Objective To compare and analysis clinical characteristics ,Dppler ultrasonography and CT imaging features of War‐thin′s tumor and pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland .Methods Thirty‐eight cases of Warthin′s tumor and 107 cases of pleo‐morphic adenoma of the parotid gland in our hospital were selected and divided into Warthin′s tumor group and pleomorphic adeno‐ma group .Average age ,gender ,position of onset ,mean course of disease ,smoking rates and Doppler ultrasonography and CT ima‐ging features of 2 groups were compared and analyzed .Results Compared with pleomorphic adenoma group ,the average age ,per‐centage of males ,smoking rates were higher in Warthin′s tumor group but the mean course of disease was short ,which showed sig‐nificant difference(P<0 .05) .The site of Warthin′s tumor mostly occurred in lower posterior polar of the parotid gland .Doppler re‐sults indicated more abundant blood supply in Warthin′s tumors group .CT imagine results also indicated higher density in Warthin′s tumors group than in pleomorphic adenomas group .Conclusion According to the group constituent ratio of disease ,average age , gender ,mean course of disease combined with Doppler ultrasonography and CT imaging features ,the tumor could be diagnosed be‐fore surgery ,which could be helpful to make the correct surgical plan .

Most of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) will be controlled after being treated with macrolide antibiotics. But in recent years refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP), including severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, are increased. RMPP often causes many severe complications and sequelae such as necrotizing pneumonia, bronchiolitis obliterans, bronchitis obliterans, atelectasis and bronchiectasis. Two main mechanisms of MPP are proposed: damages to airway directly by mycoplasma pneumonia (MP), and inflammatory reaction caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP). RMPP is also associated with many other factors such as MP genotype and load, macrolide-resistant MP, airway mucus hypersecretion, hypercoagulability, combined infection with bacteria or viruses, and community acquired respiratory distress syndrome toxin (CARDS Tx). The exploration of mechanisms of RMPP helps us acquire effective treatment and prevent sequelae.

Cough ; Exanthema ; Fever ; Humans ; Respiratory Sounds

BACKGROUND:With the rapid development of technology, most interbody fusion cages have been applied in clinic, but some are stil in experimental stage. Al fusion cages hold their own distinct characteristics as wel as advantages and shortcomings. OBJECTIVE:To clarify the development course of interbody fusion cages and analyze their types in detail, thereby paving ways for its improvement. METHODS:A computer-based search for literatures in CNKI and PubMed databases published from January 1989 to March 2016 was performed using the keywords of“interbody fusion cage, PEEK, TMC”in English and Chinese, respectively. A total of 106 articles were retrieved and 38 articles were in accordance with the inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Intervertebral fusion is a major method to treat spinal degenerative diseases. There are a variety of fusion cages in clinic, such as pyramesh, polyetheretherketone and absobable fusion cages. Implants used for fusion cages include autogenous, al ogenic and artificial bones as wel as bone morphogenetic protein. We introduce the development process of fusion cages in detail, emphasize the commonly used fusion cages and analyze its development in future. In the end, we give our opinions about the development of intervertebral fusion cages.

Background phacoemulsification combined with limbal relaxing incision (LRI) is reported to be effective for the management of coexisting cataract astigmatism,but the influence of after phacoemulsification with LRI on corneal high-order aberration is still rarely reported.Objective This study was to evaluate the effect of cataract surgery with LRI for preoperative astigmatism or on corneal high-order aberration.Methods A selfcontrolled serial cases observational study was designed.A total of 35 cataractous eyes of 35 patients with astigmatism ≥ 1.0 D before cataract surgery were enrolled in Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital from August 2014 to April 2015 under the informed consent of patients.LRIs were performed on the eyes during the phacoemulsification and IOL implantation.The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA),BCVA and optometry were recorded before operation and 1 day,1 week,1 month,3 months after operation.Pentacam was employed to measure the maximal and minimal diopters,astigmatism and high-order aberrations within 3 mm of the anterior corneal surface at above-mentioned time points.All the results were compared among different time points.The optometry outcomes and the anterior corneal surface astigmatism change were analyzed using vector analysis method.Results The UCVA was 0.34 ±0.22,0.38 ± 0.25,0.43±0.27,0.42±0.28 in 1 day,1 week,1 month and 3 months after operation,which was significantly higher than 0.08 ±0.09 before operation;and the BCVA was 0.54 ± 0.27,0.64 ± 0.29,0.67 ± 0.29,0.71 ± 0.32 in 1 day,1 week,1 month and 3 months after operation,showing a significant increase in comparison with 0.22±0.51 before operation(F=54.457,P=0.000;F =62.653,P =0.000).The refractive cylindrical error and corneal astigmatism were significantly decreased after operation in comparison with before operation (F =31.061,P =0.000;F =113.043,P=0.000).High order aberrations (HOA) at postoperative 1 day,1 week,1 month,3 months were all higher than those in preoperation (F =11.189,P =0.000) under the 4 mm pupil diameter.Compared with preoperation,the vertical coma,secondary vertical coma and three leaf clover were significantly increased(all at P＜0.05),but the horizontal coma and primary spherical aberration were not significantly changed (all at P＞0.05) under the 6 mm pupil diameter.Conclusions Phacoemulsification combined with LRI can reduce the corneal astigmatism effectively and steadily,and the increase of corneal aberrations does not affect visual acuity.

