BACKGROUND: The feasibility and the mechanism of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cel transplantation for the treatment of liver cirrhosis need to be discussed in-depth. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cel transplantation through portal vein on the liver function and tissue pathological changes of the rats with liver cirrhosis. METHODS: Carbon tetrachloride was used to prepare rat model of liver cirrhosis. After the success of modeling, the rats in the cel transplantation group received portal vein injection of 1 mL 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine -labeled human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (5×106), the model group was injected with the same volume of PBS; the normal rats received 1 mL human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cel transplantation via the portal vein were as the control group. At 4 weeks after transplantation, the rat tail vein blood and liver tissue were obtained for testing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 4 weeks after cel transplantation, compared with the model group, levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin in the cel transplantation group were significantly decreased, while the albumin level was increased significantly (P < 0.01); the liver cel inflammatory necrosis, steatosis and liver fibrosis were improved significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining showed that human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cel colonization could be seen in the rat liver tissues of the cel transplantation group and control group, but the number of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine-positive cells in cel transplantation group was significantly larger than that in the control group. Reverse transcription-PCR test result showed that the expressions of cytokeratin 18 and albumin mRNA could be observed in the rat liver tissue of the cel transplantation group, but no expression could be seen in the control group. It is visible that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can improve liver function and pathological damage of liver cirrhosis rats in a certain extent, which may relate with the intrahepatic homing colonization and hepatocyte-like cel differentiation of the transplanted cells in the liver cirrhosis rats.

Systemic therapy is the preferred treatment option for advanced primary hepatic carcinoma, and the results of clinical study IMbrave150 suggesting the superiority of atezolizumab combined with bevacizumab for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. The authors introduce the clinical experience of one patient with postoperative recurrent primary hepatic carcinoma who was treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab followed by radiotherapy. The results reveal that the efficacy as stable disease during immunotherapy combination of targeted therapy and partial response after radiotherapy, and the patient tolerating well with a high quality of life.