Objective To learn the current obstetric beds allocation,obstetric service delivery and access in midwifery institutions at various levels in the localities and nationwide as well as the trends,and assess the equity of obstetric beds allocation,for the purpose of recommending on a reasonable adjustment of obstetric beds allocation in these institutions.Methods Random sampling made in 44 cities in China for questionnaire survey on obstetric beds allocation,service delivery and utilization in 2008～2010 at all midwifery institutions in these cities.Interview of health administrators and medical workers at obstetric of midwifery institutions in 6 counties.Results Every thousand square kilometers in China average 5.9 midwifery institutions,and every thousand people average 0.24 obstetric beds.During 2008 ～ 2010,the number of beds and midwifery service delivery kept a growing trend while in townships obstetric service deliveries maintain a falling trend.The fairness index of maternity beds layout nationwide is 0.021283.Obstetric beds supply and demand ratio in different regions ranges among 0.97～ 1.41.The number of deliveries made in county level hospitals is 54.1％,but the beds in such hospitals account for but 48.1％.Conclusion The equity of obstetric beds allocation is good in terms of population layout.The quantity of obstetric beds meets the current needs nationwide,while the allocation of obstetric beds is less than reasonable among obstetric institutions of various levels in the country.The authors recommend a better control and adjustment of midwifery institutions layout,especially more such hospitals at the township level to meet the need of women delivery in hospital in remote areas.

Objective To establish an effective and stable rat model of skin-infection for evaluating the therapeutic effects of topical anti-infection drugs.Methods SD rats were subcutaneously injected with cyclophosphamide to induce immunosuppression,and then surgical incisions were made on both sides of the spine.The rat model of skin-infection was established by applying methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureas suspension to the incisions for two consecutive days,and evaluated by analyzing infection status,pathological changes and healing time.Results The development of pyogenic infection was detected in all of the rats.Compared with the non-cyclophosphamide treated group,the cyclophosphamide treated group showed a more severe infection both from the visual inspection and the microscopic observation,moreover,its healing time was delayed more than 10 days.Conclusion The skin-infection model was successfully established in immunosuppressed rats induced by cyclophosphamide,which could be applicable to the efficacy evaluation of anti-infection drugs for external use on skin infection.

Objective ToexplorethevalueofspectralCTimaginginmultiGparameterquantitativeanalysisoflungcancerwithdifferent pathologicaltypes.Methods SpectralCTimagesof72patientswithlungcancerprovedbypathologywereanalyzed,includingadenocarcinoma (ADC)in44cases,squamouscellcarcinoma(SQCC)in23casesandsmallcelllungcancer(SCLC)in5cases.Theslopeof40－100keVspectralattenuationcurve(λH),effectiveatomicnumber(EffectiveGZ),Calciumconcentration,hydroxyapatite(HAP)concentration, normalizediodineconcentration(NIC)and Waterconcentration were measuredandcomparedrespectively.The O n eG W a y analysisof variance (ANOVA ) was used and a value of P＜0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results (1 )O n plain C T ,there were statisticallysignificantdifferencesinEffectiveGZandλHamongthreeGdiseasegroups(F＝3.423,P＝0.04,F＝3.476,P＝0.038,respectively). (2)IncontrastGenhancedarterialphase,theWaterconcentrationandλHshowedstatisticallysignificantdifferencesamongthreegroups (F＝6.303,P＝0.003,F＝5.833,P＝0.005,respectively).(3)Invenousphase,thedifferenceinNICandλH wasstatisticallysignificant amongthegroups(F＝3.974,P＝0.023,F＝6.766,P＝0.002,respectively).(4)Apairwisecomparisonshowedtherewerestatistically significantdifferencesinallquantitativeparametersofspectralCTbetweenADCandSQCCgroups.ROCcurveanalysisshowedthat thosequantitativeparametersinvenousphaseappearedtohavehighdiagnosticefficiencyindifferentiatingADCfromSQCC,especiallyfor theλHinVP,withaAUCof0.754,sensitivityof79.5%,specificityof69.6%andthresholdvalueof1.78.Conclusion CTSpectral multiGparameterimagingprovidesanewsupplementarymethodforpreoperativediagnosisofADCandSQCC,andλHinvenousphase hasthehighestvalueindifferentiatingADCfromSQCC.