Background Obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction (OMGD) is due to the meibomian gland duct obstruction and/or meibum abnormal secretion.Meibomian gland morphological change is important to clinical observation.Objective This study aimed to image the meibomian gland structures and the morphological changes in eyes with OMGD using a non-contact infrared meibography system (Keratograph 5M).Methods A case-control study was performed in Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital from January to June in 2015.Sixty OMGD patients and 60 age-matched healthy controls were recruited.Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire was employed for the assess of ocular surface symptoms,and slit-lamp examination was performed for the observation of lid margin and meibomian gland orifices.Meibomian gland secretion scores and Keratograph 5M examination the morphological changes of the meibomian glands.According to OSDI questionnaire,the patients of OMGD were classified into mild group (12.0 ＜ OSDI ≤ 22.0) (23 eyes),moderate group (22.0 ＜ OSDI ≤ 32.0) (21 eyes) and severe group (32.0 ＜ OSDI ≤ 100.0) (16 eyes).Partial or complete loss of the meibomian glands (meibomian dropout) was scored from grade 0 (no loss) through out grade 3 (lost area was ＞2/3 of the total meibomian gland area).Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects before the examination.Results The OSDI,meibomian gland orifices,meibomian gland secretion scores and meibomian gland dropout scores were significantly higher,and BUT was dramatically shorter in the OMGD group than those in the normal group,showing significant differences between the two groups (Z =-9.425,-8.954,-7.781,all at P＜0.05).The BUT was (6.10± 1.91) s and (10.67-±2.11)s,and meibomian gland dropout scores were 1.35±0.90 and 0.88±0.64 in the OMGD group and normal control group,showing significant differences between the two groups (t=3.276,-12.418,both at P＜0.05).OSDI,meibomian gland secretion scores and meibomian gland dropout scores were significantly in three intergroups (H=52.121,13.642,37.180,all at P＜0.05).BUT,meibomian gland orifices were significantly different among the mild,moderate and severe OMGD (F=58.191,8.474,both at P＜0.05).OSDI showed a significantly high positive correlation with meibomian gland orifices,meibomian gland secretion scores and meibomian gland dropout scores (r =0.708,P =0.000;r =0.759,P =0.000;r =0.270,P =0.003).BUT showed negative correlation with meibomian parameters (r=-0.692,P=0.000;r=-0.691,P=0.000;r=-0.192,P=0.036).Conclusions Keratograph 5M provides an effective noninvasive method in assessing the image of the meibomian gland structures and meibomian gland dropout.There are differences in the ocular surface and meibomian glands between the OMGD patients and normal persons.

Objective To establish HPLC fingerprint of Radix Gentianae Crassicaulis.Methods The fingerprints were obtained on an Ultimate XB-C18 column(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m)with the gradient elution solvent system composed of acetonitrile and 0.05% phosphoric acid.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,the column temperature was maintained at 25 ℃,and the detection wavelength was set at 240 nm.Results Ten common peaks were selected as the fingerprint peaks and the fingerprints also were evaluated by the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint with the correlation coefficient of 0.98—1.0.Conclusion This method with good precision and reproducibility is reliable for the quality control of Radix Gentianae Crassicaulis.

