OBJECTIVE:To investigate the affordability of essential medicines in public health and medical institutions of Shanghai Qingpu district after the implementation of the national essential medicines,and provide the basis for subsequent formula-tion and improvement of relevant policies. METHODS:Based on the WHO/HAI standardized approach,a survey on the affordabili-ty of 30 essential medicines was conducted in public health and medical institutions of Shanghai Qingpu district in aspects of equip-ping staffing,drug availability and the relativity in different levels of public health and institutions for investigation and evaluation. RESULTS:The equipping rate of 30 essential medicines in Shanghai Qingpu District varied from 53.33%-86.67%,while the date of original drugs varied from 16.67%-53.33%,the equipping rate in secondary and tertiary hospitals was high. The availability of 30 essential medicines with Approved Drug Names in secondary and tertiary hospitals (77.78%) was generally higher than that in community health service center(63.00%),while the availability of original drugs was relatively low. The essential medicines with more than 50% relativity in community health service center and tertiary hospitals were only 6 kinds of drugs. CONCLUSIONS:The equipping rate and availability of essential medicines in primary health and medical institutions are lower than that of second-ary and tertiary hospitals in Qingpu district,as well as the relativity. It is suggested to further improve equipping policy for essential medicines from the relativity to improve match rate of production place;while further study and improvement for generic drugs from bioequivalence to improve its bioequivalence with original drugs and ensure clinical efficacy.

Epidermal Growth Factor ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Tympanic Membrane ; injuries ; Tympanic Membrane Perforation ; drug therapy

Objective To preliminary investigate the clinical efficacy of whole brain simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy ( SIB-IMRT ) in patients diagnosed with brain metastases ( BM) . Methods Fifty-two cases of BM admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to December 2017 were equally recruited and randomly divided into the observation and control groups. Patients in the observation group were treated with SIB-IMRT, and those in the control group received conventional whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT).The clinical efficacy and prognosis were statistically compared between two groups. Results The ORR in the observation group was 77％, significantly higher than 27％ in the control group (P=0. 00).The median survival in the observation group was 384 d,significantly longer compared with 211 d in the control group (P=0. 00).All patients in both groups successfully completed corresponding treatment. Acute adverse reactions were mainly 1-2 grade reactions. Conclusions SIB-IMRT is an efficacious and safe treatment of BM,which yields tolerable adverse events and deserves application in clinical practice.