Objective To analyze the epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics and incidence trend of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Jinshan District, Shanghai, and to provide data support for the prevention and control of HFMD． Methods Case information and etiological data of HFMD in Jinshan District from 2018 to 2023 were collected. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the temporal, spatial and population distribution of HFMD cases and their etiological composition and changes. An autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was established to predict the incidence trend of HFMD in 2024. Results From 2018 to 2023, a total of 5,979 cases of HFMD were reported in Jinshan District, with an average annual incidence rate of 123.00/100,000. There were no reports of severe cases or deaths. The incidence of HFMD showed unimodal distribution in 2018 and 2023, bimodal distribution in 2019, and there was no obvious peaks in 2020—2022. The town with the highest average annual incidence rate was Jinshanwei Town, and the town with the lowest average annual incidence rate was Fengjing Town. The male-to-female ratio of the cases was 1.42:1. Most of the cases were under 5 years old, and scattered children were the most common occupation. CVA6 was the predominant pathogen, but EV-A71 was not detected. The optimal fitting prediction model was SARIMAX (2, 0, 0) × (1, 0, 0, 12), and the model predicted a trend of decline after rising first in the incidence of HFMD in Jinshan District in 2024. Conclusion There are obvious temporal, spatial and population differences in HFMD incidence in Jinshan District, and the dominant pathogen of HFMD is CVA6. Prediction data can be used to further strengthen epidemic monitoring, timely detect new variants, and provide the basis for timely adjustment of prevention and control measures of HFMD.

Objective:To analyze the etiology, diagnosis, treatment of cholesteatoma of temporal bone complicated with brain abscess. Methods:A total of 27 patients with cholesteatoma complicated with brain abscess admitted to the Peoples Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2008 to January 2024 were collected, and their clinical characteristics and treatment methods were summarized. Results:Tow patients underwent modify radical mastoidectomy and eliminate abscess by pricking. The other patients underwent ear surgery after neurosurgical treatment of brain abscess. Among them, 19 cases underwent open craniotomy for brain abscess and 5 cases with small abscess were transferred to otorhinolaryngology for radical mastoidectomy after transcranial drainage. Only one patient died, the other patients had a good prognosis without recurrence. Conclusion:OBA is the most serious complication of temporal cholesteatoma with a high mortality rate, and MRI can assist in early diagnosis. Early treatment and multidisciplinary collaboration can improve the cure rate of the disease.
Humans ; Brain Abscess/therapy* ; Temporal Bone ; Cholesteatoma/therapy* ; Male ; Female ; Mastoidectomy ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Craniotomy

Guided by molecular networking, nine novel curvularin derivatives (1-9) and 16 known analogs (10-25) were isolated from the hydrothermal vent sediment fungus Penicillium sp. HL-50. Notably, compounds 5-7 represented a hybrid of curvularin and purine. The structures and absolute configurations of compounds 1-9 were elucidated via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, ¹³C NMR calculation, modified Mosher's method, and chemical derivatization. Investigation of anti-inflammatory activities revealed that compounds 7-9, 11, 12, 14, 15, and 18 exhibited significant suppressive effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.44 to 4.40 μmol·L^-1. Furthermore, these bioactive compounds were found to suppress the expression of inflammation-related proteins, including inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), NLR family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). Additional studies demonstrated that the novel compound 7 possessed potent anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the transcription of inflammation-related genes, downregulating the expression of inflammation-related proteins, and inhibiting the release of inflammatory cytokines, indicating its potential application in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Penicillium/chemistry* ; Mice ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification* ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism* ; Hydrothermal Vents/microbiology* ; Macrophages/immunology* ; Molecular Structure ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/immunology* ; Cyclooxygenase 2/immunology* ; Geologic Sediments/microbiology* ; NF-kappa B/immunology* ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/immunology*

