ObjectiveTo observe the dynamic changes of blood perfusion and hypoxic status by CT perfusion imaging and hypoxia imaging in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after treatment with recombinant human endostatin (RHES). MethodsA total 15 patients with NSCLC were randomly divided into treatment group (n = 10) and control group (n = 5). The patients in treatment group continuouly received the treatment with RHES (7.5 mg/m2) by intravenous infusion for ten days, and CT perfusion imaging and hypoxia imaging were performed at day 1, 5 and 10,respectively. The time window' was observed with the blood perfusion status and hypoxic changes.ResultsIn the treatment group, capillary permeability surface (PS) and tumor to normal tissue (T/N) were firstly decreased, and then increased. Their lowest points occurred at about the fifth day. PS showed statistical significance compared with the first day (q1.5 = 12.05, P＜0.01 ) and no significance compared with the tenth day(q10.5 = 2.79, P=0.69), while T/N showed a significant difference between above time points (q1.5 = 73.81, q10.5 = 20.6, P = 0.00).Blood flow (BF) was firstly increased, and then decreased.Its highest point appeared at about the fifth day with statistical significance compared with the first and tenth day (q1.5 = 12.29, q10.5 = 10.48, P＜0.01 ). All the PS,BF and T/N between the fifth day in treatment group and the control group showed statistically significance (all P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions The time window of recombinant human endostatin improving blood perfusion and hypoxic status in non-small cell lung cancer is within about one week after administration.

Objective To investigate the significance of digital tomosynthesis (DTS) for suspicions lesions in the physical examination of the chest.Methods Totally 1 000 physical examinees were divided into two groups,with 500 younger ones in one group and the remained 500 ones in the other.The examinees underwent examination with digital X-ray radiography,and then the suspicious cases went through DTS examination to analyze the detection rate of pulmonary positive results.Results There were 110 suspected cases found by digital X-ray radiography,including 8 young ones and 102 old ones.The suspected cases went through DTS examination,and totally 92 nodules were found including 4 ones in the young persons and 88 ones in old persons.CT examination found 89 carcinomatous nodules in the 92 ones.Conclusion DTS examination can detect the lesion of the physical examinee,and lays a foundation for early diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose To explore the relationship between the change of space anterior to right portal vein and the pathological staging in liver ifbrosis/cirrhosis. Materials and Methods Plain and contrast enhanced CT scan were performed in patients with biopsy proven liver ifbrosis/cirrhosis including S1 in 17 patients, S2 in 13 patients, S3 in 15 patients, S4 in 21 patients and cirrhosis in 22 patients. Twenty subjects were included as control group. The width of anterior space of right portal vein was measured on contrast enhanced CT and correlated with ifbrosis staging. The receiver operating characteristic curve was created for cirrhosis diagnosis. Results The width of anterior space of right portal vein enlarged in patients with S3 ifbrosis to cirrhosis (P<0.05 or P<0.01). It was signiifcantly bigger in group S4 compared to other groups (P<0.01). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed significant positive correlation between the width of anterior space and liver fibrosis staging (r=0.704, P<0.01). ROC curve analysis showed the area under curve (AUC) of 0.897 with the optimum width of ≥10 mm. Conclusion The change in the space anterior to the right portal vein is positively correlated with live ifbrosis staging. CT measurement helps early diagnose and assess the severity of liver ifbrosis and cirrhosis.

