Objective To study the pathological features of two huge spontaneous tumors in Wistar and GK rats. Methods Forty Wistar rats and 40 GK rats were included in this study. Among those rats, two huge spontaneous tumors were observed in a Wistar rat at 14 months of age and in a GK rat at 22 months of age. The growth and survival status of the tumor?bearing rats were recorded. The tumors were surgically removed, and their pathological features were examined using HE and immunohistochemical staining (vimentin, CK19, α?SMA, CD31, CD34, S?100, NF及Ki?67). Results Both the two tumors were completely resected by surgery without much difficulties, and both host rats survived well after the operation. The weight of the two huge tumors was 502 g and 119 g, which corresponding to 64% and 24% of the body weight of their host rats, respectively. The tumors surface had a complete capsule, with a clear boundary separating from the normal surrounding tissues, and no vascular pedicle structure was found. According to the results of immunohistochemical staining, both the two tumors were diagnosed as benign fibroma. Conclusion This type of huge spontaneous tumors is benign fibroma. Besides the impact on the activities of the rats, the tumors have no significant impact on the living conditions in the hosts.

Objective To investigate the effect of mitochondrial fission on the function of pancreatic β cells.Methods INS-1 stable cell lines allowing inducible expression of either wild-type dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp-1 WT)or its dominant-negative mutant(Drp-1 K38A)were used.The effect of mitochondrial fission on the function of pancreatic β cells were investigated under different concentrations of glucose.Results There were increased mitochondrial fission and disintegration of the mitochondrial reticulum into multiple punctiform organelles in Drp-1 WT cells induced with doxycycline under high glucose condition.Insulin secretion(P<0.01),mitochondrial membrane potential(P<0.05),and ATP content(P<0.05)were decreased and cytochrome C expression was increased after the expression of Drp-1 WT under high glucose condition while these changes were markedly mild in Drp-1 K38A expression cells.Conclusion The increased mitochondrial fission inhibits pancreatic β cell function.

OBJECTIVE To observe the neurotoxicity of 1-bromopropane(BP) and investigate the protective effects of edaravone(Edv) against BP-induced deficits of spatial learning and memory ability in rats by its anti-inflammatory mechanism. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were ig given BP 800 mg·kg-1 to develop the model, followed by Edv 1, 3 and 5 mg·kg-1 ip treatment respectively 4 h later for consecutive 12 d. From the 7th day (d 7), all rats were subjected to the five-day place navigation in Morris water maze (MWM) to measure the escape latency and the total swimming distance. On d 6 of MWM, spatial probe test was performed and the crossing times of rats were recorded to evaluate the spatial memory ability. At the end of the behavioral experiment, four rats in each group were randomly selected and the frozen section of the whole brain was sliced for thionin staining and immunohisto?chemistry. The other eight sacrifced rat brains from each group were harvested for the determination of the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) by ELISA and nitrate reductase method, respectively. RESULTS The results of MWM test showed that compared with control rats the escape latencies of rats in BP group were increased by 60.8%, 81.9%,124.0% and 323.3%, respectively, during the d 2-d 5 of MWM, and the total swimming distance increased by 47.0%, 66.4%, 106.0% and 277.6%, respectirely. All the differences between BP group and control group were significant (P<0.05, P<0.01). In the spatial probe trial, the crossing times of rats in BP group were significantly decreased, compared with the control rats (P<0.01). Morphologically, thionin staining and immunohistochemistry revealed significant microglia activation and neuron loss in the rat forebrains, accompanied by a 147.6% and 18.7% increase in NO and TNF-α levels in rats treated with BP respectively compared with control values (P<0.05, P<0.01). After co-treatment at different dosages of Edv with BP, the escape latencies of rats in BP+Edv 5 mg·kg-1 group were decreased by 38.4%and 44.3%(P<0.01), and the total swimming distance decreased 34.5%and 43.3%(P<0.05, P<0.01), respectively, compared with the BP treated rats on the d 4 and d 5 of MWM test. The microglia activation and neuron damage in the brain of rats induced by BP treatment were significantly alleviated in BP+Edv groups. In addition, the contents of NO and TNF-α were decreased in BP+Edv 1, 3 and 5 mg · kg-1 groups, with a decrease of 53.8%, 55.4% and 59.8% in NO, and 12.2%, 15.8% and 22.2% in TNF-α(P<0.05, P<0.01), respectively. CONCLUSION Edv could effectively protect against central neurotoxicity induced by BP via anti-neuro?inflammation.

OBJECTIVE:To develop a method for simultaneous determination of irinotecan(CPT-11)and its active metabo-lite 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin(SN-38)in human plasma.METHODS:After precipitated by acetonitrile and acidified with hy-drochloric acid,using camptothecin as internal standard,the plasma sample was determined by HPLC-FLD. The determination was performed on Waters Luna C18column with mobile phase consisted of 0.05 mol/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate-acetonitrile(70:30, V/V,adjusted pH to 4.0 by phosphoric acid)at flow rate of 1 mL/min. The excitation wavelength was set at 380 nm;the emis-sion wavelengths of CPT-11 and SN-38 were set at 480 nm and 535 nm,respectively. The column temperature was 25 ℃ and the sample size was 20 μL. RESULTS:The linear ranges were 200-1 000 ng/mL for CPT-11(r=0.999 4,n=5)and 5-45 ng/mL for SN-38(r=0.999 2,n=5). RSDs of inter-day and intra-day were 1.68%-5.57%. The relative recoveries of CPT-11 and SN-38 were 90.12%-106.93%(RSD<8%,n=5)and 92.07%-102.56%(RSD<6%,n=5);the extraction recoveries of CPT-11 and SN-38 were 72.23%-86.56%(RSD<6%,n=5)and 71.98%-83.44%(RSD<7%,n=5),respectively. The plasma concentra-tions of CPT-11 and SN-38 in 5 patients with colon cancer were 431.13-617.19,13.97-31.89 ng/mL(1 h after intravenous drip-ping)and 398.14-584.43,11.61-29.94 ng/mL(2 h after intravenous dripping). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,rapid, sensitive,reproducible and suitable for the determination of plasma concentration and pharmacokinetic study of CPT-11 and its metabolite SN-38.

OBJECTIVETo review the clinical features of duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs), and to compare the clinical efficacy among different surgical treatments for duodenal GISTs.

METHODSClinicalpathological data of 36 cases of duodenal GISTs undergoing operation in The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2000 to July 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients received surgical treatments, including 15 cases with regional resection, 8 cases with segmental resection, 12 cases with pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), and 1 case with liver biopsy, respectively. Clinical efficacy between pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and non-PD (NPD) was compared.

RESULTSNine of 36 cases (25%) developed postoperative complications who were all in the PD group. Eight patients recovered and healed finally after active treatment, and 1 case was complicated with acute pancreatitis, pancreatic fistula and intra-abdominal infection. The median follow-up time was 54 months and the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate and 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate were 78.1% and 72.1%, respectively. The 5-year OS rate in the PD group and the NPD group was 61.1% and 61.1% respectively. The 5-year RFS rate in the PD group and the NPD group was 85.8% and 78.8% respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the both groups (P=0.71 and P=0.89).

CONCLUSIONSFor duodenal GISTs patients, regional resection and segmental resection have similar clinical outcomes to pancreaticoduodenectomy while the former two can obviously decrease the incidence of postoperative complications. Based on the premise of R0 resection guaranteed, regional sectional and segmental resection with less injury should be the surgical treatment of choice.

Objective To explore the safety application of organs from infectious donors. Methods Clinical data of 67 donors and recipients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation were retrospectively analyzed. According to the occurrence of infections and infection sites in donors, all recipients were divided into the bloodstream infection group (n=16, donors with non-drug resistant bacterial infections), non-bloodstream infection group (n=20, donors with other site infections) and non-infection group (n=31). Perioperative clinical parameters including preoperative model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, operative time, anhepatic phase, intraoperative blood loss and intraoperative blood transfusion were statistically compared among three groups. The recovery of liver function and coagulation function in the recipients was observed at postoperative 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 d. The incidence rate of complications and mortality rate in the recipients were recorded within 1 month after liver transplantation. The recovery of postoperative infection-related parameters including white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil pet (NE%) and procalcitonin (PCT) level in the recipients was observed. The application rate and application time of restricted antibiotics were recorded. Results Perioperative clinical parameters in the recipients did not significantly differ among three groups (all P > 0.05). At each time point after liver transplantation, the liver function, coagulation function, incidence rate of complications and mortality rate in the recipients did not significantly differ among three groups (all P > 0.05). The NE% of recipients at postoperative 3 and 7 d in the bloodstream infection group was significantly higher than those in non-bloodstream infection and non-infection groups (all P < 0.05). The PCT levels of recipients at postoperative 3, 7 and 14 d in the bloodstream infection group were significantly higher than those in the non-bloodstream infection and non-infection groups (all P < 0.05). The application rate and application time of restricted antibiotics in the recipients with bloodstream infections were significantly higher or longer than their counterparts in the non-bloodstream infection and non-infection groups (all P < 0.05). Conclusions It is safe to apply liver grafts from donors with bloodstream infection of non-drug resistant bacteria or other site infections when antibiotics are applied as early as possible.

Objective To establish subcutaneous xenograft models of gastric cancer in nude mice and to screen the predictive biomarkers of bevacizumab effectiveness. Methods Subcutaneous xenograft models were established using BGC823 gastric cancer cell line in 20 male 4-week old BALB/C-nu/nu nude mice and were randomly divided into four groups, bevacizumab group (15 mg/kg), 5-FU group (15 mg/kg), combined group and control group, with 5 mice in each group. Bevacizumab and 5-FU were administered intraperitoneally every other day for three weeks. After treatment , tumor size and inhibition rate were calculated. Expression of CD31 was examined by immunohistochemistry for evaluation of microvascular density (MVD). Levels of human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), placental growth factor (PIGF) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Compared to the control group, bevacizumab group and combined group had a significantly lower MVD (5.2±1.0 and 4.3±1.2 vs. 13.8 ±1.6, P<0.05), a smaller tumor volume [(305.6 ±184.1) mm3 and (242.2 ±71.4) mm3 vs. (1535.2 ±625.1) mm3, P<0.05], and lower levels of VEGF and IL-8 in tumor tissues [VEGF:(351.6±84.1) ng/L and (242.2±71.4) ng/L vs. (1256.7±702.1) ng/L, P<0.05); IL-8:(20 903± 1485) ng/L and (27 489±6772) ng/L vs. (57 032±2437) ng/L, P<0.05]. The above parameters were not significantly different between 5-FU group and control group (all P>0.05). Levels of bFGF and IGF were not significantly different among four groups as well (all P>0.05). Conclusion VEGF and IL-8 may be used to be biomarkers candidates to predict bevacizumab effectiveness on human gastric cancer.

Objective To review the clinical features of duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), and to compare the clinical efficacy among different surgical treatments for duodenal GISTs. Methods Clinicalpathological data of 36 cases of duodenal GISTs undergoing operation in The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2000 to July 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients received surgical treatments, including 15 cases with regional resection, 8 cases with segmental resection, 12 cases with pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), and 1 case with liver biopsy, respectively. Clinical efficacy between pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and non-PD (NPD) was compared. Results Nine of 36 cases (25%) developed postoperative complications who were all in the PD group. Eight patients recovered and healed finally after active treatment , and 1 case was complicated with acute pancreatitis, pancreatic fistula and intra-abdominal infection. The median follow-up time was 54 months and the 5-year overall survival(OS) rate and 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate were 78.1% and 72.1%, respectively. The 5-year OS rate in the PD group and the NPD group was 61.1%and 61.1%respectively. The 5-year RFS rate in the PD group and the NPD group was 85.8%and 78.8%respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the both groups (P=0.71 and P=0.89). Conclusions For duodenal GISTs patients, regional resection and segmental resection have similar clinical outcomes to pancreaticoduodenectomy while the former two can obviously decrease the incidence of postoperative complications. Based on the premise of R0 resection guaranteed , regional sectional and segmental resection with less injury should be the surgical treatment of choice.

Objective To establish subcutaneous xenograft models of gastric cancer in nude mice and to screen the predictive biomarkers of bevacizumab effectiveness. Methods Subcutaneous xenograft models were established using BGC823 gastric cancer cell line in 20 male 4-week old BALB/C-nu/nu nude mice and were randomly divided into four groups, bevacizumab group (15 mg/kg), 5-FU group (15 mg/kg), combined group and control group, with 5 mice in each group. Bevacizumab and 5-FU were administered intraperitoneally every other day for three weeks. After treatment , tumor size and inhibition rate were calculated. Expression of CD31 was examined by immunohistochemistry for evaluation of microvascular density (MVD). Levels of human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), placental growth factor (PIGF) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Compared to the control group, bevacizumab group and combined group had a significantly lower MVD (5.2±1.0 and 4.3±1.2 vs. 13.8 ±1.6, P<0.05), a smaller tumor volume [(305.6 ±184.1) mm3 and (242.2 ±71.4) mm3 vs. (1535.2 ±625.1) mm3, P<0.05], and lower levels of VEGF and IL-8 in tumor tissues [VEGF:(351.6±84.1) ng/L and (242.2±71.4) ng/L vs. (1256.7±702.1) ng/L, P<0.05); IL-8:(20 903± 1485) ng/L and (27 489±6772) ng/L vs. (57 032±2437) ng/L, P<0.05]. The above parameters were not significantly different between 5-FU group and control group (all P>0.05). Levels of bFGF and IGF were not significantly different among four groups as well (all P>0.05). Conclusion VEGF and IL-8 may be used to be biomarkers candidates to predict bevacizumab effectiveness on human gastric cancer.

Objective To review the clinical features of duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), and to compare the clinical efficacy among different surgical treatments for duodenal GISTs. Methods Clinicalpathological data of 36 cases of duodenal GISTs undergoing operation in The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2000 to July 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients received surgical treatments, including 15 cases with regional resection, 8 cases with segmental resection, 12 cases with pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), and 1 case with liver biopsy, respectively. Clinical efficacy between pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and non-PD (NPD) was compared. Results Nine of 36 cases (25%) developed postoperative complications who were all in the PD group. Eight patients recovered and healed finally after active treatment , and 1 case was complicated with acute pancreatitis, pancreatic fistula and intra-abdominal infection. The median follow-up time was 54 months and the 5-year overall survival(OS) rate and 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate were 78.1% and 72.1%, respectively. The 5-year OS rate in the PD group and the NPD group was 61.1%and 61.1%respectively. The 5-year RFS rate in the PD group and the NPD group was 85.8%and 78.8%respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the both groups (P=0.71 and P=0.89). Conclusions For duodenal GISTs patients, regional resection and segmental resection have similar clinical outcomes to pancreaticoduodenectomy while the former two can obviously decrease the incidence of postoperative complications. Based on the premise of R0 resection guaranteed , regional sectional and segmental resection with less injury should be the surgical treatment of choice.