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella epidemic in kindergartens and schools in Jinshan District of Shanghai from 2015 to 2022，and to understand the varicella antibody level in students aged under 30 years old，to provide evidence for developing control and prevention strategies． Methods Data of varicella epidemic situation at schools and kindergartens and varicella cases were analyzed by descriptive methods．Collect serum from healthy individuals under 30 years old to detect IgG antibody levels of varicella zoster virus.Results From 2015 to 2022, a total of 91 cases of chickenpox were reported in kindergartens and schools in Jinshan District, Shanghai, involving 412 cases.The peak incidence occurs from October to December，kindergarten childcare and primary school children were at high risk of varicella .The incidence of fever(χ²=12.93，P＜0.001) and moderate to severe rash(χ²=28.79，P＜0.001) in patients with varicella vaccination was lower than that in patients without varicella vaccination. A total of 227 people were surveyed，the positive rate of varicella antibody was 62. 56%，the geometric mean titer ( GMT) was 2.22±0.68（165.96mIU/ml）．The difference of GMT(F=6.87，P＜0.001) and positive rate (χ²=29.14，P＜0.001)of antibody in different age groups was statistically significant，the positive rate was lowest in the age group of 1-3 years, and gradually increased with the increase of age. Conclusion Autumn and winter in Jinshan District are the seasons with high incidence of chickenpox in kindergartens and primary schools，two doses of chickenpox inoculation can not only reduce clinical symptoms, but also block the transmission of chickenpox epidemic，it is suggested schools and health facilities make chicken pox monitoring work, get the chickenpox vaccine on time.

Objective To analyze the efficacy of posterior medial mini-incision combined with arthroscopic double SMC knot fixation using high-strength suture in the treatment of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures. Methods Sixty patients with PCL avulsion fractures were selected as the study subjects, and randomly divided into anchor fixation group (treated with anchor fixation, n=30) and high-strength suture fixation group (treated with double SMC knot fixation using high-strength suture, n=30). Follow-up data were recorded for both groups. The fracture healing time, operative time, as well as changes in knee function assessed by the Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score and knee range of motion before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results The follow-up period for all 60 patients ranged from 6.5 to 22.5 months, with a mean time of (13.50±7.49) months. No patients were lost during follow-up. Four patients in each group showed a weakly positive drawer test, but no restrictions in knee extension were observed. There were no statistically significant differences in postoperative Lysholm scores, IKDC scores and knee range of motion between the two groups (P>0.05). The fracture healing time and operative time in the high-strength suture fixation group were (11.27±0.87)weeks and (53.73±4.67) minutes, respectively, which were significantly shorter than (12.35±1.03) weeks and (64.06±5.13) minutes in the anchor fixation group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Both posterior medial mini-incision combined with arthroscopic double SMC knot fixation using high-strength suture or anchor fixation are effective in treating PCL avulsion fractures. However, the high-strength suture double SMC knot fixation method exhibits shorter operative time and fracture healing time, as well as lower operative difficulty.

Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is characterized by diffuse alveolar injury primarily caused by an excessive inflammatory response. Regrettably, the lack of effective pharmacotherapy currently available contributes to the high mortality rate in patients with this condition. Xuebijing (XBJ), a traditional Chinese medicine recognized for its potent anti-inflammatory properties, exhibits promise as a potential therapeutic agent for ALI/ARDS. This study aimed to explore the preventive effects of XBJ on ALI and its underlying mechanism. To this end, we established an LPS-induced ALI model and treated ALI mice with XBJ. Our results demonstrated that pre-treatment with XBJ significantly alleviated lung inflammation and increased the survival rate of ALI mice by 37.5%. Moreover, XBJ substantially suppressed the production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the lung tissue. Subsequently, we performed a network pharmacology analysis and identified identified 109 potential target genes of XBJ that were mainly involved in multiple signaling pathways related to programmed cell death and anti-inflammatory responses. Furthermore, we found that XBJ exerted its inhibitory effect on gasdermin-E-mediated pyroptosis of lung cells by suppressing TNF-α production. Therefore, this study not only establishes the preventive efficacy of XBJ in ALI but also reveals its role in protecting alveolar epithelial cells against gasdermin-E-mediated pyroptosis by reducing TNF-α release.
Animals ; Mice ; Alveolar Epithelial Cells ; Pyroptosis ; Gasdermins ; Lipopolysaccharides/adverse effects* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Acute Lung Injury/drug therapy* ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Chang-Kang-Fang (CKF) formula, a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) prescription, has been widely used for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, its potential material basis and underlying mechanism remain elusive. Therefore, this study employed an integrated approach that combined ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) with network pharmacology to systematically characterize the phytochemical components and metabolites of CKF, as well as elucidating its underlying mechanism. Through this comprehensive analysis, a total of 150 components were identified or tentatively characterized within the CKF formula. Notably, six N-acetyldopamine oligomers from CicadaePeriostracum and eight resin glycosides from Cuscutae Semen were characterized in this formula for the first time. Meanwhile, 149 xenobiotics (58 prototypes and 91 metabolites) were detected in plasma, urine, feces, brain, and intestinal contents, and the in vivo metabolic pathways of resin glycosides were elaborated for the first time. Furthermore, network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses revealed that alkaloids, flavonoids, chromones, monoterpenes, N-acetyldopamine dimers, p-hydroxycinnamic acid, and Cus-3/isomer might be responsible for the beneficial effects of CKF in treating IBS, and CASP8, MARK14, PIK3C, PIK3R1, TLR4, and TNF may be its potential targets. These discoveries offer a comprehensive understanding of the potential material basis and clarify the underlying mechanism of the CKF formula in treating IBS, facilitating the broader application of CKF in the field of medicine.
Humans ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome/drug therapy* ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Glycosides ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods*

ObjectiveTo determine the level of anti-measles antibody and its fluctuation trend in children under 8 months old， which may provide evidence for enhancing the measles immunization strategy. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted to collect the serum of the children aged 1‒8 months in a children’s medical center in Shanghai. Serum concentration of anti-measles IgG antibody was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and dynamics of IgG antibody level was compared. ResultsA total of 837 children aged 1‒8 months were tested for anti-measles antibody， and there was no statistical difference in the antibody level between boys and girls （P>0.05）. In the age of 1 month children， the average geometric antibody concentration （GMC） was 529.66 IU‧L^-1， and the antibody positive rate and protection rate were 86.07% and 29.51% respectively. After the age of 3 months， the antibody level dropped sharply in the age of 8 months children， the GMC decreased to 44.46 IU‧L^-1. The positive rate was 12.00%， and the protection rate was 1.00%. The mathematical model of GMC reduction trend in children aged 1‒8 months was Ŷ=-0.144 8X+2.640（R²=0.911 3， P<0.001）. ConclusionThe low level of mother-transmitted protective antibody and its downward trend with age are the important factors leading to the incidence of measles in children aged1‒8 months. It is suggested that intensive immunization should be carried out for women of childbearing age to improve the level of mother-transmitted antibodies in her baby.

Objective To analyze the trend of death level and the probability of premature death caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Jinshan District of Shanghai from 1980 to 2020, and to provide reference for the formulation of prevention and control measures of COPD. Methods The death cases of COPD in Jinshan District from 1980 to 2020 were collected through the death cause registration information system. The crude mortality, standardized mortality, age group mortality, early death probability and annual change percentage in different periods were calculated. Results From 1980 to 2020, the crude mortality of COPD in Jinshan District was 154.38/100 000, and the standardized mortality was 82.66/100,000. In the past 41 years, the standardized mortality of COPD showed a downward trend in males and females (APC=-1.79%, -2.52%, P<0.001). In the same period, the mortality of COPD in subjects aged 30-69 years old and subjects aged 70 years old and above also decreased (APC=-8.79%, -4.79%, P<0.001), and the probability of premature death caused by COPD showed a downward trend in males and females (APC=-9.61%, -10.71%, P<0.001). Conclusion The mortality rate and the probability of premature death of COPD in Jinshan District have decreased in the past 41 years. However, COPD is still one of the major chronic diseases that pose a serious threat to the health of residents in Jinshan District. Comprehensive prevention and treatment measures should be taken to reduce the mortality and the probability of premature death of COPD.