In recent years, global outbreaks of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, have triggered great concern about emerging infectious diseases. With the rapid development of next-generation sequencing technology and bioinformatic tools for viral metagenomics, there is now a widespread capability to detect and identify various known and unknown pathogenic microorganisms within both environmental and biological contexts. Furthermore, the continuous evolution of machine learning methods has led to the development and application of multiple rapid and highly accurate approaches for virus identification. Concurrently, owing to the continual progress in machine learning methods, several rapid and accurate virus identification techniques have been widely developed and applied. Therefore, this review aims to systematically summarize the key methodologies, frameworks, and the scope of applicability within the field of viral metagenomics, with a specific focus on virus identification and prediction. It could facilitate a deeper understanding of viral characteristics, identify potential novel pathogens, and provide technical support for the early prevention and control of infectious diseases.

In recent years, global outbreaks of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, have triggered great concern about emerging infectious diseases. With the rapid development of next-generation sequencing technology and bioinformatic tools for viral metagenomics, there is now a widespread capability to detect and identify various known and unknown pathogenic microorganisms within both environmental and biological contexts. Furthermore, the continuous evolution of machine learning methods has led to the development and application of multiple rapid and highly accurate approaches for virus identification. Concurrently, owing to the continual progress in machine learning methods, several rapid and accurate virus identification techniques have been widely developed and applied. Therefore, this review aims to systematically summarize the key methodologies, frameworks, and the scope of applicability within the field of viral metagenomics, with a specific focus on virus identification and prediction. It could facilitate a deeper understanding of viral characteristics, identify potential novel pathogens, and provide technical support for the early prevention and control of infectious diseases.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of high-intensity interval training and moderate continuous aerobic training on patients classified as low risk for exercise rehabilitation after a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods:A total of 43 patients considered low-risk after a PCI were randomly divided into a high-intensity interval training group (HIIT group, 22 cases) and a moderate continuous aerobic training group (MCT group, 21 cases). The HIIT group received high-intensity, but aerobic interval training involving 8 rounds of 3 minutes of high-intensity exercise with 2-minute intervals at 80% of peak power over 40 minutes, 3 times a week. The MCT group trained continuously at 60% of peak power for the same duration. After 12 weeks both groups were given an ultrasound examination and a cardiopulmonary exercise test to assess their cardiac functioning and exercise endurance. The subjects′ life quality was evaluated and compared using some items from the SF-36 scale.Results:Before the training, no significant differences were observed in the average left ventricular ejection fraction, stroke volume, peak power, peak oxygen uptake, anaerobic threshold, physiological functioning, physical pain, general health or social functioning between the two groups. After the training significant improvement in all these indicators was observed in both groups, but compared with MCT group, the average left ventricular ejection fraction, stroke volume, peak power and peak oxygen uptake of the HIIT group were significantly better.Conclusions:High-intensity, aerobic interval training is superior to moderate but continuous aerobic training for improving the cardiac functioning and exercise endurance of patients suitable for exercise rehabilitation after a PCI. But there is no significant difference in their effect on the short-term quality of life.

Objective:To investigate the effects of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) and magnesium sulfate on the survival rate of random-pattern skin flaps (RSF) with different length-to-width ratios.Methods:Using a random number table method, 45 SD rats were divided into three groups: the saline group (Group A), the BTX-A group (Group B), and the magnesium sulfate group (Group C), with 15 rats in each group. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups based on different length-to-width ratios of RSF (1∶1, 2∶1, 3∶1), with 5 rats in each subgroup. The preparation of the RSF involved using the midline of the rat’s back as the axis and the level 1 cm below the iliac crest line as the base, extending towards the head. The skin tissue was incised to the dorsal fascia layer, separating the subcutaneous tissue at the superficial layer of the deep fascia, while severing the blood vessels and their branches on both sides and at the base. After hemostasis, the flap was sutured in place. Immediately after surgery, 0.2 ml of saline, BTX-A (25 U/ml), or magnesium sulfate solution (50 mg/ml) was injected into the proximal, middle, and distal ends of the flap. On the seventh day post-surgery, the gross appearance of the flap was assessed, and the survival rate was calculated. The surviving flap tissue underwent hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining to evaluate microvascular density (MVD) and the degree of vasodilation (including vessel outer diameter, inner diameter, and wall thickness). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 9.0.1 software, with data expressed as Mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA was used for multiple group comparisons, and Tukey’s test was used for pairwise comparisons.Results:On the seventh day post-surgery, flaps with a length-to-width ratio of 1∶1 healed well in all subgroups. In the case of flaps with a 2∶1 ratio, Group A exhibited partial necrosis at the distal end, characterized by blackened, non-elastic scabs and exudate. Groups B and C generally healed well. For flaps with a 3∶1 ratio, Group A exhibited extensive necrosis at both the middle and distal ends, with similar blackened, non-elastic scabs, non-bleeding cut sections, and exudate. Groups B and C showed only partial blackening at the distal end, with most areas healing effectively. The survival rates of flaps with a 1∶1 ratio did not show significant differences among the three groups ( P>0.05). Compared to Group A, Groups B and C had significantly higher survival rates for flaps with 2∶1 and 3∶1 ratios ( P<0.01), with no significant difference between Groups B and C ( P>0.05). HE staining indicated that as the length-to-width ratios increased, tissue edema and inflammatory cell infiltration also increased in all groups. Groups B and C had significantly reduced inflammatory changes compared to Group A, with a greater number of newly formed microvessels observed. Quantitative analysis revealed that MVD in Groups B and C was significantly higher than in Group A, regardless of the flap ratio ( P<0.05), with no significant difference between Groups B and C ( P>0.05). Vasodilation analysis showed that the outer diameter and wall thickness of vessels in Groups B and C were significantly greater than those in Group A ( P<0.05), with no significant difference between Groups B and C ( P>0.05). Immunohistochemical staining revealed that VEGF expression levels in Groups B and C were higher than in Group A, regardless of the flap ratio ( P<0.01). In flaps with a 1∶1 ratio, VEGF expression was higher in Group C than in Group B ( P<0.05), with no significant difference between the two groups for other flap ratios ( P>0.05). Conclusion:In RSF with length-to-width ratios of 2∶1 and 3∶1, subcutaneous injections of BTX-A or magnesium sulfate after replantation can promote the expansion and formation of blood vessels in the flap, increase the expression of VEGF, and improve the survival rate of the RSF.

Objective:To investigate the effects of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) and magnesium sulfate on the survival rate of random-pattern skin flaps (RSF) with different length-to-width ratios.Methods:Using a random number table method, 45 SD rats were divided into three groups: the saline group (Group A), the BTX-A group (Group B), and the magnesium sulfate group (Group C), with 15 rats in each group. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups based on different length-to-width ratios of RSF (1∶1, 2∶1, 3∶1), with 5 rats in each subgroup. The preparation of the RSF involved using the midline of the rat’s back as the axis and the level 1 cm below the iliac crest line as the base, extending towards the head. The skin tissue was incised to the dorsal fascia layer, separating the subcutaneous tissue at the superficial layer of the deep fascia, while severing the blood vessels and their branches on both sides and at the base. After hemostasis, the flap was sutured in place. Immediately after surgery, 0.2 ml of saline, BTX-A (25 U/ml), or magnesium sulfate solution (50 mg/ml) was injected into the proximal, middle, and distal ends of the flap. On the seventh day post-surgery, the gross appearance of the flap was assessed, and the survival rate was calculated. The surviving flap tissue underwent hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining to evaluate microvascular density (MVD) and the degree of vasodilation (including vessel outer diameter, inner diameter, and wall thickness). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 9.0.1 software, with data expressed as Mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA was used for multiple group comparisons, and Tukey’s test was used for pairwise comparisons.Results:On the seventh day post-surgery, flaps with a length-to-width ratio of 1∶1 healed well in all subgroups. In the case of flaps with a 2∶1 ratio, Group A exhibited partial necrosis at the distal end, characterized by blackened, non-elastic scabs and exudate. Groups B and C generally healed well. For flaps with a 3∶1 ratio, Group A exhibited extensive necrosis at both the middle and distal ends, with similar blackened, non-elastic scabs, non-bleeding cut sections, and exudate. Groups B and C showed only partial blackening at the distal end, with most areas healing effectively. The survival rates of flaps with a 1∶1 ratio did not show significant differences among the three groups ( P>0.05). Compared to Group A, Groups B and C had significantly higher survival rates for flaps with 2∶1 and 3∶1 ratios ( P<0.01), with no significant difference between Groups B and C ( P>0.05). HE staining indicated that as the length-to-width ratios increased, tissue edema and inflammatory cell infiltration also increased in all groups. Groups B and C had significantly reduced inflammatory changes compared to Group A, with a greater number of newly formed microvessels observed. Quantitative analysis revealed that MVD in Groups B and C was significantly higher than in Group A, regardless of the flap ratio ( P<0.05), with no significant difference between Groups B and C ( P>0.05). Vasodilation analysis showed that the outer diameter and wall thickness of vessels in Groups B and C were significantly greater than those in Group A ( P<0.05), with no significant difference between Groups B and C ( P>0.05). Immunohistochemical staining revealed that VEGF expression levels in Groups B and C were higher than in Group A, regardless of the flap ratio ( P<0.01). In flaps with a 1∶1 ratio, VEGF expression was higher in Group C than in Group B ( P<0.05), with no significant difference between the two groups for other flap ratios ( P>0.05). Conclusion:In RSF with length-to-width ratios of 2∶1 and 3∶1, subcutaneous injections of BTX-A or magnesium sulfate after replantation can promote the expansion and formation of blood vessels in the flap, increase the expression of VEGF, and improve the survival rate of the RSF.

Objective: To explore the effect of different concentrations of relaxin-2(RLN-2) on the proliferation and migration abilities of human immortalized keratinocytes(HaCaT cells). Methods: Methods HaCaT cells were cultured in media with different concentrations of RLN-2, and the cells were cultured in media without RLN-2 as the control group.The effect on cell proliferation was assessed by using the CCK-8 reagent, the cell migration ability was evaluated throughin vitrocell scratch assay, the cell cycle was examined by flow cytometry, and the expression levels of cell cycle proteins Cyclin B1 and Cyclin A2 were detected by Western blot. Results: After being cultured for 24 hours under RLN-2 concentration ranging from 10～100 ng/ml, HaCaT cells showed progressively increased proliferation and migration capabilities compared to the control group, with elevated expression levels of cell cycle proteins Cyclin B1 and Cyclin A2 and an increased proportion of cells in S and G2/M phases, peaking at 100 ng/ml. However, HaCaT cells cultured with 200 ng/ml of RLN-2 exhibited reduced proliferation and migration capabilities, decreased expression levels of Cyclin B1 and Cyclin A2, and a lower proportion of cells in S and G2/M phases compared to the 100 ng/ml group. Conclusion RLN-2 can enhance the migration ability of HaCaT cells within an appropriate concentration range and may also promote cell proliferation by increasing the expression of related cell cycle proteins and the proportion of cells in S and G2/M phases.

BACKGROUND:Human periodontal ligament stem cells are potential functional cells for periodontal tissue engineering.However,long-term in vitro culture may lead to reduced stemness and replicative senescence of periodontal ligament stem cells,which may impair the therapeutic effect of human periodontal ligament stem cells. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of oxymatrine on the stemness maintenance and osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells in vitro,and to explore the potential mechanism. METHODS:Periodontal ligament stem cells were isolated from human periodontal ligament tissues by tissue explant enzyme digestion and cultured.The surface markers of mesenchymal cells were identified by flow cytometry.Periodontal ligament stem cells were incubated with 0,2.5,5,and 10 μg/mL oxymatrine.The effect of oxymatrine on the proliferation activity of periodontal ligament stem cells was detected by CCK8 assay.The appropriate drug concentration for subsequent experiments was screened.Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of stem cell non-specific proteins SOX2 and OCT4 in periodontal ligament stem cells.qRT-PCR and western blot assay were used to detect the expression levels of related osteogenic genes and proteins in periodontal ligament stem cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The results of CCK8 assay showed that 2.5 μg/mL oxymatrine significantly enhanced the proliferative activity of periodontal stem cells,and the subsequent experiment selected 2.5 μg/mL oxymatrine to intervene.(2)Compared with the blank control group,the protein expression level of SOX2,a stem marker of periodontal ligament stem cells in the oxymatrine group did not change significantly(P>0.05),and the expression of OCT4 was significantly up-regulated(P<0.05).(3)Compared with the osteogenic induction group,the osteogenic genes ALP,RUNX2 mRNA expression and their osteogenic associated protein ALP protein expression of periodontal ligament stem cells were significantly down-regulated in the oxymatrine+osteogenic induction group(P<0.05).(4)The oxymatrine up-regulated the expression of stemness markers of periodontal ligament stem cells and inhibited the bone differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells,and the results of high-throughput sequencing showed that it may be associated with WNT2,WNT16,COMP,and BMP6.