Objective To evaluate the vaccination of live attenuated varicella vaccine ((VarV) in Jinshan District of Shanghai. Methods Descriptive and analytical epidemiological analysis was carried out using the information of VarV immunization of children born between November 1, 2006 and October 31, 2018 (1-12 years) in the Jinshan District Immunization Program Information System. Results There were 82 584 registered children aged 1-12 years in Jinshan District, and the vaccination rate of VarV at the first dose (VarV1) was 90.95%. The vaccination rate of children in this city was higher than that of migrant children, and the annual vaccination rate of children born in different years was between 59.81% and 99.93%. The vaccination rates in northern, central and southern Jinshan District were 89.25%, 93.27% and 91.39%, respectively. Among the 82 584 registered children, the second dose of VarV (VarV2) vaccination rate was 49.01%. The vaccination rate of children in this city was higher than that of migrant children, and the annual vaccination rate of children born in different years was between 25.94% and 77.14%. The vaccination rates in northern, central and southern Jinshan District were 28.72%, 45.88% and 66.30%, respectively. Conclusion The VarV1 vaccination rate of children aged 1-12 in Jinshan District was higher, but the VarV2 vaccination rate was relatively low. It is necessary to further strengthen publicity in key areas to improve the level of VarV2 vaccination.

Objective To establish a method for lysis coagula rapidly within endometriosis cyst to ease aspiration difficulty while ultrasound-guided puncture and aspiration therapy. Methods Urokinase for injection with different concentration was used to lysis the coagula within endometriosis ovarian cyst with thick content. The effect of urokinase on the coagula, the wall of cyst and the aspiration rate of content were investigated. Results The area of coagula in unit area was significantly small in urokinase group compared with that in control group[( 95.6? 17.5)?m2 vs ( 1692.3? 1028.3)?m2,F= 28.86,P= 0.000]. Urokinase can lysis the coagula appending to the wall but did not change the permeability of cyst wall. The aspiration rate was significantly faster in urokinase group than in control group[( 2.79? 2.61)ml/min vs ( 1.42? 0.58)ml/min; t= 2.4572,P= 0.0121]. Conclusions Urokinase can resolve the coagula within endometriosis ovarian cyst and on the cyst wall safely and effectively, making it easy for cyst content aspirating and improving the coagulation effect of ethanol.

To solve the problems of induction of anesthesia in patients with extreme trachea occulusion, femoral-femoral cardiopulmonary bypass (FFCPB) was used in 9 patients with nearly total tracheal obstruction prior to induction of anesthesia. After FFCPB was set up under local anesthesia, general anesthesia and surgery began soon. The results showed the patients were quiet and co-operative 3 to 5 mins following FFCPB with the disappearance of tissue hypoxia syndrome and attenuation of hypertension and taehycardia. During FFCPB PaO_2 increased from 7.6～9.8 to 16～40kPa, PaCO_2 decreased from 7.4～8.2 to 4.5～5.9 kPa, SaO_2 increased from 71.6～79.9 to 98.0～99.9%, urine volume, blood pressure and heart rate were maintained at satisfactory levels. The results indicate that FFCPB prior to induction of anesthesia is a rapid, safe and effective method in rescuing patients with nearly complete obstruction of the main trachea.

Objective To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of uniport video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in treatment of pulmonary bulla.Methods Clinical data of 38 patients with pulmonary bulla treated with uniport video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery were analyzed.Results 30 patients under general anesthesia and double-chamber tracheal intubation anesthesia and 8 patients under general anesthesia and single-chamber tracheal intubation and tracheal plugger anesthesia underwent the resection of their pulmonary bulla through the surgery with uniport video-assisted thoracoscope, and 2 patients therein were simultaneously treated with bilateral resection of pulmonary bulla.36 patients were treated successfully;1 patient was given another exploratory thoracotomy after his unilateral surgery because of progressive hemothorax and substantial pneumothorax;and 1 patient underwent respiratory failure after his unilateral surgery and was improved in respiration 2 days after the help of a respirator.The average time of operations were 52 minutes.It averagely took 3.2 days to remove closed thoracic drainage pipes.The post-operation hospital stays took 6 days.The post-operation follow-up took 7-39 months,without relapse and other compli-cations.No death occurred in this group.Conclusion It is safe and reliable to treat pulmonary bulla by the surgery with uniport video-assisted thoracoscope,which is in line with the concept of minimally invasive surgery and therefore deserves promotion.

Objective: To optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids from Oxytropis falcata bunge.Methods: With the content of total flavonoids as the index,and based on the results of single factor tests, central composite design-response surface methodology was adopted to optimize the extraction technology with the solvent amount, ethanol concentration and extraction time as the factors.Results: The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: extracted twice with 20-fold amount of 66% ethanol, and 84 minute per time.Under the above conditions, the extraction rate of total flavonoids was up to 23.21 mg·g-1.Conclusion: The central composite design-response surface methodology is convenient and highly predictive for the extraction optimization of total flavonoids from oxytropis falcata bunge.

Objective To study the localization of Smad 2 and Smad 4 proteins, which are intracellular signaling molecules of transforming growth factor ? family in adult rat testis. Method Immunohistochemical ABC method with glucose oxidase DAB nickel enhancement technique was used in the present study. Results Smad 2 immunoreactivity was mainly located in the spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubule and Leydig cells in the interstitial tissue. The reactive substance distributes in cytoplasm with negative nuclei. While Smad 4 is mainly expressed in cytoplasm of Leydig cells, and Sertoli cells is weak stained. Conclusion Our findings of Smad 2 expression in spermatogenic cells and Smad 4 expression in Leydig cells provide direct evidence for the molecular mechanism of TGF ? action during spermatogenesis.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of an aggregational gastroenteritis and determine the genotypes of sapovirus， and to provide scientific basis for formulating effective control strategies. Methods:Unified case definition， active case search and descriptive epidemiology were used to analyze the epidemic. Feces or anal swabs of untreated students， teachers， canteen staff as well as canteen environment samples were collected. Norovirus and sapovirus nucleic acid tests were conducted by real-time fluorescent RT-PCR， and sapovirus nucleic acid was amplified by conventional RT-PCR. The gene region of capsid protein was analyzed by MEGA7.0 software and phylogenetic tree was constructed. Results:A total of 12 cases were reported in the epidemic， and the incidence rate was 44.44%. All reported cases， with vomiting symptoms， were found in the same class. The epidemic showed a point-based outbreak. The first case became the source of infection in class， and the epidemic lasted for 8 days. Real-time fluorescent RT-PCR assay confirmed that five children's feces were positive for sapovirus nucleic acid， and the first-episode children's feces were positive for sapovirus and GII norovirus nucleic acid. Sequence alignment result showed that the sapovirus strains belonged to GI.1 type with homologous genes. Conclusion:Based on the clinical manifestations， field epidemiological investigation and laboratory test results， we confirm that the first case of the epidemic in class is caused by GI.1 sapovirus infection. The epidemic is effectively controlled by comprehensive measures such as case isolation and disinfection.