The purpose of this study was to examine sanitation management practices of restaurant managers for the training needs analysis. A total of 26 restaurant managers participated in this study. A check list was consisted of three parts : facility, personal, and food hygiene. Two observers and one manager evaluated the same check list at same time and the results were compared. The results of this study suggested that most restaurants have needed for re-training programs in the view of facility, personal, food sanitation practices. Specially, proper washing and sanitizing methods for hands and utensils, proper cooking and holding temperature, and proper storing methods were needed to be trained. Based on this study, most independent restaurant managers in Cheonan were aware of training, but they had no effective training program manuals. Results of this study implicated that dietitians have new opportunity for consultants of independent restaurants in the region because they have practiced sanitation management manuals.
Chungcheongnam-do* ; Consultants* ; Cooking ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation* ; Education ; Feasibility Studies* ; Hand ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Nutritionists ; Restaurants* ; Sanitation*

This study was conducted to gather basic data on the tasks and roles of nutrition teachers by analyzing the changes inwork importance, performance frequency, and organizational environment after dietitians were transposed to nutrition teachers. E-mail surveys were sent to 100 newly assigned nutrition teachers who previously served as dietitians in Gyeonggi province. A total of 72 teachers responded to the survey. The respondents were asked the importance and frequency of 9 work-related duties performed as a dietitian and nutrition teacher, respectively. They were also surveyed regarding their satisfaction perceptions for 5 organizational changes. The majority of respondents were 36 to 40 years old (48.6%) and had 10~20 years of work experience (58.3%). Significant differences were found for work importance after changing to the role of nutrition teacher (p<0.001). In addition, work performance frequency differences were found for the categories of nutrition education, nutrition counseling, and dietary guidance. These results were attributable to the differences in work importance and performance frequency by now being a nutrition teacher rather than a dietitian. The respondents had increased satisfaction levels after changing from dietitian to nutrition teacher (p<0.001) in terms of 'pride for change in work', 'satisfaction level for pay', and 'satisfaction level for change in the organizational environment'. In order for nutrition teachers to have effective work performance, 'personal capabilities' and 'school manager support' should be coordinated. Overall, the results of this study suggest that effective training programs should be developed for nutrition teachers they can effectively complete newly assigned work tasks.
Counseling ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Electronic Mail ; Organizational Innovation

The purposes of this study were to: a) examine charateristics of foodservice manaegment practices; b) investigate characteristics of recipients; c) analyze foodservice systems; and d) provide feedback for the efficient and effective foodservice management of welfare institutions for the homeless in Korea. A total of 27 sites was analyzed by questionnaire survey. Satatistical data analysis was completed using the SPSS package program for descriptive analysis. As results of site recipients' characteristics, 69% of total sites were males and 31% were female recipients. Average 60% of recipients were from 30 to 50 years old. Major diseases of recipients were high pressure, and obesity. According to the result of foodservice system analysis, the average meal cost per day was about 2,943 won and average food cost percentage was 29%. Average number of meals per day was about 600 meals. Mostl sites had one dietitian and 48.1% of sites had one cook as a full-time employee. In the part of procurement, dietitians were major chargers of sites for purchasing foods. Major purchasing method was the order and delivery contract. About a half of sites used cycle menu system and standardized recipies. Most of sites had recipients' survey systems for evaluating meal satisfaction. Dietitians at sites had problems on lack of cooking professionals and low meal cost budget for providing higher quality of foods to cure recipients. The results suggested that financial and systematical supports by the government would be very necessary to meet the goal of nutritional balanced meal services.
Budgets ; Cooking ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Meals ; Middle Aged ; Nutritionists ; Obesity ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Statistics as Topic

BACKGROUND: Immune mediated suppression of hematopoiesis has been regarded as the most important pathogenetic mechanism of idiopathic severe aplastic anemia (AA). However, the immunophenotype of lymphocytes in the bone marrow (BM) of AA has not been comprehensively studied. We investigated the immunophenotype of lymphocytes in the BM to evaluate immune alteration and the possibility of involvement of lymphocytic lineage in AA. METHODS: The flow cytometric analysis for 16 cell surface antigens using monoclonal antibodies in 20 patients with AA and 20 healthy persons was performed. The percentage of positive cell population was calculated in the gated region for lymphocytes and compared data between AA and normal controls. And the BM cellularity and lymphocyte population were evaluated by light microscopy. RESULTS: The CD34+ cells were significantly decreased in AA (0.79+/-0.76% vs 2.60+/-1.53%) compared to controls. The CD2+, CD8+ and CD4+CD8+ cells were significantly increased in number, but the other T cell antigens were similar to normal control. All the B cell antigens were decreased in AA. The CD56+ cells and CD25+CD56+ cells were significantly increased in AA. The lymphocyte population was negatively correlated to B cell population and positively correlated to CD4+CD8+ cells. CONCLUSION: The BM lymphocytes populations are significantly altered in AA. The B cells are significantly decreased in AA than normal control whereas, the CD8+ cells, CD4+CD8+cells and CD56+ cells seem to play an important role in destruction of hematopoietic progenitor cells in AA.
Anemia, Aplastic* ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens, Surface ; B-Lymphocytes ; Bone Marrow* ; Flow Cytometry ; Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Humans ; Lymphocytes* ; Microscopy