砄bjective:To purify and characterize human high molecular eight salivary mucin(MG1).Methods: MG1 was purified by 10%(w/v) cetyltrimethylammonium bromid precipitation, CM Sephadex ion exchange chromatography and sephadax G 200 gel filtration chromatography. The protein content was studied with Folinin Lowrys analysis and characterized by PAGE and SDS PAGE electrophoresis.Results:The data of PAGE showed that the purified glycoprotein was free of contaminating proteins;those SDS PAGE showed that the melocular weight of the glycoprotein was between Mr 500 000 and 1 000 000.Protein quantitative analysis showed that it contained 14.17% of protein.Amino acid analysis revealed that it contained 17 kinds of amino acid;Thr,Ser,Pro and ALa were the dominant amino acid(45.6% of the total).Conclusion: The data indicate the applied technique is reliable for purification MG1 from saliva.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics and future trend of drugs for cardiovascular diseases in our hospital METHODS:By using the 《China pharmaceutical information net》 adopted in the Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,the drug consumption was statistically analysed RESULTS:Sum and daily cost of drug-consumption for cardiovascular diseases assumed an increasing tendency CONCLUSION:The drugs for cardiovascular diseases are complicated in classification and numerous in kind,therefore we should rationally use them

AIM To develop a sensitive, specific and reliable reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method(RP\|HPLC) to determine the total and unbound(free) concentrations in human plasma of amitriptyline and its major metabolite, nortriptyline. METHODS\ The assay involved a simple extraction procedure. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and distilled water(30∶70, V/V ), containing triethylamine(0 5%) and orthophosphoric acid(0 3%), pH 3 1. Separation was achieved on the C18 ODS column and the effluent was measured for UV absorption at 240 nm. RESULTS The calibration curves were linear in the range of 4～400 ?g?L -1 for total concentration, and in the range of 4～64 ?g?L -1 for free concentration for both amitriptyline and nortriptyline. The lowest limits of detection were 4 ?g?L -1 for both compounds. The absolute recovery rates were 102 0%?3 77% for amitriptyline and 99 3%?7 13% for nortriptyline. The precision values(RSD) of intra day and inter day for both amitriptyline and for nortriptyline were determined to be

The aim of the study is to prepare flurbiprofen axetil nanoemulsion-in situ gel system (FBA/NE- ISG) and observe its ocular pharmacokinetics, rheological behavior, TEM images, irritation and cornea retention. Production of nanoemulsion was based on high-speed shear and homogenization process, and then mixed with gellan gum to prepare FBA/NE-ISG. Rheological study showed that FBA/NE-ISG possesses strong gelation capacity and its viscosity and elastic modulus increases by 2 Pa?s and 5 Pa respectively when mixed with artificial tear at the ratio of 40∶7. TEM images suggested no significant changes in particle morphology of the pre and post gelation. Good ocular compatibility of FBA/NE-ISG was testified by the irritation test based on histological examination. In vivo fluorescence imaging system was applied to investigate the characteristics of cornea retention, and the results indicated that the nanoemulsion-in situ gel (NE-ISG) prolonged the cornea retention time significantly since KNE-ISG (0.008 5 min-1) was much lower compared with flurbiprofen sodium eye drops (FB-Na, 0.03% w/v) of which the KEye drops was 0.105 2 min-1, indicated that the cornea retention time of NE-ISG was prolonged significantly. Pharmacokinetics of FBA/NE-ISG in rabbit aqueous humor was studied by cornea puncture, the MRT (12.3 h) and AUC0→12 h (126.8 ?g?min?mL-1) of FBA/NE-ISG was 2.7 and 2.9 times higher than that of the flrubiprofen sodium eye drops respectively, which meant that the ocular bioavailabilitywas improved greatly by the novel preparation. Therefore, FBA/NE-ISG can enhance the ocular bioavailability by prolonging drug corneal retention significantly. What’s more, encapsulated by emulsion droplets prodrug flurbiprofen (FBA) instead of flurbiprofen (FB) can reduce the ocular irritation.

The aim of the study is to prepare flurbiprofen axetil nanoemulsion-in situ gel system (FBA/NE-ISG) and observe its ocular pharmacokinetics, rheological behavior, TEM images, irritation and cornea retention. Production of nanoemulsion was based on high-speed shear and homogenization process, and then mixed with gellan gum to prepare FBA/NE-ISG. Rheological study showed that FBA/NE-ISG possesses strong gelation capacity and its viscosity and elastic modulus increases by 2 Pa*s and 5 Pa respectively when mixed with artificial tear at the ratio of 40 : 7. TEM images suggested no significant changes in particle morphology of the pre and post gelation. Good ocular compatibility of FBA/NE-ISG was testified by the irritation test based on histological examination. In vivo fluorescence imaging system was applied to investigate the characteristics of cornea retention, and the results indicated that the nanoemulsion-in situ gel (NE-ISG) prolonged the cornea retention time significantly since K(NE-ISG) (0.008 5 min(-1) was much lower compared with flurbiprofen sodium eye drops (FB-Na, 0.03% w/v) of which the K(Eye drops) was 0.105 2 min(-1), indicated that the cornea retention time of NE-ISG was prolonged significantly. Pharmacokinetics of FBA/NE-ISG in rabbit aqueous humor was studied by cornea puncture, the MRT (12.3 h) and AUC(0-12h) (126.8 microg x min x mL(-1)) of FBA/NE-ISG was 2.7 and 2.9 times higher than that of the flurbiprofen sodium eye drops respectively, which meant that the ocular bioavailability was improved greatly by the novel preparation. Therefore, FBA/NE-ISG can enhance the ocular bioavailability by prolonging drug corneal retention significantly. What's more, encapsulated by emulsion droplets prodrug flurbiprofen (FBA) instead of flurbiprofen (FB) can reduce the ocular irritation.

Aim: To prepare novel cubosome system for effective ocular drug delivery with dexamethasone(DEX) as model drug, and investigate its pharmacokinetic profile in rabbit aqueous humor. Methods: DEX cubosomes was prepared by the method of high-pressure homogenization, and its particle size was determined by the laser particle sizer, and the microstructure observed by cryo-TEM. In addition, Draize method was used to evaluate the ocular irritation of DEX cubosomes. Finally, aqueous humor microdialysis was utilized to evaluate its pharmacokinetics in rabbits. Results: Average diameter of DEX cubosomes was about 200 nm, and the cubic structure of the particles was evident under the cryo-TEM. It was indicated by Draize scores that this dosage form exhibited excellent ocular tolerance. Results of pharmacokinetic profiles in aqueous humor showed that AUC_(0→240) and c_(max) of the rabbit group administered with DEX cubosomes were significantly higher than those of the control group( DEX sodium phosphate eye drops), with AUC_(0→240) of the formulation Fl( 10% oil content) and F2(20% oil content) is being about 1. 8 and 2. 9 times higher than those of the control group, respectively( P <0. 05). Conclusion: The novel ocular drug delivery system of DEX cubosomes was capable of increasing significantly the drug concentration in aqueous humor, and improving the ocular bioavailability.

Objective To describe the status of nurses′professional identity and the self-concept and to explore the relationship between nurses′professional identity and the self-concept. This will be the base for intervening nurses′professional identity. Methods A convenience sample of 250 nurses from one major hospital in Beijing was recruited. The Macleod Clark Professional Identity Scale and the Professional Self-Concept Instrument were introduced. A standard translation procedure was carried out. Results A total of 250 questionnaires were sent out, 241 questionnaires were withdrawed with an effective rate of 96.4%. The mean score of nurses′professional identity was 42.54±8.70, which was at moderate level. The mean score of nurses′professional self-concept was 86.28 ±22.86, also at moderate level, among which,knowledgescores highest (25.91±6.00), leadership scored 20.84±8.02, inter-personal relationship scored (20.28±4.18), caring scored the lowest (19.25±4.67). There was significant difference among the professional identity in the different departments (P<0.05) , while the same results were not seen in professional self-concept. Nurses′professional identity was positively correlated with professional self-concept′s four dimensions (P<0.05). Conclusions The nurse managers should pay attention to the cultivation of professional self-concept in the training of nurses in order to improve the professional identity of nurses and the whole nurses′development.

AIM　To develop a sensitive, specific and reliable reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method(RP-HPLC) to determine the total and unbound(free) concentrations in human plasma of amitriptyline and its major metabolite, nortriptyline. METHODS The assay involved a simple extraction procedure. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and distilled water(30∶70, V/V), containing triethylamine(0.5%) and orthophosphoric acid(0.3%), pH 3.1. Separation was achieved on the C18 ODS column and the effluent was measured for UV absorption at 240 nm. RESULTS　The calibration curves were linear in the range of 4～400 μg*L-1 for total concentration, and in the range of 4～64 μg*L-1 for free concentration for both amitriptyline and nortriptyline. The lowest limits of detection were 4 μg*L-1 for both compounds. The absolute recovery rates were 102.0%±3.77% for amitriptyline and 99.3%±7.13% for nortriptyline. The precision values(RSD) of intra-day and inter-day for both amitriptyline and for nortriptyline were determined to be <5%, and <8%, respectively. The method was applied to determine the total and free concentrations in plasma of the healthy volunteers after a single oral dose of 50 mg amitriptyline. CONCLUSION　The assay was simple, repid, highly selective and sensitive. It is suitable for the routine analysis of total and free drug concentrations in plasma using readily available instruments with lower cost.

Objective: To study the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia (VT) in heart failure (HF) patients after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT-D) and identify the influencing factors for VT occurrence, to explore the impact of CRT-D shocks on mortality and the management of appropriate shocks. Methods: A total of 42 patients with successfully implanted CRT-D in our hospital from 2009-01 to 2015-04 were studied. There were 2 groups of patients: Ischemic cardiomyopathy group,n=12 including 8 patients for primary prevention and 4 for secondary prevention; Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy group,n=30 including 19 patients for primary prevention and 11 for secondary prevention. The patients with appropriate shocks received four step-wise therapy as drug, equipment parameter adjustments, revascularization and radiofrequency ablation (RA). Results: The patients in Ischemic cardiomyopathy group were followed-up for (38.1±24.0) months, 7 patients suffered from post-operative VT, 5 patients had CRT-D appropriate shocks. The patients in Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy group were followed-up for (27.5±17.8) months, 11 patients suffered from post-operative VT, 10 patients had CRT-D appropriate shocks. The occurrence rates of post-operative VT and CRT-D appropriate shocks were similar between 2 groups,P>0.05; the success rate for ATP treating VT was higher in Ischemic cardiomyopathy group (69% vs 55%),P<0.05. Cox regression analysis indicated that CRT-D as secondary prevention was the independent influencing factor for VT occurrence,P=0.001. During follow-up period, 9 patients with shocks died; the mortality in patients with shocks was higher than those without shocks (43% vs 0%),P<0.05. With four step-wise therapy, 80% patients in Ischemic cardiomyopathy group had no more shocks; with three step-wise therapy as drug, equipment parameter adjustments and RA, 90% patients in Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy group had no more shocks, 10% patients had reduced shocks. Conclusion: CRT-D as secondary prevention was the independent impact factor for post-operative VT occurrence, no matter appropriate or inappropriate shocks would elevate the risk of death in HF patients. Step-wise therapy was important to reduce appropriate shocks.

Objective To investigate the application value of extracorporeal extended field radiotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer. Methods A total of one hundred and twenty patients with stage IIB?IVA cervical cancer in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from June 2012 to June 2014 were randomly divided into two groups:the control group and the observation group,each with 60 cases. The routine concurrent chemoradiotherapy was adopted in the control group. The observation group was treated with extracorporeal extended field radiotherapy combined with concurrent chemotherapy. The patients have been followed up for three years. The total efficacy rate,toxicity reaction,local progression free survival time ( PFS) and survival rate of the two groups were compared. Results The total efficacy rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( 88. 3%( 53/60 ) vs. 73. 3%( 44/60 ) , χ2 = 4. 357, P=0. 037),while the incidences of toxicity reaction in the two groups were 18. 3%(11/60) and 16. 7%(10/60), the difference was not statistically significant (χ2=0. 058,P=0. 810) ,the percentages of I and II degree in the two groups were 3. 4%( 2/60 ) and 3. 4%( 2/60 ) , the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (Z=0. 000,P=1. 000). The PFS value in the observation group was significantly longer than that of the control group ( 25. 6 months vs. 13. 8 months,χ2 = 25. 624, P= 0. 000 ) , and the survival rate in the observation group improved significantly ( 53. 3%( 32/60 ) vs. 33. 3%( 20/60 ) , the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 4. 887, P= 0. 027 ) . Conclusion Extracorporeal extended field radiotherapy is safe and effective in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer.