Cell therapy refers to a method that transplants stem cells or differentiated functioning cells into diseased regions to compensate the losing functions of diseased cells or uses the stem cells for treatment of diseases after in vitro genetic manipulation. After more than 30 years of study, great progress in hepatocyte transplantation technique has been acquired. This technique can acquire in situ liver transplantation effects. Hepatocyte transplantation, as an effective method for treatment of fulminant hepatic failure, has been widely confirmed in the animal model experiments and clinical practice. In addition, application of remedial hepatic stem cells can solve the problems regarding the source, number and immune rejection of hepatocytes, and offers a wide prospect for treatment of acute and chronic liver diseases. There are many problems about the study on hepatic stem cells. Up to date, many manuscripts addressing animal hepatic stem cell transplantation have been found, but few of them focus on the case report of treatment of liver disease by hepatocyte transplantation. Therefore, study on hepatic stem cells is still in its initial stage. The study methods should be developed and improved.

Objective To measure the reconstructed cranial CT images,and to clarify the safety range of unilateral nasal transsphenoidal approach for pituitary surgery.Methods 100 normal pituitary cranial CT images were randomly selected,and the three-dimensional reconstruction was performed by using the CT images of perpendicular and parallel to the edge of the two eyes as base line, and the distance and angle in unilateral nasal transsphenoidal approach for pituitary surgery from the sagittal plane in the middle of the nasal meatus and the plane through the tip of the nose and both ends of dorsum sellae were measured,respectively. The angles and distances were compared when grouped the data by gender and age. Results Angle A1 (the angle between the tip of the nose and the tuberculum sellae and saddle back root line in the sagittal plane)in the sagittal plane of the middle nasal meatus was (11.22±1.35)°,95% confidence interval was 8.92°-13.76°degrees;the distance D1(the distance on the line between tuberculum sellae and saddle back root, and the line was formed by the plate contained the angle A1 and sellar floor)was (16.71 ± 2.07)mm,95% confidence interval was 13.11-19.93 mm.Angle A2 (the angle between the tip of the nose and the saddle back ends)which was in the plane through the tip of the nose and both ends of dorsum sellae was (8.91±1.19)°,95% confidence interval was 7.12°-10.72°;the distance D2(the distance on the line between the saddle back ends,and the line was formed by the plate contained the angle A2 and sellar floor)was (14.23±2.09)mm,95% confidence interval was 10.81-17.92 mm. The four parameter data was normally distributed,and there was no significantly statistic difference between different gender and ages (P>0.05).Conclusion The angle of the movement for unilateral nasal transsphenoidal approach for pituitary surgery operation in the sagittal plane in the middle of the nasal meatus should be less than (11.22 ± 1.35)°,and the distance of the movement should be less than (16.71±2.07)mm. The angle of the movement in the plane through the tip of the nose and both ends of dorsum sellae should be less than (8.9 1 ± 1.1 9 )°, and the distance of the movement should be less than (14.23±2.09)mm.

Objective To evaluate the satisfaction and current situation of advanced health assessment course for postgraduates. So that it can provide the evidence for the development of teaching reform. Methods Facilitating the convenient sampling of 69 nursing master′s degree authorized schools in China. And a further survey using self-designed questionnaires was conducted in the teacher who in charge of this course and 73 postgraduates in 17 schools offering Advanced Health Assessment. The data were analyzed using reliability, validity, frequency and percentage. Results There were 45 schools responded effectively, of which only 17 schools set up this course. There were no uniform norms of the teaching materials, hours and credits. 73 postgraduates were satisfied with the teaching methods, training practical abilities, meeting academic development needs, practicality, and commonality of the advanced health assessment course. However, 54.8％ of the students said the course is too difficult to handle. Conclusion All the schools should pay more attention to Advanced Health Assessment Course and improve the professional level of postgraduates.

Background Atrial electrical remodeling(AER)plays an important role in the pathogenesis and maintenance of atrialfibrillation.However,little is known about modulation of vagal activilty to AER.This study aimed to investigate the relationshipbetween vagal moduation and AER. Methods Twenty four adult mongrel dogs under general anesthesia were randomized into 3groups.Sympathetic activity was blocked by administration of metoprolol in 3 groups.The changes in vagal modulation to atria afterAER were observed in 10 dogs without vagal interruption in group A.The effects of vagal intervention on AER were investigated in 8dogs with administration of atropine in group B.The impact of aggressively vagal activity on AER was studied in 6 dogs with bilateralcervical vag sympathetic trunLks stimulation during AER in group C.Bilateral cervicall vagosympathetic trunks were decentralized.Multipolar catheters wereplaced into high right atria(RA),coronary sinus(CS)and rightventricle(RV).AER was induced by 600 bpmpacing through RA catheter for 30 minutes.Attial effective refractory period(ERP)and vulnerability window (VW)of atrial fibrillationwere measured with and without vagal stimulation before and after AER.Results In group A,ERP decreased significantly at baselineand during vagal stimulation after AER compared with that beforeAER(all P＜0.05).In group B,ERP remaind unchanged at baselineand vagal stimulation after AER compared with tbat before AER (all P＞0.05).In group C,ERP shortened significantly at baseline andvagal stimulation after AER compared with that before AER(all P＜0.05).ERP shortening after AER in Groups A and C increasedsignificantly than that in group B (all P＜0.05).Atrial fibrillation could not be induced at baseline(VW close to 0) before and after AERin three groups.VW became widen significantly during vagal stimulation after AER compared with that before AER in Groups A and C(all P＜0.05),while VW remained unchanged in group B (VW close to 0).Conclusions Short-term AER results in the decrease inERP.AER is accompanied by the increases in atrial vagal modulation.The increased vagal activity and vagal stimulation promote AER,thereby increase the susceptibility to atrial fibrillation.The interrupted vagal activity attenuates AER.thereby suppresses the atriaIfibrillation mediated by vagal stimutlation.

Objective:To study the characteristics of tumor microvascular perfusion by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in patients with breast cancer, and to analyze its relationship with pathology.Methods:The clinical data of 180 breast cancer patients admitted to Tangshan People′s Hospital from February 2019 to March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. They were examined by contrast-enhanced ultrasound before surgery, and the specimens were sent for pathological biopsy after surgery. The characteristics of tumor microvascular perfusion under CEUS were observed, and the correlation between the characteristics and pathological classification and grade were analyzed.Results:The results of the CEUS showed that the contrast agentrapid infusion was 47.78%(86/180), slowly filled was 60.00%(108/180), the mass showed hyperenhancement when the contrast agent reached its peak was 42.78%(77/180), the contrast agent slowly withdrew was 42.78% (77/180), and the contrast agent retention in clearance was 65.56% (118/180). Pathological biopsy revealed that among 180 patients, 16 patients (8.89%) were non-invasive carcinoma, 41 patients (22.78%) were invasive lobular carcinoma, 88 patients (48.89%) were invasive ductal carcinoma, 10 patients (5.56%) were mucinous adenocarcinoma, 11 patients (6.11%) were medullary carcinoma, 8 patients (4.44%) were squamous carcinoma, 6 patients (3.33%) were hard carcinoma (3.33%). There was no correlation between tumor microvascular perfusion characteristics and pathological classification under CEUS ( P>0.05). Pathological biopsy showed that 95 patients (52.78%) were grade Ⅰ, 49 patients (27.22%) were gradeⅡand 36 patients (20.00%) were grad Ⅲ. There was a certain correlation between tumor microvascular perfusion characteristics and pathological grade under CEUS ( P<0.05). Conclusions:There is a certain relationship between tumor microvascular perfusion characteristics detected by CEUS and pathological grading in patients with breast cancer. Analysis of the microvascular perfusion characteristics can provide an important basis for pathological grading.

Objective:To compare the differences between Chinese and Korean residential elderly depression status,life satisfaction and relatedfactors in Xiamen China and Daejeon Korea.Methods:A survey was conducted on 201 elder people (≥60 years old) in Xiamen,China and 206 elder ones in Daejeon,Korea.The Geriatric Depression Scale,Life Satisfaction Index-A Scale and self-designed demographic questions were used.Data were analyzed with t-test and multiple stepwise regression analysis.Results:The LSI-A scores were higher in Korean elderly than in Chinese elderly (P ＜0.05).In Chinese elderly,social activities (β =0.37),living status (β =-0.30) and education level (β =0.16) were associated with GDS scores,and social activity (β =-0.36) and living status (β=0.17) were associated with LSI-A scores.In Korea elderly,health status (β =-0.33),social activity (β =0.24)and living status (β =-0.13) were associated with GDS scores,and health status (β =0.32),social activity (β =-0.15) and living status (β =0.16) were associated with LSI-A scores.Conclusion:It indicates that Korea elderly have better life satisfaction than Chinese elderly.

The design principle and application of an adjustable spine prone frame are introduced. Adjustable spine prone frame is used in posterior lumbar surgery, during operation, X-ray can shoot fast and internal fixation implants can fix accurately, the vacant abdominal ensure normal respiratory and circulatory function, and the lumbar curvature can adjust conveniently. It meets the surgical position and care requirements, can prevent the complications effectively.
Equipment Design ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Orthopedic Procedures ; instrumentation ; Prone Position

Objective: To examine the regulatory effect of ginsenoside Rg1 (G-Rg1) on endoplasmic reticulum stress and its effect on hepatocellular apoptosis in carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced acute liver failure (ALF). Methods: Forty healthy, adult male C57/BL mice were randomly divided into normal saline control (NS) group, G-Rg1 blank control (G-Rg1) group, CCl₄ model (CCl₄) group, and G-Rg1 preventive treatment (CCl₄+G-Rg1) group, and an ALF mouse model was established by CCl₄ induction. Blood and liver specimens were collected from all mice upon sacrifice at 12 hours post-intraperitoneal injection. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin (TBil) levels were determined using commercial test kits. The mRNA expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) was measured using real-time PCR. The protein expression of GRP78, CHOP, caspase12, and caspase3 were measured by Western blot. Histological changes in the liver were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the expression of GRP78 and caspase3 was detected by immunohistochemistry. Hepatocyte apoptosis was determined using terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling. Quantitative data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and subsequent pairwise comparisons were performed using the LSD-t method. Results: Serum ALT, AST, and TBil levels in the CCl₄+G-Rg1 group were significantly reduced compared with those in the CCl₄ group (ALT: 691.30 ± 108.06 U/L vs 980.66 ± 110.29 U/L, F = 365.07, P < 0.05; AST: 195.40 ± 15.41 U/L vs 319.44 ± 89.32 U/L, F = 115.64, P < 0.05; TBil: 1.09 ± 0.11 mg/dl vs 1.56 ± 0.12 mg/dl, F = 211.29, P < 0.05). The relative mRNA expression of GRP78 and CHOP was significantly lower in the CCl₄ + G-Rg1 group than in the CCl₄ group (P < 0.05). The relative protein expression of caspase3, GRP78, caspase12, and CHOP was significantly reduced to different extents in the CCl₄+G-Rg1 group compared with those in the CCl4 group (P < 0.05). The CCl₄ + G-Rg1 group showed reduced liver tissue degeneration and necrosis compared with the CCl₄ group. Furthermore, the CCl₄+G-Rg1 group showed significantly fewer brown granules in the liver than the CCl4 group (P < 0.05), indicating that G-Rg1 preventive treatment reduced CCl₄-induced hepatocyte apoptosis. Conclusion G-Rg1 prophylaxis can inhibit inflammation and reduce hepatocyte necrosis and apoptosis during CCl₄-induced ALF. Its mechanism may involve the suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related signaling molecules to alleviate hepatocyte endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis. The results of this study suggest that G-Rg1 may inhibit liver inflammation and hepatocyte apoptosis through multiple targets to protect liver function.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for the development of advanced liver fibrosis by analyzing the clinical features of patients with in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and advanced liver fibrosis,and to establish a nomogram model for predicting the risk of advanced liver fibrosis.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 406 NAFLD patients who attended The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine from January 2022 to October 2023,and according to whether liver stiffness measurement(LSM)measured by FibroScan was≥11.0 kPa,the patients were divided into advanced liver fibrosis group with 65 patients and non-advanced liver fibrosis group with 341 patients.Related data were collected,including general information,laboratory markers,and medical history.The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups,and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups;the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups.A multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors,and a nomogram model was established based on these factors.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the discriminatory ability of the nomogram model,and the calibration curve was used to evaluate its effectiveness.Results The univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences between the advanced liver fibrosis group and the non-advanced liver fibrosis group in age,controlled attenuation parameter(CAP),total bilirubin,direct bilirubin(DBil),indirect bilirubin,globin,alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase(ALP),gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT),glucose,body mass index(BMI),and history of diabetes(all P<0.05).The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that CAP(odds ratio[OR]=1.015,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.006-1.024,P=0.010),DBil(OR=1.345,95%CI:1.139-1.590,P=0.001),ALP(OR=1.019,95%CI:1.008-1.029,P=0.001),GGT(OR=1.004,95%CI:1.000-1.008,P=0.035)and BMI(OR=1.240,95%CI:1.137-1.353,P=0.001)were independent risk factors for the development of advanced liver fibrosis in NAFLD.A nomogram model was established based on the results of the multivariate Logistic regression analysis.The ROC curve analysis showed that this nomogram model had an area under the ROC curve of 0.841(95%CI:0.791-0.891)in predicting the development of advanced liver fibrosis in the NAFLD population,and the calibration curve showed a good degree of fitting between the observed and predicted values for the development of advanced liver fibrosis.Conclusion Elevated levels of CAP,BMI,DBil,ALP,and GGT are independent risk factors for advanced liver fibrosis in NAFLD.The nomogram model established based on these factors has good predictive performance and a certain value in predicting advanced liver fibrosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of propofol and remimazolam on the proliferation of prostate cancer cells and related mechanisms.Methods Human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC3 were selected and cultured to the logarithmic growth phase.Cells were randomly divided into four groups:the control group(group C),the propofol group(group P),the remimazolam group(group R),and the propofol combined with remimazolam group(group PR).Group C was cultured with complete medium,groups P and R were cultured with semi-inhibitory concentrations(IC50)of propofol and remimazolam(IC50 of propofol in DU145 and PC3 cells were 120 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml,IC50 of remimazolam were 500 μmol/L and 400 μmol/L),and DU145 cells in group PR were co-cultured with low concentration propofol 100 μg/ml and remimazolam 400 μmol/L,PC3 cells were co-cultured with low concentrations of propofol 80 μg/ml and remimazolam 300 μmol/L.The absorbance of 0,6,12,24,and 36 hours after incubation of the wells was determined by CCK-8.The number of colonies of 14 days after incubation was calculated by colony for-mation assay.qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of mRNA and protein of c-Myc and cyclin D1.The key target genes of propofol and remimazolam on prostate cancer cells were identified by net-work pharmacological analysis,and the expression of mRNA and protein of the target gene were detected by qPCR and Western blot.Results Compared with group C,the absorbance at 36 hours,the number of colo-nies and the expression of mRNA and protein of c-Myc and cyclin D1 were decreased significantly in groups P,R,and PR of DU145 and PC3 cells(P＜0.05).Compared with group P,in DU145 cells,the absor-bance at 36 hours and the expression of mRNA of cyclin D1 in groups R and PR were significantly reduced,the expression of mRNA of c-Myc in group R was increased significantly,the number of colonies and the ex-pression of protein of c-Myc in group PR were significantly reduced(P＜0.05).In PC3 cells,the expres-sion of mRNA and protein of cyclin D1 in the group R were significantly reduced,the absorbance at 36 hours and the expression of mRNA and protein of c-Myc and cyclin D1 in group PR were significantly re-duced(P＜0.05).Compared with group R,the number of colonies and the expression of mRNA and pro-tein of c-Myc in group PR of DU145 and PC3 cells were significantly reduced(P＜0.05).The results of network pharmacological analysis showed that the common target of propofol,remimazolam and prostate cancer was signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3).Compared with group C,the expres-sion of mRNA and protein of STAT3 were decreased significantly in groups P,R,and PR in DU145 and PC3 cells(P＜0.05).Compared with group P,in DU145 cells,the expression of mRNA and protein of STAT3 were increased significantly in group R,the expression of protein of STAT3 was increased signifi-cantly in group PR(P＜0.05).In PC3 cells,the expression of mRNA of STAT3 was decreased significant-ly in group R(P＜0.05).Compared with group R,the expression of protein of STAT3 was decreased sig-nificantly in group PR in DU145 cells(P＜0.05).Conclusion The proliferation of prostate cancer cells can be inhibited by propofol and remimazolam alone or synergistically and they can also reduce the expres-sion of mRNA and protein of c-Myc and cyclin D1,the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of ex-pression of STAT3 which is the member of the HIF-1α pathway.