were more (P < 0.05), as well as the times crossing the target quadrant (P < 0.05). Compared with the standard group, the expression of Bcl-2 increased in the enriched group, while the expression of Bax decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusion:Enriched environment can improve the spatial learning and memory of mice after ischemic stroke, which may be associated with reducing apoptosis in hippocampus.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical efficacy of adjuvant therapy with glucocorticoids in children with lobar pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

METHODSOne hundred and eight children with lobar pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae were randomly divided into routine treatment and hormone treatment groups. Both groups were treated with azithromycin and other symptomatic therapies. In addition to the basic treatment, the hormone treatment group was given dexamethasone 0.25-0.3 mg/(kg·d) by intravenous drip until the body temperature was normal. Then given oral prednisone tablets 0.5-1 mg/(kg·d) (gradually reduced) for a total treatment course of 7-10 days. Before and after treatment pulmonary functions were examined, and serum C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured.

RESULTSThe duration of fever, cough relief time and pulmonary shadow absorption time on chest X-ray were significantly shorter in the hormone treatment group than in the routine treatment group (P<0.05). After treatment, the two groups showed improvements in serum CRP, ESR, IL-2, and IL-6 (P<0.05), but the hormone treatment group showed significantly more improvement (P<0.05). Varying degrees of mixed ventilation dysfunction were seen in the two groups before treatment, and hormone therapy significantly improved pulmonary function, especially promoting the recovery of small airway function.

CONCLUSIONSAdjuvant therapy with glucocorticoids can effectively alleviate clinical symptoms, promote the absorption of pulmonary inflammation, and improve pulmonary function in children with lobar pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Lung ; physiopathology ; Male ; Pneumonia ; drug therapy ; immunology ; physiopathology ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; drug therapy ; immunology ; physiopathology

After the stratification of the normal glucose tolerance, the changes of insulin resistance and βcell function in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus were investigated. A retrospective analysis on data of 275 cases with oral glucose insulin releasing tests. The area under the insulin curve (AUCINS ) 108. 43 mU/ L was taken as the critical value of diagnosis. Normal glucose tolerance subjects were divided into the NGT-a group(AUCINS<108. 43 mU/ L) and the NGT-b group(AUCINS≥108. 43 mU/ L). The plasma glucose, insulin, insulin sensitivity, and β cell function were compared among the 4 groups: NGT-a group (n=96), NGT-b group (n=49), prediabetes group (n=71), and type 2 diabetes mellitus group ( n = 59). Among the fasting insulin, 2 h insulin, AUCINS , early-phase insulin secretion index(△I30 / △G30), the ratio of total insulin area under curve, and total glucose area under curve, disposition index, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, and Matsuda insulin sensitivity index, the relationship as follows: NGT-b group>prediabetes group>NGT-a group>type 2 diabetes mellitus group. The NGT-b group was always the highest, prediabetes group was lower, NGT-a group and type 2 diabetes mellitus group were the lowest, there were significant differences (all P<0. 05). Making the NGT-a group as the basic state, in the NGT-b group, β cell function has begun to appear compensation and insulin resistance, and β cell function compensation reached the peak, the β cell function in the prediabetes group was beginning to compensate for the deficiency, the function of β cell in type 2 diabetes mellitus group decreased further. These findings suggest that the development process of type 2 diabetes mellitus could be the following four stages according to the function of β cell: β cell function normal, β cell functional compensation, β cell function loss of compensation, and finally β cell function failure.