ObjectiveTo study the effects of intermittent subglottic secretion drainage(SSD)with an endotracheal tube on incidience of ventilator- associated pneumonia(VAP). MethodsWe searched computerized databases,including Cochrane library,Pubmed,EMbase,CBM,CNKI,Wanfang and some relevant databases from initializing to March 2012,extracting data about subglottic secretion drainage(SSD)with an endotracheal tube on incidence of VAP using RCT.The data had Meta- analysis by software RevMan5,and to those data which could not be conversed or merged,they underwent descriptive analysis. ResultsWeidentifled 5 randomized clinical trials that met the inclusion criteria with a total of 683 randomized patients.In Meta- analysis,the overall risk ratio for ventilator- associated pneumonia was decreased significantly by intermittent subglottic secretion drainage with an endotracheal tube.There was no significant difference on adverse events or on hospital or intensive care unit mortality.Databases,including ICU and hospital LOS,duration of endotracheal catheterization,bacteria concentration,which were difficult to be conversed and obtained full data,they underwent a descriptive research. ConclusionsCompared with the common endotracheal tubes,the use of endotracheal tubes with subglottic secretion drainage is effective for prevention of ventilatorassociated pneumonia.But it has no effect on adverse events or on hospital or intensive care unit mortality.So large sample RCTs with multiply- center should be carried out to assess the effect of the use of SSD.

The lack of organs has been an crucial limiting factor for Chinese organ transplantation,thus it is in urgent need to effectively increase the number of donor organs.This article holds that,besides through publicity and education to promote unpaid voluntary organ donation,some incentive mechanisms are also required to serve as useful complements.Therefore,organs' origin can be expanded to a certain extent,and the intense supply and demand in organ transplantation can also be eased.Unifying organ transplantation practice in China,this paper explains the necessity of organ donation incentive mechanisms from both theoretical and practical significances,reveals the main elements of the incentive mechanisms,and explores the realization means.

Objective To apply the real-time quantitative PCR assay with the TaqMan Probe to DNA analysis in Forensic science . Methods Using the TaqMan method to quantitate DNA abstracted from variety of biological samples common in Forensic science . Results The quantity of sample DNA can be obtained. Inhibiting factors in the abstracted DNA might be evaluated. And subsequent procedures of STR testing were then directed. Conclusion Real-time quantitative PCR is a necessary technique for DNA analysis in Forensic science.

Perfluorooctanesulfonate(PFOS),a new kind of persistent pollutants,is one of the key research in 21 century.This paper collected PFOS data in water and human body from several countries and areas,analyzed the relationship between PFOS concentration in human body and the influencing factors,such as regional distribution,gender and age and the change of influencing factors was discussed in detail.

Objective To explore the effect of ultra-early hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) on bone calcium, biomechanical properties and bone collagen of femur in rats with complete spinal cord transaction. Methods A total of 75 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided in-to sham group (n=15), model group (n=20) and HBO group (n=40). HBO group was divided into three hours group (HBO1 group, n=20) and twelve hours group (HBO2 group, n=20). All groups underwent laminectomy at T10, while the model group, HBO1 group and HBO2 group underwent complete spinal cord transection at the same level. Three hours and twelve hours after surgery, HBO1 group and HBO2 group received HBO, respectively, for three courses with ten days in a course. After treatment, the femoral biomechanical properties, bone calcium and hydroxyproline (Hyp) were determined. The morphology of bone trabecula and the bone collagen was observed with HE stain-ing and Masson triad color staining, respectively. Results After treatment, compared with the sham group, the femoral biomechanical proper-ties, the content of bone calcium and Hyp decreased in the model group (P<0.05);compared with the model group and HBO2 group, they in-creased in HBO1 group (P<0.05). The number of bone trabecula and the bone collagen decreased, and derangement and sparseness were ob-served in the model group;however, the changes were substantially mild in HBO1 group. Conclusion Ultra-early HBO could increase the content of bone calcium and Hyp of femur, improve the morphology of the femur bone collagen, and improve the femoral biomechanical properties in rats with complete spinal cord transection.

Objective To explore the clinical-pathological characteristics, treatment and prognosis of eosinophilic gastro-enteritis in children. Methods The data of clinical manifestation, laboratory examination, endoscopy, biopsy, management and prognosis from 2 pediatric patients with eosinophilic gastroenteritis were retrospectively analyzed. Related articles were reviewed. Results The age of two patients was 13 and 14 years old. Case 1 was male and had an onset with acute pancreatitis. Case 2 was female with a history of food allergy and had an onset with unexplained ascites. Both patients presented with signiifcantly increased peripheral eosinophil count (45.9%-64.8%) and serum IgE (246-393 IU/ml). Bone marrow cytology showed increased proportion of eosinophils in both patients. Gastroscopy was performed in case 1 while gastroscopy and colonoscopy endoscopy were performed in Case 2 and the results indicated eosinophilic inifltration in duodenum. Duodenal mucosa biopsy showed eosinophilic inifltration in case 1 while gastrointestinal pathology biopsy showed multiple mucosal eosinophil inifltration in case 2. After the therapy of food avoidance, steroid and anti-allergic drugs, both patients had complete remission 1 week later. Meanwhile the peripheral eosinophil count was decreased to normal. Case 1 was followed up for 24 months, and case 2 was followed up for 2 months. Both patients showed no evidence of relapse. Conclusions The clinical manifestation and endoscopic examination of eosinophilic gastroenteritis in children are protean and lack of speciifcity. Unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms accompanied with eosinophilia may suggest the possibility of eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Eosinophilic inifltration in ascites and gastrointestinal mucosa strongly indicate the di-agnosis of eosinophilic gastroenteritis. After exclusion of other possible diseases, the deifnite diagnosis can be made.

Objective: To explore the influence of mild extrapyramidal signs(EPS) on the ability of daily living(ADL) of aged people and the countermeasures in nursing.Methods: We recruited 131 aged people without overt neurologoical diseases,rated their EPS and ADL according to an abbreviated version of the motor portion of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS) and assessed the influence of EPS on ADL by logistic regression analysis.Results: Those with EPS were significantly more advanced in years(P

AIM　To discuss the intraspecific relationship in Magnolia officinalis and the genuineness of Cortex Magnoliae officinalis, and to find some DNA characters of certified “Houpo”. METHODS　Thirty-three samples from eleven locations, which can represent most of the distribution of M.officinalis, were selected. The total DNA was extracted. Severty-four random primers were tried to get good amplification. RESULTS One hundred and sixteen bands amplified from seventeen primers, were clustered by NTSYS-pc software. Three branches were obtained. Some distinctive primers and bands, which represent certified species or fine breed, were obtained also. CONCLUSION　1) M.officinalis should be divided into three geographic clans instead of two subspecies or varieties, they are, a) typical officinalis, b) typical biloba and c) Middle type. This conclusion agrees with the leaf form and other characters. 2) The genetic difference between “Chuanpo” and “Wenpo” is evident and the difference is in correspondence with the quantities of their chemical constituents. So, the genetic difference is the main reason of the genuineness of Cortex Magnoliae officinalis. 3) These results may be used to establish DNA database for identification of Cortex Magnoliae officinalis.

Objective To explore the application value and clinical efficacy of one half layer pancreaticojejunostomy with the posterior wall of pancreas reinforced in pancreaticoduodenectomy.Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinical data of 17 patients with pancreatic neoplasms and ampullar neoplasms who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from May to September 2015 were collected.One half layer pancreaticojejunostomy with the posterior wall of pancreas reinforced method was applied to the digestive tract reconstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy in the 17 patients.Observation indicators included:(1)surgical situations:surgical procedures,operation time,time of pancreaticojejunostomy,volume of intraoperative blood loss,tumor sizes,(2) postoperative situations:recovery time of gastrointestinal function,postoperative complications,duration of postoperative hospital stay,(3) postoperative pathological examinations,(4) follow-up.Patients were followed up by outpatient examinations including color Doppler ultrasound or abdominal computed tomography (CT) and telephone interview detecting abdominal pain or distention and general situations (diet,sleep) up to October 2015.Measurement data were represented as average (range).Results (1) Surgical situations:all the 17 patients underwent successful operations without perioperative death,including 16 undergoing radical pancreaticoduodenectomy and 1 undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy and left liver resection.The average operation time,average pancreaticojejunostomy time,average volume of intraoperative blood loss and average tumor size were 276 minutes (range,230-440 minutes),12 minutes (range,9-16 minutes),310 mL (range,200-950 mL) and 3.25 cm2(range,1.92-5.60 cm2),respectively.(2) Postoperative situations:the average recovery time of gastrointestinal function was 3 days (range,1-7 days).Three patients had postoperative complications,including 1 patient with pancreatic fistula (Grade A) and 2 patients with delayed gastric emptying,and all of them had been healed after symptomatic and supportive treatments.The results of T-tube cholangiography or CT before hospital discharge showed that there was no leakage around the anastomoses.The average duration of postoperative hospital stay was 10 days(range,6-20 days).(3) The postoperative pathological examinations showed 5 patients of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas,4 of common bile duct ampulla area adenocarcinomas,3 of duodenal papillary adenocarcinomas,3 of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and 2 of duodenal ampullary adenocarcinomas.(4) Followup:all the 17 patients were followed up for 1-4 months and the abdominal color Doppler ultrasound or CT showed that there was no evidence of tumor recurrence or leakage around anastomoses.Conclusion One half layer pancreaticojejunostomy with the posterior wall of pancreas reinforced is safe and feasible,and it can reduce the rate of pancreatic fistula successfully.

Objective To explore the effect of the autoregressive integrated moving average model?nonlinear auto?regressive neural network(ARIMA?NARNN)model on predicting schistosomiasis infection rates of population. Methods The ARIMA model,NARNN model and ARIMA?NARNN model were established based on monthly schistosomiasis infection rates from Janu?ary 2005 to February 2015 in Jiangsu Province,China. The fitting and prediction performances of the three models were com?pared. Results Compared to the ARIMA model and NARNN model,the mean square error(MSE),mean absolute error (MAE)and mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)of the ARIMA?NARNN model were the least with the values of 0.011 1, 0.090 0 and 0.282 4,respectively. Conclusion The ARIMA?NARNN model could effectively fit and predict schistosomiasis in?fection rates of population,which might have a great application value for the prevention and control of schistosomiasis.