Rifabutin(RBT) is a rifamycin derivative,like rifampicin(RIF),registered for the prophylaxis and treatment of mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)in patients with AIDS by FDA in 1992.Subsequently,the drug was approved by many other countries.But now,it is used not only in the prophlaxis and treatment of mycobacterium avium complex but also in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis and Helicobacter pylori.For its high lipophilic characteristic and weak inducing properties compare to other rifamycin derivative,it can be applied in treatment with many diseases successfully,especially when combine with other antibiotics,and can solve the problem of traditional antibiotics resistance and increase the clinical safety of combined medical treatment.This paper just shows the progress of clinical pharmacological study and related aspects on rifabutin in order to instruct prescription.

Insulin is the most common medicine used for diabetic patients, unfortunately, its effective time is short, even the long-acting insulin cannot obtain a satisfactory effect. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21 is a recently discovered glucose mediator and expected to be a potential anti-diabetic drug that does not rely on insulin. In this study, db/db mice were used as the type 2 diabetic model to examine whether mFGF-21 has the long-term blood lowering effect on the animal model. The results showed that mFGF-21 could stably maintain the blood glucose at normal level for a long-term in a dose-dependent manner. Administration of mFGF-21 once a day with three doses (0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 mg x kg(-1)) could maintain blood glucose of the model animals at normal level for at least 24 h. Administration of mFGF-21 every two days with the same doses could maintain blood glucose of the model animals at normal level for at least 48 h, although it took longer time for blood glucose to reach to normal level depending on doses used (twenty injections for 0.125 mg x kg(-1) and 0.25 mg x kg(-1) doses, ten injections for 0.5 mg x kg(-1) dose). Surprisingly, the blood glucose of the treated model animals still maintained at normal level for 24 h after the experiment terminated. Glycosylated hemoglobin level of the animals treated with mFGF-21, which represented long-term glucose status, decreased significantly compared to the control group and the insulin group. The results suggest that FGF-21 has potential to become a long-acting and potent anti-diabetic drug.

To promote the construction of first-class disciplines of "Double First-Class" universities in China, the construction of a comprehensive evaluation system was explored, so as to provide suggestions for the development of these disciplines.Essential Science Indicators (ESI), InCites and Derwent Innovation Index databases, together with range transformation method and entropy weight method, were employed to analyze the data in the field of pharmacology and toxicology from some universities; the construction approaches and index performance of the system were studied. The score performances of the sample universities in the index system are different from their ESI rankings, suggesting that the system has certain practical value.ESI rankings cannot fully reflect the development levels of disciplines, while the multi-dimensional index evaluation system can overcome this shortcoming to a certain extent.This paper establishes an evaluation system with published papers and granted patents as the main evaluation objects, covering as many multi-angle indicators of scientific research output as possible, and trying to overcome the disadvantages due to lack of information in a single or few index systems.It is suggested that universities should formulate their discipline development plans from the perspectives of publishing high-quality original research results, leading or widely participating in scientific research cooperation, strengthening university-enterprise cooperation, promoting the application of research results, promoting open science and encouraging open access.

This paper aims to explore the feasibility of establishing a representative work screening method based on the academic recognition of the paper. Through comparative analysis of the strong and weak points of representative method, h-index core method, the subjective selection results by faculty applying for higher professional titles, and the academic recognition method established in this research (Q1 Journal-Percentile in Subject Area-Category Normalized Citation Impact, Q1-PSA-CNCI), representative works were introduced into the Z-index to form the Zh, Zr and Zq-index, and the correlations between the indicators were analyzed. Compared with other methods, the number of representative works obtained by the Q1-PSA-CNCI method is more reasonable. There was significant correlation among the indicators (P < 0.05), with no significant difference in the Zq-index among faculty evaluated for different professional titles (P > 0.05). Studies have shown that the Q1-PSA-CNCI method could help to screen representative works and was more reasonable than the number of representative works selected based on the other two methods, so Zq-index could be used as an indicator for representative work evaluation to provide reference for the qualitative evaluation of papers. It is more reasonable to improve the review process with the participation of "small peers".

After the integration of Yangtze River Delta was elevated and developed into a national strategy, few domestic studies have been conducted to explore the integrated and collaborative development of biopharmaceutical industry in the Yangtze River Delta region, which, as an important region of biopharmaceutical industry in China, has initially formed the development mode of industrial clusters. In this study, based on the industry-university-research model of patent and fund project cooperation, the social network analysis (SNA) method is used to analyze and study the cooperation of patent and Major Projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China in the biopharmaceutical industry in the Yangtze River Delta region. The study shows that the industry-university-research cooperation in the biomedical field in the Yangtze River Delta region is still in the development stage and the degree of integration needs to be improved. Universities and research institutes are more inclined to cooperate with enterprises for invention patents and with other universities for fund project research.It is suggested that the Yangtze River Delta region should adopt the deep integration mode of industry-university-research, relevant leading scientific research institutions should establish open innovation platforms, and pharmaceutical universities should cultivate innovative talents with the advantages of their disciplines, and adopt "Revealing the List and Taking Command" or other ways to tackle key core technologies.

OBJECTIVES: To study the effect and mechanism of low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory injury of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs). METHODS: hPDLFs were inoculated into well plates and randomly divided into the normal group, LPS group, and LPS+LLLI group. The cells in the normal group were cultured in conventional medium. The hPDLFs in the LPS and LPS+LLLI groups were cultured in RPMI1640 medium containing 1 mg·L RESULTS: Compared with the normal group, the LPS group showed increased apoptosis rate of hPDLFs and intracellular free Ca CONCLUSIONS LLLI has a protective effect on the inflammatory injury of hPDLFs induced by LPS, and the effect is most obvious when the irradiation intensity is 4 J·cm
Cells, Cultured ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Interleukin-1beta ; Lasers ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Periodontal Ligament ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha