Objective To study the material basis of hot-natured herb Euodiae Fructus. Methods Euodiae Fructus extract was separated into the chloroform fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, n-butanol fraction and water fraction. With cold syndrome rat model by reserpine, the study confirmed that n-butanol fraction of Euodiae Fructus has influence on energy metabolism in rats. With the modified magnetic polymer microspheres, Euodiae Fructus n-butanol was divided into alkaloids, phenolic acid, fat soluble and water-soluble components, and the component of Euodiae Fructus influencing energy metabolism of model rats was further confirmed.Results The Euodiae Fructus extracts and alkaloids elevated rats temperature, reduced the Na+-K+-ATP activity, increased SDH activity, the content of ATP in liver tissue, the energy charge (EC) value and body heat production, and improve the level of energy metabolism.Conclusion The alkaloid is the material basis of hot-natured herb Euodiae Fructus.

Objective To analyze the epidemiology,clinical and imageological characteristics,diagnosis,misdiagnosis,treatment and prognosis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) reported in China in recent 20 years,in an attempt to provide important clues for prompt and accurate diagnosis of PAP.Methods Clinical data of PAP from 1988 to 2008 in China were retrospectively analyzed and the clinical data of 126 patients with PAP which were misdiagnozed were summarized.Results There were 19 cases misdiagnozed with pneumonia,24 cases with pulmonary cancer,18 cases with bronchitis,19 cases with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis,15 cases with pulmonary tuberculosis,10 cases with eosinophilic pneumonia,9 cases with sarcoidosis,5 cases with fungus pneumonia.The clinical manifestations of PAP had no specificity and the imageology manifestation was various.Its final diagnosis mainly depended on the examination of brochoalveolar lavage fluid and/or lung biopsy,and pathologic examination.Conclusions The diversity of clinical manifestations of PAP has resulted in higher clinical misdiagnosis rate.WhoLe lung irrigation is the safest and the most effective way to treat PAP.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of anti-ICAm-1/LAF-1 McAb on the cytotoxicity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes from oral squamous cell carcinoma.

METHODSTIL were isolated from fresh tumor tissues in 15 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and cultured in vitro. The expression of ICAM-1/LAF-1 in fresh and activated TIL was examined by FACS. The cytotoxicity of TIL against auto tumor cells and the level of TNF-alpha produced by TIL were compared before and after interrupted with anti-ICAM-1/LAF-1 McAb.

RESULTSThe expression of ICAM-1 and LAF-1 in the activated TIL significantly increased comparing with fresh TIL (P < 0.05). Interrupted by anti-ICAM-1 McAb, the cytotoxicity of TIL against auto tumor cell was not significantly changed. Interrupted by anti-ICAM-1 and anti-LAF-1 McAb, the level of TNF-alpha produced by TIL showed no differences comparing with the control (P < 0.05), but the cytotoxicity of TIL against auto tumor cells significantly decreased (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe effect of anti-LAF-1 McAb may result from steric interference of antigen-nonspecific adhesion process.

Antibodies, Monoclonal ; pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; immunology ; pathology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Female ; Humans ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating ; immunology ; pathology ; Male ; Mouth Neoplasms ; immunology ; pathology

Objective To assess influence factors of imaging quality with 64-slice spiral CT angiography (CTA) of renal artery. Methods A total of 305 hypertension patients underwent CTA of renal artery, and 108 of them were examined with DSA. The imaging quality was classified as Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, and the degree of stenosis wass classified as <50%, 50%-74%, 75%-99% and occlusion. The sensitivity and specificity of CTA of renal artery was analyzed taking DSA as the standard. Results The influence factors of CTA of renal artery included the delayed time set, rotation time, the units dose of contrast medium and the speed of injection, breath-holding, the patients age and vascular calcification. The sensitivity and specificity of CTA of arterial stenosis <50%, 50%-74%, 75%-99%, occlusion was 76.30% and 76.80%, 89.70% and 90.40%, 96.30% and 97.10%, 100% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion The influence factors of CTA of renal artery are the delayed time set, rotation time, the units dose of contrast medium and the speed of injection, breath-holding, the patients age and vascular calcification. CTA of renal artery can meet the clinical requirements in assessing the renal arterial stenosis.

