AIM　To discuss the intraspecific relationship in Magnolia officinalis and the genuineness of Cortex Magnoliae officinalis, and to find some DNA characters of certified “Houpo”. METHODS　Thirty-three samples from eleven locations, which can represent most of the distribution of M.officinalis, were selected. The total DNA was extracted. Severty-four random primers were tried to get good amplification. RESULTS One hundred and sixteen bands amplified from seventeen primers, were clustered by NTSYS-pc software. Three branches were obtained. Some distinctive primers and bands, which represent certified species or fine breed, were obtained also. CONCLUSION　1) M.officinalis should be divided into three geographic clans instead of two subspecies or varieties, they are, a) typical officinalis, b) typical biloba and c) Middle type. This conclusion agrees with the leaf form and other characters. 2) The genetic difference between “Chuanpo” and “Wenpo” is evident and the difference is in correspondence with the quantities of their chemical constituents. So, the genetic difference is the main reason of the genuineness of Cortex Magnoliae officinalis. 3) These results may be used to establish DNA database for identification of Cortex Magnoliae officinalis.

OBJECTIVETo understand the present status and characteristics of Dendrobium officinale industry and to provide a rationale for the sustainable industrial development.

METHODBased on references and an on-site investigation of main Dendrobium officinale-producing enterprises and market, to analyze main existing problems and to propose suggestions for sustainable development.

RESULTMore than 10 provinces and regions are involved in the production around the center of Zhejiang and Yunnan provinces. These two provinces are different from each other in development pattern. Yunnan adopts a mode of companies minus farmer households but Zhejiang mainly employs a mode that a leading company establishes a production base with production, processing and marketing combined together. Zhejiang mode is characterized by high tech, high investment, high risk and high return. Existence of non-genuine species, stagnancy in development and application of varieties and techniques for quality control and a narrow channel for marketing are the key problems limiting sustainable development of the industry.

CONCLUSIONThe key to sustainable development of the industry is to establish a technological alliance to speed up development of common techniques and application of integrated innovations, to strengthen self-discipline and monitoring of production, and to expand sales market.

China ; Dendrobium ; chemistry ; Drug Industry ; economics ; trends ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; economics ; Marketing ; trends

Objective Although heart transplantation (HTx) has become a standard therapy for end-stage heart diseases,experience with pediatric HTx is limited in China.In this article,we will try to provide the experience with indications,complications,perioperative management,immunosuppressive therapy,and survival for pediatric HTx based on our clinical work.Method This is a retrospective chart review of the pediatric patients undergoing HTx at Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Union Hospital from September 2008 to December 2015.We summarized the indications,surgical variables,postoperative complications,and survival for these patients.Result Twenty-three pediatric patients presented for HTx at Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College,of whom 12 were male.The age at the time of transplantation ranged from 3 months to 18years (median 14 years).Patient weight ranged from 5.2 kg to 57.0 kg (median 36.0 kg).Pretransplant diagnosis included cardiomyopathy (16 cases),complex congenital heart disease (5cases) and tumors (2 cases).All recipients received ABO compatible donor hearts.Postoperative complications occurred in 14 patients,including cardiac dysfunction,arrhythmia,pulmonary infection,renal dysfunction,and rejection.Two of them experienced cardiac failure and required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.The immunosuppression regimen was comprised of prednisone,a calcineurin inhibitor,and mycophenolate.All patients recovered with New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class Ⅰ Ⅱ cardiac function and were discharged.Only one patient suffered sudden death 19 months after transplantation.Conclusion Orthotopic HTx is a promising therapeutic option with satisfactory survival for the pediatric population in China with end-stage heart disease.

Objective Sarcandra glabra is a widely-used Chinese medicinal herb,but the wild germplasm resources were decreasing.In order to protect the germplasm resources,the genetic diversity and genetic relationship among the various provenances should be analyzed.Methods ISSR Molecular markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of S.glabra collected from eight provenances.The genetic diversity,genetic distance,and cluster analysis were performed by Popgen32 software and UPCMA method.Results Ten screened polymorphic primers were used in ISSR-PCR and 111 bands were amplified,among them including 106 polymorphic bands that were about 95.50%.Genetic distance of eight different provenances were ranged from 0.034 7—0.185 0.The genetic diversity of S.glabra mainly came from the interior variation of every provenance,for Gst=0.340 3.Conclusion Provenances of S.glabra can be divided into two groups and based on the relationship of genetic distance and altitude,the provenances can be divieded as follows:correspondingly higher altitude group(800-900 m);correspondingly lower altitude group(250-300 m);middling altitude group(600 m).

OBJECTIVETo develop a convenient, practical low-cost and efficient Ganoderma spore collector.

METHODThe spore collector was made from common materials such as white cardboard and oil-lustrous paper, temperature and humidity were used as indexes to study the effect of the collector on the growth environment of Ganoderma and spore collection.

RESULTThe spore collector developed could effectively separate Ganoderma fruit bodies from the outside to form an independent closed space and stop free flow of spores. The use of the collector had few effects on temperature and humidity that influenced the growth of G. spp. and development of the fruit bodies. In addition, the fluctuation of the relative humidity inside the collector tended to be small.

CONCLUSIONThis collector could efficiently collect quality spores and the yield of spores accounted for 38.3% of the total yield of spores and fruit bodies when this collector was applied on a large scale.

Agriculture ; methods ; Equipment Design ; Equipment and Supplies ; Fruiting Bodies, Fungal ; growth & development ; Ganoderma ; growth & development ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development ; Spores, Fungal ; growth & development

Culture of pharmaceutical plant is a comprehensive multi-disciplinary theory, which has a long history of application. In order to improve the quality of this course, some reformation schemes have been carried out, including stimulating enthusiasm for learning, refining the basic concepts and theories, promoting the case study, emphasis on latest achievements, enhancing exercise in laboratory and planting base, and guiding students to do scientific and technological innovation. Meanwhile, the authors point out some teaching problems of this course.
Education, Medical ; Humans ; Pharmacognosy ; education ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development

Using the theory and method of bibliometrics, this paper made statistical analysis on the research papers of 16 main woody medical plants published in the period of 1998-2007, from aspects of years distribution, journals distribution, themes distribution, authors distribution and research institutes distribution, and so on. The results showed the studies, status quto and development potential of woody medical plants.
Bibliometrics ; China ; Plants, Medicinal

OBJECTIVETo learn about the photosynthetic characteristics of Sarcandra glabra and provide the theoretic references for its better planting.

METHODThe photosynthetic parameters of twenty different provenances of Sarcandra glabra were determined by Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system, and the data was analyzed by Excel and SAS software.

RESULTThe results showed that the light saturation point of different Provenances of S. glabra were almost about 800 micromol x m(-2) x s(-1), while the light compensation point of them were from 14.70 micromol x m(-2) x s(-1) to 48.68 micromol x m(-2) x s(-1). The curve of net photosynthetic rate had two peaks on sunny day, the first one was in the morning and the other one was in the afternoon. The photosynthetic "noon- break" of S. glabra appeared between 11:00-13:00, when the net photosynthetic rate goes down sharply. Intercellular CO2 concentration (C(i)), CO2 concentration (CO2S) and transpiration rate (T(r)) all have effect on the diurnal change of net photosynthetic rate (P(n)) of S. glabra, and the average correlation coefficient between P(n) and the parameters above were orderly as -0.89 (P < 0.01), -0.75 (P < 0.05) and 0.69 (P < 0.05);

CONCLUSIONS. glabra was a plant with characteristics of shade-tolerance, and through the way of covering, sprinkling for decreasing the surrounding temperature would be effective to reduce its "noon-break" time and increas its efficiency of photosynthesis.

Magnoliopsida ; classification ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Photosynthesis ; radiation effects ; Phylogeny ; Sunlight

Effects of light quality and germplasm on the growth and effective ingredients of Dendrobium officinale germchit were studied. Under 8 light qualities (red, blue, yellow, green and three different red blue mix light), test-tube plantlets of different families (9 x 66, 17 x 30, 78 x 68) were used in the experiment to measure economical character and determine the content of chlorophyll, polysaccharides and total alkaloids. The results showed that light quality, germplasm and their interaction had a significant effect on the growth of D. officinale germchit. The maximal root length and height of seedling were obtained under red light, under blue light, the stem diameter was thickest and the content of total alkaloids were highest, the content of chlorophyll and polysaccharides of test-tube plantlets under red blue mix light were higher than that of other treatments. This work has laid a foundation for the high quality, low carbon and efficient production of D. officinale, and gives useful tips on production of high quality ingredients.
Alkaloids ; metabolism ; Breeding ; Chlorophyll ; metabolism ; Dendrobium ; genetics ; growth & development ; radiation effects ; Light ; Plant Roots ; genetics ; growth & development ; radiation effects ; Plant Stems ; genetics ; growth & development ; radiation effects ; Polysaccharides ; metabolism ; Seedlings ; genetics ; growth & development ; radiation effects