Objective To investigate whether Ulinastatin (UTI) would minimize the systemic inflammatory response,lessen cardiac dysfunction and protect neurons against injury in hippocampus CA1area after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Methods Animal models of cardiac arrest were established in 24 New Zealand rabbits,and those animals were randomly (random number) divided into control group and UTI treated group after ROSC.Changes in the levels of plasma inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 were assayed before cardiac arrest and 4,8,12 and 16 hours after ROSC.Cardiac function including FS,EF and E/A were observed with ultrasonography before cardiac arrest and 4,8,12 and 16hours after ROSC,and viable and apoptotic neurons in hippocampus CA1 area and infiltrations of MPO positive cells in myocardium,cerebrum,liver,kidney and intestine were counted 72 hours after ROSC.The t-test or Mann-Whitney rank sum test was used to verify the specified theoretical distribution functions of the biomarkers tested by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test,POST HOC test was used for the multiple comparisons,and Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between inflammatory cytokines and cardiac function. Results The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in UTI group were lower than those in control group as those data got 4,8,12 and 16 hours after ROSC (P ＜0.05).EF and E/A in UTI treated group were higher than those in the control group as those data got 4,8,12 hours after ROSC.FS values obtained 4 h and 8 hours after ROSC were higher in UTI group than those in control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The Pearson correlation analysis showed that the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 significantly correlated with EF after ROSC.The number of viable neurons in CA1 area of control group was ( 13.22 ± 0.97) which was lower than that in UTI group ( 16.89 ± 1.45 ) ( P =0.003 ),while the number of apoptotic neurons in hippocampus CA1 area was higher in control group than that in UTI group (15.67 ± 1.37) vs.(13.67 ± 1.03 ) (P =0.019).The numbers of MPO positive cells were significantly lower in liver,kidney and intestine in group UTI than those in control group. Conclusions UTI could inhibit the infiltration of MPO positive cells in liver,kidney and intestine,decreasing the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in plasma,in turn lessening cardiac dysfunction and protecting neurons from injury in hippocampus CA1 area after ROSC of New Zealand rabbits.

Objective:To explore the feasibility and clinical effect of emergency lateral thigh muscle transfer in functional reconstruction of major traumatic muscle defects.Methods:Emergency surgeries for 8 patients(7 males and 1 female) with muscle defects were carried out subject to emergently reconstruct the power of lateral femoral muscle superficial region, between March 2020 and December 2021, in the Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery Hospital, Xi'an Fengcheng Hospital. The 8 patients were 23 to 52 years old with an average of 37.6 years old. Five patients injured by machine crush, 2 by heavy object crush and 1 by traffic accident. Five patients were in Gustilo III B injury in forearm, including 2 with flexor muscle group defects, 2 with extensor muscle group defects and 1 with defect of dorsal metacarpal flexor muscle and extensor muscle. Among the 5 patients, 2 patients had the defects in left forearm and 3 in right forearm. One patient had defect of right 1st metacarpal bone and skin and thenar muscle. One patient suffered a complete right upper arm detachment with musculocutaneous nerve being drawn out from the bicipital muscle. One patient had Gustilo III C injury in the right calf with defects of extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum. The areas of soft tissue defect were 10.0 cm×8.0 cm-36.0 cm×11.0 cm and the size of flaps was 12.0 cm×6.0 cm-38.0 cm×12.0 cm with the volumes of excised muscle at 18.0 cm×9.0 cm×1.5 cm-10.0 cm×2.0 cm×1.0 cm. The anatomical cross-section and length of the corresponding muscle on the healthy side were measured by musculoskeletal ultrasound. The chimeric tissue flap was designed on the anterolateral side of the thigh. The flap was designed according to the size of the wound and the corresponding flap. Then 1 or 2 muscle tissue blocks were designed and cut from the superficial region of the lateral femoral muscle according to the condition of the muscle defect, to cover the wound and reconstruct the muscle power. Postoperative follow-ups were conducted by scheduled hospital visit. The contents of follow-up included dynamic observation, evaluation and record through musculoskeletal ultrasound, electromyography and strength of muscle.Results:For the 8 patients who were subject to a muscle reconstruction, the transferred muscles and flaps survived in stage-one without vascular event. Postoperative follow-ups lasted for 10 to 32 months with an average of 19.6 months. The strength of muscle was evaluated according to the M 4 strength of muscle. Strength of muscle restored to M 4 or above in 7 patients who could lift, hook or push a heavy object in 5-30 kg of weight, with free joint movement. One patient restored the strength of muscle to M 3+. Muscle contraction was detected 2-4 months after surgery by musculoskeletal B ultrasound. The average ratio of contraction to resting cross sectional area in 5 cases was 1.45±0.42. The shape of limb was bilaterally symmetrical. There was no discomfort in the donor site and knee joint. The flaps were soft and glossy, with protective sensation restored. Conclusion:Muscle transfer from the lateral femoral muscle superficial region in emergency surgery for functional reconstruction of traumatic muscle defects is feasible and effective with a good clinical effect.

