RNA interference(RNAi)is a post-transcriptional gene-silencing phenomenon which is triggered by double-stranded RNA(dsRNA).Attempts age being made to exploit RNAi in a clinical setting.However,before RNAi can be exploited as therepeutically,several obstacles must be overcome such as the efficient and safe delivery of siRNA into target tissues and cells.Any usefull delivery method should be desinged to target siRNA.

Effects of microfiltration membrane adsorption for eight types of pesticides with diverse physicochemical properties on direct injection liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method ( DI-LC-MS/MS) were investigated. The results showed that the adsorption effects ( AE,%) on the loss of signal detection at concentration of 2. 5 μg/L ranged from 8%-92%, 0%-81% and 2%-59% for nylon (NYL), polyethersulfone ( PES) and hydrophilic polypropylene ( GHP) membrane, respectively ( accumulated volume of feed is 1 mL). The pesticides with higher octanol-water partition coefficient (lgKow) values appeared to adsorb onto the membrane surface more readily than those with lower lgKow. The AE was found to be alleviated as the feed volume of samples increased to 10 mL, except the case of profenofos adsorption on PES membrane ( AE=9%) . The effects of PES membrane on the eight pesticides at initial individual concentration of 0 . 25 , 2. 5 and 25 μg/L were also studied. The results showed that, the lower the initial concentration of pesticides, the stronger adsorption effect under the same filtration conditions was obtained. Besides, it was effective in eliminating the membrane adsorption effects by adding 40% methanol ( V/V) into water samples as a modifier, which could consequently improve the accuracy of DI-LC-MS/MS.

Objective To evaluate the performance of antinuclear antibody (ANA) detection in clinical laboratories. Methods There were 2 external quality assessments ( EQA) for nuclear antibody detection. The panel consisting of 5 liquid serum samples was distributed. Each participants of the EQA program should include in their report the results, the methodological procedure and the kits used . All data were analyzed then distributed to all laboratories in our EQA program. Results During 2003 to 2005, more than 70% laboratories detected antinuclear antibody by using indirect immunofluorescence(IIF) method and the rate of acceptable response list were 94. 1% , 93. 0% and 98. 6% , respectively. We have got better result from signals fluorescence pattern such as homogeneous and speckled than multiplicity samples. A wide dispersion of ANA titers was obtained every year. We neceived different rate from different methods of anti-ENA detection and 90% laboratories used immunoblot method. For anti-dsDNA most participants gave us acceptable performance. Conclusions ANA detection in routine practice is far from being standardized. However, EQA can have an impact on ANA detection performance if it provides advice for participating laboratories to limited laboratory variations related to method, procedure and kits.

Objective To investigate the influence of nucleic acid extraction by boiling the serum samples and purifing nucleic acid from serum on HBV DNA detection by PCR. Methods The DNA templates from 2 serum samples with different HBV DNA concentration and 3 serum samples with hemolysis and non hemolysis for PCR were prepared by two kinds of method, i.e. by boiling the serum to release HBV DNA from the virus particles and by purifing the nucleic acid from serum. Then,the difference of reproducibility and HBV DNA quantitative values by PCR using the templates prepared by the two nucleic acid extraction methods was compared.Results HBV DNA quantitative values by PCR using the templates purified from the two samples were more reproducible( CV : 0.2165 and 0.3262, respectively) than those using the templates prepared by boiling the serum ( CV : 0.0699 and 0.1092, respectively). Moreover, when the concentration of hemoglobin in serum samples was higher than 5.89 ?g/L, the HBV DNA quantitative values by PCR using the templates purified from the samples were about one hundred fold more than those using the templates prepared by boiling the serum ( P

Objective To compare the real time flourescent quantitative HCV RNA PCR detective method with automated quantitative PCR (COBAS Amplicor) test. Methods The test panel consisted of 36 samples including one half ten fold dilution series of 7 samples, 20 HCV RNA positive samples, and 9 negative samples. We compared the two quantitive method, with their agreement for test results, intra assay variability, and linearity. Results The regression coefficient of linearity of COBAS Amplicor and real time flourescent quantitative method was 0.999 5 and 0.973 2, respectively. The inter assay coefficient of variation of COBAS Amplicor was lower than that of the real time flourescent quantitative method. A correlation co efficient between the HCV RNA titres as detected by the two methods was 0.845 ( P

Objective: To study the effects of the total flavonoids of tartary buckwheat germ (TFTBG) on serum lipid and antioxidation in hypercholesterolemic rats. Method: According to body weight,60 Wistar rats were divided randomly into 6 groups: normal control group (NC), high-fat control group (HFC), Jiaogulan positive control group (JPC, Gynostemma pantaphyllum total glucoside tablet 0.032g/kg bw),TFTBG 1.0,0.5and TFTBG 0.2 g/kg bw (HD,MD,LD) group. Except NC group, all other groups were fed high-fat diet for hyperlipidemia model. NC group and HFC group were given distilled water 10 ml/kg bw. Water and TFTBG were given by gavage once a day for 6 w respectively. Serum TG, TC HDL-C, LDL-C, apoA1, apoB, SOD, GSH-Px and MDA were determined. Results: Compared with HFC group, serum TG ,TC were lowered significantly(P

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of tiotropium and salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate powder for inhalation combined with noninvasive ventilator in the treatment of respiratory failure, and to provide reference for clinical treatment.Methods 72 patients with respiratory failure were randomly divided into treatment group (n=36) and control group (n=36).The patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group.Patients in the control group were treated with conventional noninvasive ventilators and treatment group were treated with tiotropium and salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate powder for inhalation on the basis of control group.Then compare the exercise tolerance, arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure, heart rate, pH, respiratory rate, blood oxygen pressure between two groups.Results After the treatment, condition of the patients in the two groups have different degrees of improvement.The final results showed that the average hospital stay was significantly reduced, respiratory frequency was(28 ±5) times/min in treatment group, heart rate was(98 ±16) times per minute, PaO2 also increased to(72 ±3) mmHg, PaCO2 was(57 ±17) mmHg, pH value increased to (7.42 ±0.03), compared with the control group, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05).Conclusion In patients with clinical implementation of tiotropium and seretide combined with non-invasive ventilator treatment of respiratory failure, can significantly improve the patient's condition, so that patients with respiratory function was significantly improved, so that the indicators of patients tend to normal.Its can effectively reduce PaCO2 , increased PaO2 and speed up its cure rate.

Objective: To analyse the composition and content of the fatty acid and unsaponifiable matters in both tartary buckwheat seed oil and buckwheat seed oil. Methods: Fatty acids were obtained by the methods of KOH-EtOH(95%) saponification and treatment of inorganic acid. They were analyzed and determined by gas chromatography and GC/MS chromatography respectively. Results: 4-5 kinds of fatty acid were determined in both oils, and the content of unsaturated fatty acids in tatary buckwheat oil was 83.2% ( oleic acid 47.1%, linoleic acid 36.1%), buckwheat oil was 81.8% ( oleic acid 35.8% , linoleic acid 40.2% and linolenic acid 5.8%). The content of unsaponifiable matters in tartary buckwheat seed oil was 6.56%(?-sitosterol 54.37%), and in buckwheat seed oil was 21.90%(?-sitosterol 57.29%,?-tocopherol 1.41%). Conclusion: Both buckwheat oils were functional vegetable oils.

Objective To explore the effect of prevention of hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with hyperhydration, forced diuresis and alkalinizing plus infusion mesna. Methods 32 cases of patients receiving HSCT were included in this study. 2 cases of severe aplastic anemia (SAA) received total body irradiation (TBI)+cyclophosphamide(CTX)(TBI-CTX) regimen,and the remaining 30 patients were using the classic busulfan+CTX (BU+CTX) regimen. All patients were treated with mesna combined with hydration, forced diuresis and alkalization to prevent HC. Ganciclovir and acyclovir were used to prevent cytomegalovirus (CMV) and other viral infections and monitor CMV-IgM levels of the blood. Encourage patients to urinate every hour, testing urine pH value and the calculation of urine output, every 6 h review and testing of urine routine,central venous pressure (CVP), each of 8 h of serum electrolytes. Results Only 1 patient at 6 months after transplantation appeared delayed grade Ⅱ HC after hydration, alkalization, diuretic, hemostatic, anti-graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and ganciclovir antiviral therapy. The HC patients cured at 35 d. The remaining patients did not suffer HC. Adverse effects such as acid-base balance disturbance did not appear clear. Conclusion Mesna joint hydration, forced diuresis and alkalization was effective and safe to prevent HC.

Objective To establish a statistics internal quality control method for false-positive in clinical qualitative immunoassays.Methods When the positive rates are normal distribution, the half-Levey-Jennings chart can be used. Based on the positive rates of more than 20 runs routine tests, mean value and standard deviation (SD) were calculated and quality control chart was plotted.The control rules are 1_ +2S for out-of-control.For non-normal distribution data, elementary probability calculation could be used.ResultsThe half-Levey-Jennings chart and elementary probability calculation are suitable for statistics internal quality control method for false-positive in clinical qualitative immunoassays.Conclusion The proposed internal quality control statistics method for false-positive monitoring in clinical qualitative immunoassays is practical and useful.