Cadaver donation has far-reaching social significance, but currently it cannot satisfy the practical need. Through making stochastic visits to part of dwellers in Chongqing urban districts, to find out the main obstacles to cadaver donation. Then compared to the similar activities like blood donation, we learn about the experiences of such public service activities to get further improvement of cadaver donation.

Objective To investigate the clinic application of venturi oxygen therapy heated humidify system on artificial airway management. Methods 30 cases of experimental group used venturi oxygen therapy for humidification and heating, while 30 cases of control group were treated with continuous wet micro-injection pump method for artificial airway care. Humidifying effects, effects of oxygen therapy, incidence of pulmonary complications were compared between the two groups. Results The humidifying effects on experimental group (26 cases) were better than control group (17 cases) (χ2=6.648,P<0.05). The irritating cough (5 cases), airway mucosa injury (1 case) and the formation of sputum crust (2 cases) in experimental group were less than 13 cases, 6 cases, 6 cases in control group (χ2=5.079, 4.043, 7.954,P<0.05). The times of sputum drainage on experimental group was (17.28 ± 5.51) times which was less than (31.22±5.24) times of control group (t=4.312, P<0.01).The effect on oxygen therapy about oxygen saturation in experimental group was 0.932 2 ±0.020 5 when sputum drainage, and 0.982 2± 0.009 4 two minutes later, which was higher than 0.916 7 ±0.011 2 and 0.957 2 ±0.013 6 of control group (t=3.431,6.276, P<0.01). Conclusions Venturi oxygen therapy heated humidify system can reduce the formation of sputum crust, reduce the times of sputum drainage, reduce hypoxia degree and shorten the duration caused by sputum crust, improve the effect of heat and humidification of patient.

Cell therapy refers to a method that transplants stem cells or differentiated functioning cells into diseased regions to compensate the losing functions of diseased cells or uses the stem cells for treatment of diseases after in vitro genetic manipulation. After more than 30 years of study, great progress in hepatocyte transplantation technique has been acquired. This technique can acquire in situ liver transplantation effects. Hepatocyte transplantation, as an effective method for treatment of fulminant hepatic failure, has been widely confirmed in the animal model experiments and clinical practice. In addition, application of remedial hepatic stem cells can solve the problems regarding the source, number and immune rejection of hepatocytes, and offers a wide prospect for treatment of acute and chronic liver diseases. There are many problems about the study on hepatic stem cells. Up to date, many manuscripts addressing animal hepatic stem cell transplantation have been found, but few of them focus on the case report of treatment of liver disease by hepatocyte transplantation. Therefore, study on hepatic stem cells is still in its initial stage. The study methods should be developed and improved.

Objective To investigate the occurrence situation and related influencing factors of obesity among children aged 6-17 years old in Chengde City.Methods The random sampling method was adopted to extract 16 811 children from 10 primary and middle schools in urban and rural areas of this city.The physical examinations were carried out.The incidence rates of over weight and obesity in different ages,sexes and areas were calculated.The risk factors for childhood obesity were preliminarily screened through questionnaire.And the Logistic regression analysis was conducted for further analyzing the risk factors for childhood obesity.Results Among 16 811 sampled children,the overweight rate was 13.09％ and the obesity rate was 12.1％.The overweight rate and obesity rate in boys were higher than those in girls;which had no statistically significant difference between urban and rural areas(P＞0.05);the incidence rates of overweight and obesity in adolescence were higher than those in preadolescence.The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that parental overweight,like to drink sugary drinks and watching television for long time might be the risk factors for childhood obesity.Conclusion The overweight rate and obesity rate among children aged 6-17 years old in this city are higher.Reasonable diet,correct life style and increasing exercise can partially reduce the incidence of children obesity.

Objective: To explore the antagonistic effect of quercetin on fine particulate matter (PM2.5)-induced embryonic developmental toxicity in vitro.Methods: PM2.5 was collected on glass fiber filters by PM2.5 samplers during the heating period of Dec.2015 to Mar.2016 in an area of Haidian District, Beijing City.The sampled filters were cut into 1 cm×3 cm pieces followed by sonication.The PM2.5 suspension was filtered into a 10 cm glass dish through 8 layers of sterile carbasus and stored at-80 ℃ until freeze drying.Frozen PM2.5 suspension was dried by vacuum freeze-drying.In vitro post-implantation whole embryo culture was used in this study.Pregnant rats with 9.5 gestation days (GD) were killed by cervical dislocation and the uteri were removed into sterile Hank's solution.The embryos with intact yolk sacs and ecto placental cones were induced by PM2.5, and then subjected to intervention of quercetin at the doses of 0.1 μmol/L, 0.5 μmol/L, 1.0 μmol/L and 5.0 μmol/L, respectively.At the end of the 48 h culture period, the cultures were terminated, and all embryos were removed from the culture bottles and placed in prewarmed Hank's solution for evaluation.Morphological evaluation of the embryos was conducted under a stereomicroscope using the morphologic scoring system by Brown and Fabro.The mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was detected by FACSCalibur flow cyto-metry using MitoSOXTM Red staining.Results: An obvious antagonistic effect was achieved through querce-tin at the dose of 1.0 μmol/L, which could result in an increase of visceral yolk sac (VYS) diameter, crown-rump length and head length, somite number, and the differentiation of visceral yolk sac vascular vessels.The scores of allantois, flexion, heart, hind brain, midbrain, forebrain, auditory system, visual system, olfactory system, branchialarch, maxillary process, forelimb bud and hindlimb bud also revealed a significant increase and the relative mitochondrial ROS level of embryonic cells was significantly decreased when compared with PM2.5 group.Although quercetin at the doses of 0.1 μmol/L, 0.5 μmol/L, 5.0 μmol/L also exhibited protective effects against PM2.5-induced embryonic developmental toxicity, the protective effect was weaker when compared with the dose of 1.0 μmol/L.Conclusion: Quercetin at proper dose may be of great benefit for the development of embryos exposed to PM2.5 in the uterus of the rats.Quercetin provides an effective strategy for the prevention of PM2.5-induced embryonic developmental toxicity.Clearance of mitochondrial ROS may be one of its mechanisms.

Palliative and hospice care is an emerging medical care model for the development of modern medicine,and its emergence is not only a sign of social demand and the development of human civilization,but also an important manifestation of the change in the modern medical model.Hospice care is the final stage of palliative care,which is of great significance for the end-of-life treatment of incurable diseases.Palliative and hospice care has become an independent discipline in many countries,and its development has been rapid.However,the develop-ment of hospice and palliative care in China is not satisfactory,and the lack of money and human resources are the main reasons limiting its development.Many scholars have carried out a lot of useful practices in this regard.How to explore a road of hospice and palliative care development suitable for China′s national conditions is an urgent problem to be solved.By reviewing domestic and foreign literature,this paper summarizes the development mode and payment method of palliative and hospice care abroad,identifies the challenges encountered in the practice of hospice care in China,and draws on the development experience of palliative and hospice care in foreign countries.We aimed to identify pain points and difficulties faced in developing palliative and hospice care in China,so as to better serve patients at the end of life,gradually promote the concept of palliative and hospice care,and contribute to the sustainable development of palliative and hospice care in China.

Gut microbiota provide enzymes and additional biochemical metabolic pathways for the host, which together with the host genome and the external environment, influence the body function. The composition of gut microbiota in infant is closely related to health in later life. However, it is influenced by many factors, including delivery mode, feeding pattern, prenatal diet, pregnancy psychology and antepartum antibiotic treatment. Vaginal delivery and breastfeeding is beneficial for shaping gut microbiota, while cesarean section and formula feeding would reduce the amount of gut dominant bacteria. In addition, inappropriate diet during pregnancy, prenatal stress and antepartum antibiotic treatment alters bacterial colonization of the gut in infant.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for the development of advanced liver fibrosis by analyzing the clinical features of patients with in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and advanced liver fibrosis,and to establish a nomogram model for predicting the risk of advanced liver fibrosis.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 406 NAFLD patients who attended The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine from January 2022 to October 2023,and according to whether liver stiffness measurement(LSM)measured by FibroScan was≥11.0 kPa,the patients were divided into advanced liver fibrosis group with 65 patients and non-advanced liver fibrosis group with 341 patients.Related data were collected,including general information,laboratory markers,and medical history.The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups,and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups;the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups.A multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors,and a nomogram model was established based on these factors.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the discriminatory ability of the nomogram model,and the calibration curve was used to evaluate its effectiveness.Results The univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences between the advanced liver fibrosis group and the non-advanced liver fibrosis group in age,controlled attenuation parameter(CAP),total bilirubin,direct bilirubin(DBil),indirect bilirubin,globin,alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase(ALP),gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT),glucose,body mass index(BMI),and history of diabetes(all P<0.05).The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that CAP(odds ratio[OR]=1.015,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.006-1.024,P=0.010),DBil(OR=1.345,95%CI:1.139-1.590,P=0.001),ALP(OR=1.019,95%CI:1.008-1.029,P=0.001),GGT(OR=1.004,95%CI:1.000-1.008,P=0.035)and BMI(OR=1.240,95%CI:1.137-1.353,P=0.001)were independent risk factors for the development of advanced liver fibrosis in NAFLD.A nomogram model was established based on the results of the multivariate Logistic regression analysis.The ROC curve analysis showed that this nomogram model had an area under the ROC curve of 0.841(95%CI:0.791-0.891)in predicting the development of advanced liver fibrosis in the NAFLD population,and the calibration curve showed a good degree of fitting between the observed and predicted values for the development of advanced liver fibrosis.Conclusion Elevated levels of CAP,BMI,DBil,ALP,and GGT are independent risk factors for advanced liver fibrosis in NAFLD.The nomogram model established based on these factors has good predictive performance and a certain value in predicting advanced liver fibrosis.

Objective To explore the effect of home care in hospital on the improvement of the post-discharged quality of life in preterm infants.Methods Seventy-four preterm infants who were hospitalized in NICU of Kunming Children's Hospital from August of 2015 to July of 2016 were included and divided into the control group and the invention group at random. Thirty-seven preterm infants were included into each group. The preterm infants in the control group accepted the conventional treatment and nursing in hospital. Besides the conventional treatment and nursing, the parents of the preterm infants in the intervention group accepted the preterm infant nursing which simulated the home environment when the infants were in hospital. Using the follow-up investigation method, the weight increasing, the rate of re-visiting the doctor of the preterm infants in the two groups were observed when they were discharged.Results One month after discharge the weight increasing of the preterm infants in the intervention group was(0.987±0.231) kg, which was significantly higher compared to the control group(0.760±0.179) kg (t=15.22,P<0.05). One month after discharge the rate of re-visiting the doctor in the intervention group was 1, which was significantly fewer compared to the control group (χ2=8.86,P<0.05).Conclusions Home care in hospital increases the parents' ability of taking care of preterm infants effectively, improves the health level and the development of preterm infants in NICU when they were discharged.

Objective:To analyze the etiology of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) in children and associated factors affecting the disease severity.Methods:A single-center cross-sectional study was conducted. Children aged ≤ 17 years with CSU were prospectively enrolled at the Department of Dermatology, Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from November 2021 to November 2022. Clinical data were collected, serum total IgE and allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) were detected, and basophil activation test (BAT) and autologous serum skin test (ASST) were performed. According to the ASST and BAT results, the children were divided into the chronic autoimmune urticaria (CAU) group (positive for both ASST and BAT), non-CAU group (negative for both ASST and BAT), and partial CAU group (positive for either ASST or BAT). Differences in the etiology and clinical characteristics were analyzed between the CAU group and the non-CAU group. Based on the weekly urticaria activity score (UAS7), the children with CSU were divided into the mild group (UAS7 < 16 points) and moderate to severe group (UAS7 ≥ 16 points). Factors associated with the severity of CSU in children were analyzed using logistic regression. Non-normally distributed quantitative data were expressed as M ( Q1, Q3), and the non-parametric rank sum test (Kruskal-Wallis test) was used to compare quantitative data among multiple groups. Results:This study enrolled a total of 93 children with CSU, including 50 males (53.8%) and 43 females (46.2%), with the age being 5.9 (2.9, 9.2) years, and the disease duration being 4 (2, 8) months; 32 patients (34.4%) were complicated by angioedema, 28 (30.1%) had a family history of chronic urticaria, 49 (52.7%) had a family history of atopic diseases, 14 (15.1%) had a family history of autoimmune diseases, and 26 (28.0%) had at least one atopic comorbidity. Etiologic analysis showed that 32 cases (32/69, 46.4%) were positive for ASST and 28 (28/70, 40.0%) were positive for BAT. Both ASST and BAT were performed in 57 cases, and they were divided into the CAU group (18 cases), non-CAU group (24 cases), and partial CAU group (15 cases) according to the test results. There were no significant differences in the age, disease duration, gender ratio, proportion of patients with atopic comorbidity, or proportion of patients having a family history of atopic diseases among the 3 groups (all P > 0.05), while the proportion of patients with moderate to severe CSU (UAS7 ≥ 16 points) was higher in the CAU group (16/18) than in the non-CAU group (11/24, P < 0.05). Triggering factors were identified in 19 cases (20.4%), including 18 (19.3%) cases of food allergy and 1 case (1.0%) of antibiotic allergy. The serum total IgE level was elevated in 22 cases (22/89, 24.7%), and 40 (40/81, 49.4%) showed elevated levels of at least 1 sIgE. The UAS7 of the children with CSU was 16 (15, 21) points, and there were 31 (33.3%) children with mild CSU and 62 (66.7%) with moderate to severe CSU. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that BAT positivity was associated with disease severity ( OR = 7.566, 95% CI: 2.238 - 25.572, P < 0.05). After adjustment for age and gender, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that BAT positivity was associated with moderate to severe CSU ( OR = 6.725, 95% CI: 1.361 - 33.227, P < 0.05) . Conclusions:Autoimmunity may be the main cause of CSU in children, followed by allergic factors. ASST could be used as a primary screening test for the diagnosis of CAU in children, and BAT may help identify CAU and predict disease severity.