Objective: To compare the volatile compounds extracted from Rhodiola renulata respectively by HS-SPME and SD. Methods:The volatile constituents from Rhodiola crenulata were extracted respectively by HS-SPME and SD, and then the contents and the names were confirmed by GC-MS. Results:Totally 39 compounds were identified from Rhodiola crenulata by HS-SPME while 16 ones were identified by SD. Among them, 4 common compounds were detected. Conclusion: There are some differences between the two methods. Compared with SD, HS-SPME is obviously better because more volatile constituents can be extracted from the herb, furthermore, HS-SPME has notable advantages of higher retrieval matching and sensitivity.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the volatile components in Descurainia sophia and Lepidium apetalum and compare its dif-ferences. METHODS:HS-SPME was conducted for extracting volatile components in D. sophia and L. apetalum,GC-MS was used for detecting components,and area normalization method was adopted for calculating relative content of each component. RE-SULTS:The volatile components in D. sophia and L. apetalum were 25 and 18,accounting for 75.76% and 64.29% of total vola-tile components,respectively,and chemical components with the highest contents were β-caryophyllene and O-tolunitrile. CON-CLUSIONS:The method is simple,reliable,and can be used for the analysis of volatile components in D. sophia and L. apetalum. The volatile components show great differences in the kinds and contents,the study can provide basis for rapid identification of D. sophia and L. apetalum.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for analyzing the volatile components in Cuscuta chinensis,and compare the difference of the volatile components in C. chinensis. METHODS:HS-SPME-GC-MS was adopted:sampling amount was 1.0 g, extracting fibers was 65 μm PDMS/DVB,equilibrium temperature was 120 ℃,equilibrium time was 15 min,extraction time was 30 min,resolution time was 3 min;GC conditions:the column was HP-5MS quartz capillary column,programmed temperature, inlet temperature was 230 ℃,carrier gas was high purity helium,the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min,splitless injection;MS condi-tions:ion source was electron ionization,temperature was 230 ℃,quadrupole temperature was 150 ℃,electron energy was 70 eV,photomultiplier tube voltage was 1.2 kV,the interface temperature was 280 ℃,and scanning range was m/z 35-550. Com-bined with the qualitative analysis for volatile components of C. chinensis from different habitats by HP ChemStation,the relative content was calculated by peak area normalization,and the data was analyzed by principal component analysis and cluster analysis. RESULTS:Totally 52 components were identified,9 of which were the common components in C. chinensis,namely leaf alcohol, 1-octene-3-ol,3-octanol,malt alcohol,diethyl phthalate,caryophyllene,nonaldehyde,octanol and palmitic acid. sample 1,2,3 were clustered into a group,then clustered with 4,5,6 into a group,sample 7,8,9 was clustered into a group,then clustered with 10,11,12 into a group,and sample 13,14,15 clustered into a group individually. CONCLUSIONS:The method is stable and reliable,and suitable for the rapid analysis of volatile components in C. chinensis;and differences of volatile components in C. chinensis from diflerent habitats are discernible.

Objective:To analyze and compare the volatile components in vinegar-processed schisandrae sphenantherae fructus and vinegar-processed schisandrae chinesis fructus.Methods:The volatile components in vinegar-processed schisandrae sphenantherae fruc-tus and vinegar-processed schisandrae chinesis fructus were extracted by headspace solid phase-microextraction (HS-SPME) and quali-tatively analyzed by GC-MS.Results:Totally 20 kinds of constituents were identified from vinegar-processed schisandra sphenanthera fructus, which accounted for 99.55%of the total volatile components , and totally 21 kinds of constituents were identified from vinegar-processed schisandra sphenanthera fructus, which accounted for 99.90% of the total volatile components .Conclusion: The type and content of volatile components in vinegar-processed schisandrae sphenantherae fructus and vinegar-processed schisandrae chinesis fructus are quite different , and the study can provide scientific basis for the two traditional Chinese medicinal materials .

Objective:To investigate the antioxidant activity of the total flavonoids of Cinnamomum septentrionale Hand.-Mzt. Methods:A ferricyanide reduction method was used to study the reduction ability. The scavenging activity of the total flavonoids on DPPH· free radical( DPPH·),hydroxyl radicals( ·OH)and superoxide anion free radical( O2-·)was investigated as well. Re-sults:Cinnamomum septentrionale Hand.-Mzt. had good reduction and scavenging activity on the free radicals in a concentration-de-pendant manner. When the concentration of total flavonoids of Cinnamomum septentrionale Hand.-Mzt reached 0. 15 mg·ml-1 ,86%of DPPH free radical( DPPH·),68% of hydroxyl radicals( ·OH)and 59% of ultra oxygen anion free radical( O2-·)were scav-enged. Conclusion:Cinnamomum septentrionale Hand.-Mzt. has good antioxidant activity,and as a natural antioxidant,it is worthy of further research and development.