Objective:To investigate the long-term effects of porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) biologic mesh in open Lichtenstein tension-free hernia repair.Methods:The prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. The clinical data of 76 patients with unilateral inguinal hernia who underwent open Lichtenstein tension-free hernia repair in 2 medical centers (52 cases in Tianjin People′s Hospital and 24 cases in China-Japan Friendship Hospital) from August 2013 to March 2014 were selected. Based on random number method, patients were allocated into two groups. Patients undergoing Lichtenstein tension-free hernia repair using Biodesign Surgisis mesh were allocated into control group, and patients undergoing Lichtenstein tension-free hernia repair using SIS biologic mesh were allocated into experiment group. Observa-tion indicators: (1) grouping situations of the enrolled patients; (2) postoperative long-term effects. Follow-up was conducted using telephone interview, text message or mail to detect hernia recurrence or death due to other reasons as the end-point event of patients up to December 2019. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented by M (range), and comparison between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were described as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Results:(1) Grouping situations of the enrolled patients: a total of 76 patients were selected for eligibility. There were 38 cases in the control group and the experiment group, respectively. The number of males and females, age, body mass index, cases with intraspinal anesthesia or local anesthesia (anesthesia method), cases with inguinal hernia on the left side or on the right side, cases classified as type Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ or Ⅴ of Gilbert classification, operation time of the control group were 35, 3, (56±15)years, (23.0±2.0)kg/m 2, 22, 16, 16, 22, 9, 16, 0, 11, 2 and (49±15)minutes, respectively. The above indicators of the experiment group were 34, 4, (54±13)years, (22.9±2.2)kg/m 2, 17, 21, 14, 24, 9, 21, 1, 7, 0, and (53±21)minutes, respectively. There was no significant difference in the above indicators between the two groups ( χ2=0.157, t=0.532, 0.367, χ2=1.317, 0.220, Z=-0.315, t=-0.765, P>0.05). (2) Post-operative long-term effects: 35 patients of the control group were followed up for (68.8±2.7)months, 4 cases of which died due to other reasons, 1 case had hernia recurrence, 1 case had chronic pain and no foreign body sensation and postoperative infection occurred. Thirty-one patients of the experiment group were followed up for (68.8±2.7)months, with no death or above complications. There was no significant difference in hernia recurrence or chronic pain between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The long-term effects of biological mesh in open Lichtenstein tension-free hernia repair is satisfactory and there is no difference in the long-term effects between the domestic SIS biological mesh and Biodesign Surgisis mesh.

Objective:To explore the feasibility of functional reconstruction of muscle power in treatment of traumatic muscle defects by transferring part of superficial vastus of lateral thigh.Methods:From March 2020 to March 2023, reconstruction of muscle power with transfer of superficial lateral thigh muscle was performed on 9 patients in the Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery of Xi'an Fengcheng Hospital. Nine patients were assigned in a study group. A total of 48 patients who previously had the surgery of chimerically grafted superficial vastus of lateral thigh were recruited as the "previous surgery group" and another group of 71 staff volunteers from our hospital were recruited as the "healthy control group". Of the study group, 5 patients had Gustilo type ⅢB injury in forearm (two with defects of flexor muscle group and 3 with extensor muscle group, 2 with the defects in the left and 3 in the right), one had defect of both flexor and extensor muscle groups in dorsal hand, one had defect of right 1st metacarpal with defects of soft tissue and thenar muscle, one had a completely severed right upper arm with a withdrawn musculocutaneous nerve from the biceps brachii and one had Gustilo ⅢC injury in right calf with defects of tibialis anterior, extensor longus and extensor phalangeal muscle. In the emergency surgery, part of the superficial muscles of lateral thigh were taken to reconstruct the muscular power for the defected traumatic muscles. During the surgery, the excessed nerve with a length of 3.0 cm proximally was removed at 3.0 cm from the point where the nerve entered the muscle. In the transfer of superficial chimeric muscle of lateral thigh, a 3.0 cm of sample nerve tissue was taken for HE staining to find out the number of nerve fibers. Musculoskeletal ultrasonography, electromyography and muscle strength test were performed in the postoperative follow-up for observations and evaluations of the effects of surgery. Average length and thickness of muscle were taken from the 48 patients in the "previous surgery group". The measurement was compared with the length of muscle fibers and the number of nerve fibers in the gracilis muscle of the 9 patients in study group. The cross-sectional areas (SCA) at contraction state (C) and resting state (R) of the superficial vastus of lateral thigh were taken from the 71 volunteers in the healthy control group, and the C/R ratio was calculated (CR value). All the 9 patients were included in the postoperative follow up by outpatient visits and via telephone or internet reviews to observe the recovery of muscle strength of the reconstruction of muscle dynamics.Results:In the study group, the number of nerve fibers shown by immunohistochemical HE staining was 1 088±213, with the CR value of graft muscle measured by musculoskeletal ultrasonography at 1.44±0.17. The wound healed smoothly without complication. The average time of postoperative follow-up for the 9 patients was 22.6 (10-38) months. Recovery of muscle strength was found at M5 in 6 patients and M4 in 3 patients. The appearance of the joints was normal. In the previous surgery group, the average muscle thickness of the superficial vastus lateralis muscle was 1.74 cm±0.35 cm and the length of muscle fiber was 8.86 cm±1.59 cm. In the healthy control group, the CR value of the superficial muscle vastus of lateral thigh was found at 1.17±0.12.Conclusion:Reconstruction of muscular power with partial muscle transfer of the superficial vastus of lateral thigh is proposed in this study.

The heterogeneity of exhausted T cells (Tex) is a critical determinant of immune checkpoint blockade therapy efficacy. However, few studies have explored exhausted T cell subpopulations in human cancers. In the present study, we examined samples from two cohorts of 175 patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) by multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) to investigate two subsets of Tex, CD8⁺PD1⁺TCF1⁺ progenitor exhausted T cells (TCF1⁺Tex^prog) and CD8⁺PD1⁺TCF1^- terminally exhausted T cells (TCF1^-Tex^term). Moreover, fresh tumor samples from 34 patients with HNSCC were examined by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry to further investigate their properties and cytotoxic capabilities and their correlation with regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). mIHC and flow cytometry analysis showed that TCF1^-Tex^term represented a greater proportion of CD8⁺PD1⁺Tex than TCF1⁺Tex^prog in most patients. TCF1⁺Tex^prog produced abundant TNFα, while TCF1^-Tex^term expressed higher levels of CD103, TIM-3, CTLA-4, and TIGIT. TCF1^-Tex^term exhibited a polyfunctional TNFα⁺GZMB⁺IFNγ⁺ phenotype; and were associated with better overall survival and recurrence-free survival. The results also indicated that larger proportions of TCF1^-Tex^term were accompanied by an increase in the proportion of Tregs. Therefore, it was concluded that TCF1^-Tex^term was the major CD8⁺PD1⁺Tex subset in the HNSCC TIME and that these cells favor patient survival. A high proportion of TCF1^-Tex^term was associated with greater Treg abundance.
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy* ; Humans ; Immunotherapy/methods* ; Prognosis ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/therapy* ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha