It has been a sub - rale in hospital that many doctors and hospitals themselves try every means to get maxinoum interests from patients in many places. Througyh the " Hu Wei Min" case, this essay analyzed the reasons and drawbacks of asking extra money from patients and discussed related social ethical problems and therefore brings out a counter - plans to solue the problem.

Photoacoustic flow cytometry (PAFC) is a novel flow cytometry which integrates high-pulse repetition-rate lasers,fast signal acquisition algorithms and focused ultrasound transducers to assess deep vessels.The technical principle is that the cells in blood or lymph flow are irradiated with several laser beams with different wavelengths,then laser-induced PT effects are detected by corresponding schematics.PAFC is characterized by its high efficiency,no invasion and real-time detection,which makes it possible to detect tumor cells in circulation or in lymphatic system dynamically and in real time.So for,it is considered as one of the most promising techniques in cancer research.This article will address the principle,application and several problems of PAFC.

Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Logistic Models ; Risk Factors

Objective To explore the correlation between 18F-FLT SUVmax and intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) in NSCLC patients.Methods From January 2008 to December 2010,68 patients (48males and 20 females; age ranging from 36 to 84 years) with NSCLC underwent 18F-FLT PET/CT followed by surgery within two weeks.Tumor proliferation was evaluated in terms of Ki67 labeling index (LI) with SP.MVD was determined using anti-CD31 mAb (CD31-MVD),anti-CD34 mAb (CD34-MVD) and anti-CD105 mAb (CD105-MVD) for each resected tumor.Linear correlation analysis was used to analyze data.Results The mean values of CD31-MVD,CD34-MVD and CD105-MVD were 159.6,166.1,and 38.0 per view field,respectively.Tumor SUVmax was 4.1±2.9,and Ki67 LI was (37.0± 14.5) ％,both of which had significantly correlations with CD105-MVD (r=0.550,0.633 ; both P＜0.05),but there was no significant relationship between SUVmax and CD31-MVD,CD34-MVD (r=0.228,0.235; both P＞0.05).Conclusion 18F-FLT PET/CT imaging has a positive relationship with CD105-MVD of NSCLC,and it could reflect the ability of tumor angiogenesis.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the spasmolytic effect of baked Radix Vladimiriae on in vitro intestinal muscle in rabbits. METHODS:Magnus in vitro intestinal muscle accumulative dose method was adopted to observe the dose-effect relationship of petroleum ether parts of baked Radix Vladimiriae with in vitro intestinal muscle of rabbits and its impact on the spasm of rabbit intestinal muscle induced by acetylcholine, histamine phosphate and Bacl2. RESULTS:There was a certain dose-effect relationship between petroleum ether parts of baked Radix Vladimiriae and spasmolytic mechanism of rabbit in vitro intestine. It showed the effect of acetylcholine, histamine phosphate and Bacl2. CONCLUSION:The inhibition effect of petroleum ether parts of baked Radix Vladimiriae on normal in vitro intestinal muscle increase as long as dose increase. The inhibition mechanism may be associated with acetylcholine competing with histamine to block M receptor and H1 receptor as well as to inhibit excitability of intestinal muscle.

To explore the influence of matrix materials in complicate ingredients on traditional Chinese medicine and investigate the excipients selection model based on balanced release characteristics of multicomponents, the influence of HPMC (K4M, K15M, K100M) and Carbomer (934P, 971P, 974P) was illustrated by testing in vitro release of ginsenoside-Rg1, ginsenoside-Rb1 and notoginsenoside-R1 in Panax notoginseng saponins (model drug, PNS). According to in vitro release results of PNS matrix tablets in water and artificial intestinal juice, the release curves were analyzed with Peppas equation and simulating factor (f). Significant differences in k value and n value among ginsenoside-Rg1, ginsenoside-Rb1 and notoginsenoside-R1 existed in various formulations. The release behaviors from various excipients could be described with Non-Fickian transport or super Case II transport pattern. The f2 values for ginsenoside-Rg1, ginsenoside-Rb1 and notoginsenoside-R1 in 971P matrix tablet containing 30% Carbomer 971P were 74.91, 53.45, 57.89 in water and 79.35, 55.51, 51.89 in artificial intestinal juice, respectively. The release profiles fit for the regulation of FDA. The result revealed that the balanced release rates of Rg1, Rb1 and R1 in 971P matrix tablet were obtained.

The chemical ingredients of sediments from single Radix Aconiti Lateralis (Fuzi, in Chinese) decoction and Radix Aconiti Lateralis-Radix Glycyrrhizae (Gancao, in Chinese) decoction were evaluated separately by HPLC-MS for exploring their ingredients difference and discussing the mechanism of toxicity reduction of Fuzi-Gaocao herb-pair, even providing the experimental basis for extracting and purifying process of TCM preparations containing Fuzi-Gancao herb-pair. The sediments samples from single Fuzi decoction (FD) and Fuzi-Gaocao decoction (FGD) were prepared separately firstly. Then these samples were analyzed in the same chromatographic and mass spectrometry condition, estimating their HPLC-MS fingerprint and identifying their compounds by Q-TOFMS. As a result, 28 compounds in sediments samples from FD were obtained, among which 25 compounds and structures were confirmed. Besides, 36 compounds in sediments samples from FGD sample were obtained including 34 confirmed compounds and structures, among which there were 11 compounds from Gancao and 25 compounds from Fuzi. However, according to these confirmed compounds, alkaloids compounds in sediments samples from FGD were significantly different from that in sediments samples from FD. This result showed the fact that there would be some influences on alkaloid compounds in decoction after the combination of Gancao. In this study, the experiment basis of the mechanism of toxicity reduction of Fuzi-Gaocao herb-pair is provided. It also showed that much attention should be paid to the fact that there were great amount of alkaloid compounds, the effective compounds, in the sediments for which a comprehensive utilization in clinic and pharmaceutical process should be noted.

Objective To explore the regulating effects of Egr-1 promoter activated by ionizing radiation (IR) and doxorubicin (ADM) on the expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) genes. Methods The human GM-CSF cDNA and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) cDNA were linked together with IRES(internal ribosome entry site) and then inserted into the expression vector pCIneo under control of the Egr-1 promoter(Egr-EG). The vector was transferred into human bone marrow stromal cell line HFCL by liposome transfection. And the cells were exposure to ADM and IR. The activity of EGFP in HFCL/EG cells were detected by FACS. The effect of N-acetylcysteine on the expression of EGFP following exposure to ADM and IR was examined. The amounts of GM-CSF in HFCL/EG after chemotherapy or radiation were measured with ELISA. The effects of GM-CSF in HFCL/EG cultural supernatants on expansion of CFU-GM derived from cord blood were also studied. RT-PCR analysis for the expression of GM-CSF mRNA in HFCL/EG after exposure to ADM or IR. Results The percentage of EGFP+ HFCL/EG cells exposed to ADM and IR was increased compared with non-treatment group (1.2 % and 15.2 % vs 18.2 %, t = 5.11, P < 0.01). The levels of secreted GM-CSF in HFCL/EG cells exposed to ADM and IR was increased (P < 0.01), but no difference between ADM group and IR group (P 0.05). The expression of EGFP by HFCL/EG treated with ADM and IR was significantly decreased by N-acetylcysteine. The effects of GM-CSF in HFCL/EG cultural supernatants on expansion of CFU-GM in ADM group and IR group were significantly higher than that in HFCL group and non-treatment group. However, The CFU-GM count of IR group was higher than that of ADM group. The expression of GM-CSF mRNA in HFCL/EG cells exposed to ADM and IR was significantly increased(t = 4.37, P < 0.01). Conclusions GM-CSF gene expression regulated by Egr-1 promoter induced by ADM and IR could help the recovery from hematopoietic injury.

Objective To test the protective immunity in mice induced by recombinant Schistosoma japonicum Sj14FABP through several adjuvant formulations. Methods The recombinant Schistosoma japonicum Sj14FABP was prepared by expression in E. coli as a GST fusion protein (rSj14/GST) and used to vaccinate outbred Kunming mice by using complete Freund's adjuvant (FCA)/incomplete Freund's adjuvant (FIA), Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and the immunostimulating complex (ISCOM) as adjuvant respectively. Results The purified recombinant protein rSj14/GST was immunogenic in mice, and 34.3% and 36.0% worm reduction rates were obtained in outbred Kunming mice immunized intradermally with BCG adjuvant and immunized subcutaneously with ISCOM adjuvant respectively, compared with non-vaccinated control group. However, intramuscularly vaccination with rSj14/GST in FCA/FIA was not protective, although the high level of IgG antibody was induced. Conclusion Both BCG and ISCOM are suitable adjuvants for rSj14/GST.

Objective To synthesize 2-(5-[18 F] fluoro-pentyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid (18 F-ML-10) and to investigate the biodistribution in mice and the primary clinical application.Methods 18F-ML-10 was synthesized by domestic synthesis module MF-2V-IT-1.Quality control of the probe was performed after automated synthesis.The biological characteristics of 18F-ML-10 were assessed by biodistribution assay on male Kunming mice and microPET imaging on a male SD rat.Six patients with brain metastasis (4males,2 females,and age 21-68 years) were enrolled in this study.18F-ML-10 PET images were acquired before and at 48 h after radiotherapy.SUVmean and SUVmax of ROI were calculated.GTV changes were measured by MRI before and 3 months after radiotherapy.Response of brain metastasis to radiotherapy was assessed by PET imaging with 18F-ML-10.Two-sample t test was used.Results The non-corrected radiochemical yield of 18F-ML-10 was (26.5±7.3)％ with acceptable quality.The radiochemical purity exceeded 99％.18F-ML-10 was excreted through the kidneys,and the radiouptake in the blood was declined rapidly.The radiotracer accumulation was low in most of other organs.The testis showed a significant uptake.The SUVmean and SUVmax after radiotherapy (5.54±2.72 and 7.29±3.09) were significantly higher than the baseline values(3.81±1.13 and 4.97±1.05;t=2.670,2.663,both P＜0.05).The GTV after radiotherapy was significantly lower than the baseline value:(13.14±9.39) cm3 vs (23.34± 18.13) cm3;t =3.002,P＜0.05.Conclusions 18F-ML-10 could be synthesized reliably and repeatedly by domestic synthesis module.It has satisfactory properties in vivo and is probably suitable for early assessment of the response to radiotherapy in patients with brain metastasis.