Objective: To study the feasibility of evaluating the adequacy of hemodialysis using neural calculating method. Methods: The adequacy of hemodialysis patients were evaluated using Daugirdas, TACurea and neural calculating method respectively, the results of the 3 method; were compared with the clinical assessment of the patients. Results: The coincidence rate among the 3 methods was 84.6%, coincidence rate between neural calculating method and the clinical outcome of the patients was 92.3%, which was significantly higher than that of Daugirdas method (76.9%) and of TACurea (80.8%). Conclusion: Neural calculating method has higher accuracy in assessing the adequacy of hemodialysis patients and is clinically practical.

Objective:To optimize the forming process of Luomai granules. Methods: With the qualified granule yield and the moisture absorption as the indicators, the excipients were screened, and through the study of granulation effect, the proportion of excip-ients was optimized. With the normalized value of qualified granule yield, solubility, hygroscopicity and sensory evaluation as the eval-uation indices, and excipients times, ethanol concentration and amount of citric acid as the main influencing factors with five levels for each, the forming process of Luomai granules was optimized by central combination design-response surface methodology. Results:The option formula for Luomai granules was the follows:the excipients amount was 5-fold of the extract, 85% ethanol was used as the wet-ting agent, and citric acid content was 0. 3%. Conclusion:Optimized by the central combination design-response surface method, Lu-omai granules has such advantages as high qualified yield, low hygroscopicity, good solubility, soft taste and appropriate dosage, sug-gesting the optimized preparation process of Luomai granules is reasonable and feasible.

Objective To observe clinical application value of percutaneous interventional techniques for the treatment of complications of AIDS.Methods Twenty-one AIDS patients with complications were enrolled.CT guided percutaneous needle biopsy and drainage were conducted,and the correct rate of diagnosis,clinical curative effect and complications post-interventional therapy were observed.Results The operations of all patients executed successfully.Fourteen patients underwent 16 times biopsy,11 were correctly diagnosed,the diagnostic accordance rate was 81.25%.Drainage was performed in 6 patients with abscess or cystis,then the lesions completely disappeared in 3,deflated in 2,while the rest one needed continously draining.Partial splenic embolization (50%) was performed in 1 patient,and after operation platelet content increased,while hepatic function decreased temporality.No complicated infection and other severe complications occurred.Conclusion Percutaneous interventional techniques for the treatment of complications of AIDS are safe and feasible.Medical staffs should be careful to exposition of HIV infection.

Objective:To analyze the volatile components in compound Shenqiyizhi powder. Methods: The technique of head-space solid phase micro extraction( HS-SPME) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ( GC-MS) was applied to study the vola-tile components in the compound powder. The compound essential oil was analyzed by steam distillation( SD) with GC-MS. Results:A total of 117 kinds of volatile components were detected, and among them, 70 kinds of chemical compositions were identified from the compound powder, accounting for 94. 46% of the total volatile components. The component with the highest content wasβ-himachalene followed by ylangene (15. 56%) and β-asarone (7. 36%). Totally 66 kinds of volatile components were detected from the compound essential oil by SD-GC-MS, and among them, 43 kinds were identified, accounting for 77. 41% of the total volatile components. The results indicated that the main volatile components were β-asarone (16. 73%), eugenol methyl ether (6. 74%) and ylangene (5. 81%). Conclusion:The main volatile components in Shenqiyizhi powders areβ-cedrene, ylangene,β-asarone,α-asarone and el-emicin etc. The research can provide scientific basis for the analysis of volatile components.

To determine the content of dendrobine in Dendrobium nobile from different harvest times and plant parts, to research the inherent rule about it. GC with internal standard was used to determine. The content of dendrobine had significant differences in different periods and parts. The dendrobine content is higher in four-year root than in three-year root. The dendrobine content in the upper segment of stem is the highest, secondly is in the middle seg-ment, and in the low segment is the lowest. This offered evidence to determine the most appropriate harvest time and fair use of different parts for D.nobil.