Objective: To make further evaluation on the efficacy and safety of Chuan Shen Tong Injection (CSTI) on benign prostatic hyperplasia with blood-stasis syndrome. Methods: A self-contrast between pre-and post-treatment and multicenter trial was carried out in 2090 subjects treated with CSTI over 4 weeks. Results: The markedly effective rate of CSTI in controlling symptoms is 60.77 %and the total effective rate is up to 91.67 %. Conclusion: Chuan Shen Tong Injection is effective and safe in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia with blood-stasis syndrome.

Autophagy, a cellular housekeeping process, is indispensable to controlling the homeostasis of cytoplasm by removing unused proteins and damaged cell organelles. This process involves different types of human diseases, including cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and infectious diseases. Neurodegeneration is a critical pathological process of many eye diseases, such as glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. The retina and all intraocular cells are constantly exposed to environmental stress and injuries, including oxidative stress and starvation, which lead to autophagy. Autophagy promotes cell survival through the recycling of metabolic precursors, or promotes cell death if autophagy is over-active. Additionally, autophagy and apoptosis have been shown to be harmonious or contrasting, depending on different experimental contexts. All of this contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases. This paper reviews the mechanisms and regulation involved in autophagy, current understandings of neuronal autophagy in glaucoma and retina and strategies for therapeutic modulation.

Objective To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of Capsule Long-Bi-Xiao(LBX) in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).Methods 64 patients of deficiency of Qi and blood stasis type suffered with BPH were randomly divided into two groups.30 patients in the control group were treated with Capsule Long-Bi-Shu,while other 34 patients in the treated group were treated with LBX.Each group was observed for there months respectively.Results LBX decreased the international index of prostatic symptom(I-Pss) and the bother score(BS),improved the prostatic symptoms,raised the peak flow rate(Qmax) and the average flow rate(Qave),shrinked a portion of patients′ volume of prostate gland,reduced the volume of residual urine.After treatment,in the treated group,I-PSS and BS were reduced distinctly,and Qmax and Qave were heightened obviously,which was more effective than those in the control group.Conclusion LBX can achieve good action in the therapy of BPH by improving clinical symptoms,diminishing the volume of prostate and ameliorating the difficulty of urination.

Objective To set up a stable and reliable method used to identify and control the quality of Oviductas Ranae.Methods Using HPLC method to measure ten batches of Oviductas Ranae samples in order to establish the fingerprint.Chromatographic condition: Dimonsil C 18 column (250 mm?4.6 mm, 5 ?m), the temperature of column is 25 ℃, mobile phase: acetonitrile-H2O (50∶50), analytical time 60 min. Results The HPLC fingerprints of acetone extracts were detected from ten different Oviductas Ranae medicinal materials.Conclusion Under the chromatographic condition, 17 common peaks of correlated position could be detected and used to definite the index peak of Oviductas Ranae.

Objective: To better understand the antagonistic effect of Xiao Long Tong Bi (XLTB), a Chinese herb medicine, on α1-adrenoceptor (α1-AR). Methods: (1) Radio ligand binding assay . Specific　125I-BE2254(2-β(4-hdroxyphenyl)-ethyl amino-methyl-tetralone) binding was measured by incubating membrane of canine cerebral cortex with a single concentration of　125I-BE2254 in the presence of 15 concentrations of XLTB. Half-effectual concentration of inhibition (IC50) and Hill coefficients (nH) were determined by Hill plots. (2) Contractile responses of rat prostate strip in vitro were determined. pKB values for XLTB in competitively inhibiting NE-stimulated contraction of tissues were measured by the method of Ainlakshana. Results: XLTB competitively inhibited binding of　125I-BE2254 to α1-AR in a concentration -dependent manner. IC50 values for XLTB in canine cerebral cortex were (34.0±6.0)　g*L－1, the Hill efficiency value (0.7±0.1) was significantly decreased from unity. Contractile studies showed that XLTB competitively antagonized the NE concentration-response curve with pKB values of (37.0±11.0) g*L－1 or (30.0±8.0) g*L－1 when XLTB concentration was 70 g*L－1 or 170 g*L－1, respectively. The pKB values for XLTB in antagonizing NE-induced contraction of tissues were showed to fit in well with the IC50 values on rat prostate. Conclusion: These results suggest that XLTB appears to be a competitive antagonist for α1-AR.

Objective To observe the toxicity of fangyouling after one month’s transdermal administration in rabbits and evaluate its security. Methods Forty rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups including a control group and low,middle and high dose groups of fangyouling. The rabbits in the control group were administered with sunflower oil,and the other rabbits were administrated dermally with fangyouling of 50,300 and 2 000 mg/kg respectively once a day for 4 weeks. The general con?dition,the skin irritation reaction,body weight,food consumption,hematology,blood biochemistry,organ coefficients and his?topathological changes of all the rabbits were observed. Results There was no obvious effect on the general condition in all the rabbits. However,the mild skin irritation was observed in 2 rabbits of the middle dose group and 4 rabbits of the high?dose group. The decreases of body weight and food consumption were noted in the high dose group. No changes were detected of hema?tology,blood biochemistry or viscera pathological at all dose levels. Conclusion The dose of non?toxic response of fangyouling is 50 mg/kg at this study condition.

Objective To evaluate the curative effect and safety of Niaoshit on g pill in the treatment of urinary calculus.Method Multi- center randomized co ntrolled clinical trial was adopted. Three hundred and twenty cases were accepte d to the study, in which 200 cases were treated by Niaoshitong pill and 120 case s by Shilintong tablet as control. The effect of both groups was observed. Resul t 107 cases (53.5 % ) were cured, 53 cases(26.5 % ) effective, the total effe ctive rate being 80.0 % in the treatment group, and 27 cases(24.5 % ), 42 cas es (38.2 % ), and 62.7 % respectively in the control group. In a open group of 120 cases ,54 cases (45.0 % ) were cured, 44 cases (36.6 % ) were effective , the total effective rate being 81,6 % .Conclusion Niaoshitong pill can mark edly improve the clinical symptoms and exerts a strong lithagogue effect. It can promote the elimination of calculi after external blast lithotrity or ureterosc opic lithotrity, prevent the formation of 'stone street', and reduce the strictu re formed by the damage of ureter.

Objective To evaluate the roles of positron emission tomography (PET) with N-methyl [11C]2-(4' -methylaminophenyi-6-hydroxybenzathiazole) (11C-PIB) in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods Six AD patients,7 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients and 6 normal controls (NC) were diagnosed and assessed with brain PET with 11C-PIB.The emission images obtained at 5,25 and 45 min after 11C-PIB administration were analysed.Results Using visual analysis to summarize the characteristics of the imagings of each group: comparing to NC,the AD patients show high 11C -PIB up take,and low clearance rate of 11C-PIB at 45 min.The imagings of MCI group show heterogeneous,overlapping with AD and NC group.The statistical analysis shows: in AD group,the standard uptake value (SUV) ratio of parietal lobe,frontal lobe,temporal lobe,occipital lobe and hippocampal at 45 min was 1.91±0.21,2.09±0.41,1.92±0.35,1.66±0.41,1.55±0.28 respectively,and were higher than that of NC group (value being 1.48±0.53,1.57±0.64,1.36±0.53,1.27±0.40,1.17±0.33) with statistical significance,t=8.114,5.620,5.705,3.650 and 2.866,P=0.0001,0.0002,0.0002,0.0045 and 0.0170 respectively.In MCI group,the SUV ratio of parietal lobe,frontal lobe,temporal lobe,occipital lobe and hippocampal at 45 min was 1.48 ± 0.53,1.57 ± 0.64,1.36±0.53,1.27 ± 0.40,1.17±0.33 respectively,and were higher than that of NC group,but there was no statistical significance.Conclusion 11C-PIB PET imaging can differentiate AD patients from normal and anticipate the transformation of MCI patients.

BACKGROUND:At present, some neurological imaging methods, including MRI, fMRI, 2-(1-(6-[(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)(methyl)amino]-2-naphthyi) ethylidene) malononitrile (18F-FDDNP) positron emission tomography (PET), are helpful but not specific for the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD). 18F-FDG is a special marker of beta-amyloid (Aβ), thus AD can be diagnosed by 18F-FDDNP PET at early period.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of 18F-FDDNP PET in the diagnosis of AD, and establish reliable clinical biological indexes for the diagnosis of AD patients.DESIGN: A controlled analysis.SETTINGS : Department of Geriatric Neurology and Department of Nuclear Medicine, the General Hospital of Chinese PLA. PARTICIPANTS: Patients visiting the General Hospital of Chinese PLA from May 2004 to March 2005 were selected. Informed consents were obtained from all the participants. ① AD group (n =7): (74.88±12.03) years old; Accorded with the criteria related to diagnosis of AD in NINCDS/ADRDA (National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke/Alzheimer Disease and Related Disease Association) and revision of Diagnostic and statistical Manual (DSM-Ⅳ, 4th ed.); brain CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination displayed that inter-uncus distance of temporal lobes was ≥ 30 mm. ② Vascular dementia group (n =6): (73.83±4.75) years old; Accorded with the diagnostic criteria of NINDS-AIREN (National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, USA) and DSM-Ⅳ for vascular dementia; Inter-uncus distance of temporal lobes ＜ 30 mm. ③ Control group (n =6): (71.17±3.71) years old; Without rarefaction of white matter; Intelligence examination was normal.METHODS: PET was performed in all the subjects. PET scanner type was SEIMENS ECAT EXACT HR. The tracer selected was 18F-FDDNP which had radiochemical purity higher than 95% and error of radioactivity measurement lower than 10%. The images were collected at 5, 25 and 45 minutes after injection of 18F-FDDNP. Horizontal and coronary tomograms of brain were obtained after reconstruction.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Characteristics of 18F-FDDNP brain PET images.RESULTS: ① In the control group, signs of obvious atrophy of brain were not seen. At about 45 minutes, the radioactivity in cortex and subcortical nucleus groups was essentially cleared and the structures of brain could not be differentiated clearly. ② In the vascular dementia group, brain atrophy and enlargement of ventricular system to various degrees could be seen. The clearance of radioactivity at three time points was similar to that in the control images. ③ In the AD group, the brain was obviously atrophied and the ventricular system was enlarged. The clearance of radioactivity at the three time points was significantly different from the images of other two groups. The radioactivity in cortex and hippocampus was cleared slower. At 45 minutes, the gray matter could still be clearly differentiated from the white matter, but the radioactivity in corpus striatum and thalamus was not higher than that in cortex and much radioactivity retention could be seen in cortex and hippocampus.CONCLUSION: 18F-FDDNP PET brain images can differentiate AD and vascular dementia, and it is an effective imaging index for the diagnosis of AD.

Objective To investigate the changes in cytotoxicity of DC-CIK cells to human multiple myeloma RPMI 8226 cells before and after treatment with oridonin. Methods Normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and induced to obtain DC-CIK cells. Cytotoxicity of DC-CIK cells against RPMI 8226 cells which were treated by oridonin was analyzed by LDH releasing assay. The variation for expression of NKG2D ligands on RPMI 8226 cells were measured by flow cytometry. Results DC-CIK cells were successfully induced from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells. At the same effector to target ratio, oridonin obviously enhanced the cytotocixity of DC-CIK cells against RPMI 8226 cells (P<0.01). Flow cytometry showed the expression of NKG2D ligands ULBP1 of RPMI8226 cells was most significantly increased as the cells were treated by oridonin [(9.19 ± 1.85) vs. (15.47 ± 0.67), P<0.01]. Correlation analysis indicated that cytotocixity was positively correlated with changes in ULBP1. Conclusions Oridonin can improve the cytotoxicity of DC-CIK cells against RPMI 8226 cells, which may be related with the increased expressions of NKG2D ligands on the tumor cell surface.