Aim To observe the influence of CCK-8 on expression of MMPs/TIMP-1 in TNF-α-induced rat fibroblast-like synovial cell line RSC-364.Methods The secretion levels of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were determined using ELISA;MMP-3 and MMP-9 mRNA expressions were detected by RT-PCR.Results MMP-3 and MMP-9 could not be examined in RSC-364 incubated with CCK-8 and unstimulated RSC-364, which was able to product a little MMP-1, TIMP-1 and express even less MMP-3,-9 mRNA.CCK-8 inhibited the increase in MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9 secretion and MMP-3,-9 mRNA expression in TNF-α-induced RSC-364.TIMP-1 production was also increased in TNF-α-induced RSC-364.CCK-8 had no effect on TIMP-1 production in TNF-α-induced RSC-364, but was able to reduce the ratios of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9 to TIMP-1.Conclusion The inhibitory effect of CCK-8 on MMPs activity may be related to the decrease of MMPs mRNA expression, MMPs secretion and the ratios of MMPs to TIMP-1 in TNF-α-induced RSC-364, which indicates that CCK-8 might be a possible regulator in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective To assess the optical quality after implantation of the intraocular contact lens with and without a central hole for high myopia.Methods A total of 23 patients (41eyes),including 11 patients (21 eyes) implanted with V4 ICL (V4 ICL group) and 12 patients (20 eyes) with V4 c ICL implantation (V4 c ICL group) were enrolled in this research.Six months after operation,slit lamp microscope was used to check the anterior segment,and LogMAR chart was to test uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA).Moreover,automatic refractometer was to measure the spherical equivalent (SE) and astigmatic diopter before and after the operation.OQAS parameters included objective scattering index (OSI),modulation transfer function (MTF),Stryrby (SR),OQAS values (OV100％,OV20％,OV9％) at different contrast level were examined.Results In both groups,the parameters of UCVA (logMAR),BCVA (logMAR),SE and astigmatic diopter at 6 months after operation were significantly improved compared with before operation,with significant difference (all P ＜ 0.05).There was no siguificant difference in the UCVA,BCVA,SE and astigmatic diopter between the two groups before operation and 6 months after operation (all P ＞ 0.05).Moreover,the values of MTFcutoff,SR,and OQAS visual parameters (OV100％,OV20％ and OV9％) at 6 months after operation were significantly higher than those before operation between the two groups,and the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05),while OSI was lower than preoperative data,but there was no significant difference in OSI between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in OQAS visual quality parameters,including OSI,MTFcutoff,SR,and OV100％,OV20％ and OV9％,between the two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion It is safe and effective of the two types of intraocular contact lens implantation for correction of high myopia,and V4 c ICL can achieve the similar visual quality to the traditional V4 ICL.

AIM: To investigate the effect of sulfated cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK -8 ) on TNF -α induced IL - 6 mRNA expression, NF - κB activation in the rat fibroblast - like synovial cell strain RSC - 364 and its possible receptor mechanisms. METHODS: RSC -364 cells were stimulated with TNF - α( 10 μg/L) in the presence or absence of sCCK- 8( 10-8 - 10-6 mol/L) or/and CCK receptor antagonist proglumide(2 mg/L). IL -6 and CCK receptor A/B (CCK- AR/CCK/BR) mRNA expression were assayed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR) at 3 h after stimulation, and nuclear factor - κB (NF - κB) binding activity was analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) at lh after stimulation. At 30 min of stimulation the IκB protein level in cytoplasma was measured by Western blotting. RESULTS: Both CCK - AR and CCK - BR were constitutively expressed on RSC - 364. sCCK - 8, at concentrations from 10-8 mol/L to 10 -6 mol/L, significantly increased IL - 6 mRNA expression, CCK - AR and CCK - BR mRNA expression, NF - κB binding activity and IκB protein degradation. The effects of sCCK - 8 on NF - κB activity and IκB degradation level were attenuated by CCK receptor antagonist proglumide. CONCLUSION: sCCK - 8 upregulats TNF - α- induced IL - 6 mRNA expression by NF - κB pathway through its receptor on rat synoviocytes, suggesting its possible regulatory role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.