Objective To study the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in cervical car-cinoma and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN),and to elucidate its relation with the genesis, infiltration, metas-tasis and prognosis of cervical carcinoma. Methods EGFR was determined by means of S-P immunohistochemistry in tissue of 100 cases of cervical carcinoma,60 cases of CIN and 40 cases of controls. Results The overexpression rates of EGFR were 0% (0/40), 51.67% (31/60),78.00% (78/100), respectively in normal cervical epithelium, CIN and cervical tumor tissues. The overexpression rate of EGFR was significantly higher in cervical tumor tissue than in control group(P<0.01). The overexpression of EGFR didn't demonstrate significant association with clinical staging, tumor size, pathological type, differentiation, cervical invasion depth, cervical canal invasion, lymphnode me-tastasis or the prognosis of cervical neoplasm (P>0.05). Conclusion Overexpression of EGFR is worsened with the severity of cervical lesion, suggesting that overexpression of EGFR is correlated with the genesis of cervical neo-plasms,which may be a valuable biological indicator of cervical carcinoma,but is not correlated with clinical patho-logical features and prognosis of cervical carcinoma.

Serum folate and vitamin B12 were measured in 171 healthy children under 14 years of age, 30 normal adults and 30 samples of normal cord blood. All the 171 children had been supplied with adequate folic acid and vitamin B12 before measurements. The results -were: 1. The lower limits of normal serum folate values were 6.1 nmol/L under 4 years, 8.4 nmol/L at age of 4-14 years and 5.0 nmol/L in adults. 2. The lower limits of normal serum vitamin B12 values were 459 pmol/L under 1 year and 107 pmol/L at age of 1 year to adults.

Objective:To determine whether chewing gum during the postoperative period facilitates the recovery of bowel function in patients after radical cystectomy with ileum urinary diversion.Methods:In the study,60 patients who underwent radical cystectomy followed by ileum urinary diversions during Nov.2014 and Nov.2015 in Department of Urology of Peking University First Hospital were randomized into three groups:gum chewing group,placebo group treated with the abdomen physical therapy machine and control group treated with ordinary method.Time to flatus,time to bowel movement,incidence of postoperative distension of the abdomen and abdominal pain,and gut related complications (such as ileus,intestinal fistula,and volrulus)of all the patients were recorded and analysed.Results:In gum chewing group,the median time to flatus was 57 hours (49 -72 hours),and the median time to bowel movement was 95 hours (88 -109 hours),which were significantly shortened compared with the other two groups of patients (82 hours,109 hours in placebo group and 81 hours,108 hours in control group, respectively).No significant difference of the median time to flatus and to bowel movement was observed between placebo group and control group.There were no significant differences in the incidence of post-operative distension of the abdomen and abdominal pain,and gut related complications among the three groups.Conclusion:Chewing gum had stimulatory effect on bowel function recovery after cystectomy fol-lowed by ileum urinary diversion.Chewing gum was safe and simple,and could be routinely used for postoperative treatment after cystectomy and ileum urinary diversion.

Objective To advance China's foreign medical work to a new level by comparing medical teams from Japan,the United States,and India,focusing on transforming and upgrading to international development cooperation.Methods Liter-ature and data on the foreign medical teams of the three countries were retrieved and compared in five aspects:institutional mech-anisms,forms of assistance,foreign medical training,traditional medicine assistance,and evaluation of assistance effectiveness.Results Among the three countries,Japan and the United States showed minor differences in their approaches to foreign medical assistance,while India exhibited a distinct pattern.Conclusion China can enhance the international profile of its medical teams,consider both domestic and international interests,and continuously refine the overall strategy for foreign medical aid.Specifically,the country needs to optimize China's contribution to global health by way of strengthening international health ex-changes and cooperation and establishing a 5G smart medical technology platform for remote assistance.

Diabetes and depression are caused by multiple therapeutic factors such as heredity and environment, and the two have high correlation. The patients with diabetes concurrent depression make against diabetes control, increase medical expenditure, as well as decrease patient′s quality of life. Recently, there are so many influencing factors and nursing research about diabetes concurrent depression, and this paper will summarize them as follows.