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of MR imaging in follow-up evaluation of patients with hepatocellular carcinomas ( HCC ) treated with radiofrequency ablation ( RFA ) and to compare it with that of multi-slice CT.Methods From December 2009 to September 2011,there were 48 patients (56 HCCs) treated with RFA after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). MR imaging and multi-slice CT were performed for follow-up.Two radiologists independently reviewed these images,detection of residual or recurrent tumor were assessed on a five-point scale and compared with Kappa test and with the method of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.Sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were evaluated.Results The observer agreement rate for MR imaging was higher ( 0.925 ) than for multi-slice CT (0.701,P ＜ 0.05).The area under the ROC curve (AUC)of MR imaging( 0.987 and 0.971 by two radiologists respectively) was significantly higher than that of CT( 0.674 and 0.598 by two radiologists respectively),P ＜0.05. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of detection rate for MRI [100％(22/22),95.5％ (86/90) and 95.5％ ( 107/112),respectively] were significantly different with that for multi-slice CT [40.9％ ( 9/22 ),57.8％ ( 52/90 ) and 60.7％ ( 68/112 ),respectively]. Conclusion Diagnostic accuracy and detection rate of residual or recurrent tumor were found to be superior with MR imaging than with multi-slice CT.

OBJECTIVETo explore the imaging value of digital subtraction technique on head and neck with 64-slice spiral CTA.

METHODS958 patients of head and neck vessels were examined with the direct method, Surestart law, low-dose tes methods, Surestart subtraction method, low-dose test subtraction method by CTA, the former three kinds are non-subtraction method, the latter two kinds are subtraction method, a comparative analysis on the five methods from the image quality, imaging time, imaging values, seek for the CTA method with optimal image quality, the shortest imaging time, the best value.

RESULTSThe image quality with the direct method (2.82 points), Surestart law (3.25 points), low-dose test method (3.33 points), Surestart subtraction method (4.10 points), low-dose test subtraction method (4.18 points), gradually changed well in order, the image quality of subtraction method is better than non-subtraction method; imaging time with direct method (40.26 minutes), Surestart law (35.06 minutes), small dose test method (33.49 minutes), Surestart subtraction method (17.52 minutes), small dose test subtraction method (15.32 minutes), gradually become shorter in order, the imaging time of subtraction method is shorter than the non-subtraction method; Evaluation on the sensitivity of aneurysms and stenosis, subtraction method is more better than the non-subtraction method, the little narrow extent and the smaller aneurysm, the subtraction method is more better than non-subtraction method.

CONCLUSIONThe digital subtraction method is an ideal head and neck imaging method with 64-slice spiral CTA.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Angiography, Digital Subtraction ; Cerebral Angiography ; methods ; Female ; Head ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods ; Young Adult

Objective To study the effect of scalp acupuncture plus facilitation technique on the temporal and spatial parameters of gait in spastic cerebral palsy. Method Thirty eligible patients with spastic cerebral palsy were randomized into a treatment group and a control group based on the inter-group balance in age, palsy type, and the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), 15 cases in each group. The treatment group was intervened by scalp acupuncture, together with the facilitation technique during the retaining of the needles; the control group was also by scalp acupuncture and facilitation techniques but with over 1 h interval between the two methods. The treatment was given once a day, totally for 3 months. The walking, running, and jumping items (E category) of the Gross Motor Function Measure-66 (GMFM-66), temporal and spatial parameters of gait, and vertical ground reaction force during stance were compared before and after the treatment. Result There were no significant inter-group differences in comparing the rates of E category of the GMFM-66 before the treatment (P>0.05), the rates were significantly changed after the treatment in both groups (P<0.05), and there were significant differences in comparing the rates between the two groups after the intervention (P<0.05);after the intervention, the step length, walking speed, and step frequency were increased significantly in both groups (P<0.05), while the double-stance phase was decreased significantly, and swing phase was increased significantly (P<0.05); after the intervention, the step length, walking speed, and step frequency of the treatment group were significantly better than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture plus facilitation technique can mitigate the spasticity in spastic cerebral palsy, improve the gross motor function, especially the function of standing and walking, enhance the activities, and benefit the improvement of the step length, step width, and walk speed.

Objective:To objectively evaluate the therapeutic effect of Chinese cupping therapy.Method:Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to evaluate the concentration change in oxygenated hemoglobin ([HbO 2]), deoxy-hemoglobin ([Hb]) and blood volume ([tHb]) in 13 healthy volunteers during cupping therapy for the infraspinatus muscle. Results:During the cupping therapy and its pre- and post-treatment period, it was observed that [Hb] and [tHb] in the tissue surrounding the cupping site decreased significantly (both P<0.05), and [HbO 2] increased significantly ( P<0.05), which showed an increase in oxygen uptake. After the cupping was removed, the above hemodynamic changes could still continue for a period of time. Conclusions:Cupping therapy has potential positive therapeutic effects in promoting the hemodynamics for facilitating muscular functions. Functional NIRS surgery has great application potential in the field of physical rehabilitation therapy such as cupping.

OBJECTIVE To establish the fingerprint of total saponins from Mussaenda pubescens， and to study the spectrum- effect relationship of its hepatoprotective activity. METHODS Ten batches of total saponins from M. pubescens from different origins were prepared using 75% ethanol as solvent. High-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） and the Similarity Evaluation System for Traditional Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprints （2012 edition） were used to draw the fingerprints of 10 batches of total saponins from M. pubescens. The similarity evaluation and identification of common peaks were conducted. The same HPLC method was adopted to determine the contents of five triterpenoid saponins （mussaendoside H， mussaendoside U， mussaglaoside C， mussaendoside G and mussaendoside O）. The hepatoprotective effect of total saponins from M. pubescens was investigated by establishing carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury model mice， and the spectrum-effect relationship was studied by using grey correlation analysis. RESULTS There were 11 common peaks in 10 batches of total saponins from M. pubescens， 5 of which were identified， i.e. mussaendoside H （peak 3）， mussaendoside U （peak 7）， mussaglaoside C （peak 8）， mussaendoside G （peak 9） and mussaendoside O （peak 11）； the similarities of 10 batches of samples ranged 0.940- 0.991. Average contents of mussaendoside H， mussaendoside U， mussaglaoside C， mussaendoside G， mussaendoside O were 0.01- 0.05， 0.10-0.21， 0.10-0.18， 0.03-0.08， 0.20-0.40 mg/g， respectively. Ten batches of total saponins from M. pubescens could generally reduce the contents of alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） in serum， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6） and IL-1β in liver tissue of model mice （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The E-mail：13878195336@139.com correlation between the common peak areas and the contents of ALT， AST， TNF-α， IL-6 and IL-1β were 0.602-0.757， 0.585-0.833， 0.593-0.795， 0.618-0.820， 0.607-0.804， respectively； the peaks with high correlation were peaks 11， 9 and 8 in order. CONCLUSIONS Ten batches of total saponins from M. pubescens have similar components， and the average contents of mussaendoside H， mussaendoside U， mussaglaoside C， mussaendoside G and mussaendoside O are different. The batches of samples have a certain degree of hepatoprotective effect； mussaendoside O， mussaendoside G and mussaglaoside C may be its main active components.

Objective: To investigate the best amount of TPCK trypsin in Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell suspension for the culture of H7N9 avian influenza virus. Methods: Different concentrations of TPCK trypsin were added during the periods of cell growth and virus production. Their effects on cell growth, viability, glucose and lactate metabolism, and hemagglutination titer were monitored every 12 h. Inter-batch differences were analyzed. The amount of trypsin added in the cell growth phase was 0, 1 μg/ml, 2 μg/ml, 4 μg/ml, 6 μg/ml, 8 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml and 15 μg/ml. The amount of trypsin added during the virus production period was 0, 0.5 μg/ml, 1 μg/ml, 1.5 μg/ml, 2 μg/ml and 2.5 μg/ml. When the hemagglutination titers were same, the adding amount was further optimized at different multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.001, 0.005, 0.025 and 0.05. Results: No significant linear effects of TPCK trypsin concentration on cell number, viability, and glucose and lactate metabolism were observed. No toxicity to cell growth was observed when TPCK trypsin concentration reached 15 μg/ml. After the inoculation of H7N9 avian influenza virus, the hemagglutination titers in the 1 μg/ml, 1.5 μg/ml, 2 μg/ml and 2.5 μg/ml TPCK trypsin groups reached the peaks at 48 h, which were 1∶2^6.5. At 60 h, the hemagglutination titers of the latter two groups decreased faster than those of the former two groups. When the MOI was 0.005, the hemagglutination titer of the 1.5 μg/ml group at 48 h was 2^6.5 higher than 2⁶ in the 1 μg/ml group under the same condition. There were differences between different batches of TPCK trypsin. Conclusions Adding 1 μg/ml and 1.5 μg/ml of trypsin could better promote the proliferation of H7N9 avian influenza virus, and 1.5 μg/ml of trypsin had a wider range of MOI applicability.