OBJECTIVE To analyze the drug-resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from clinic in the past two years. METHODS The drug-resistance to 19 kinds of antimicrobial agents of 435 E. coli strains was detected by K-B method. 3-D test was performed to detect AmpC ?-lactamase and Extended-spectrum ?-lactamases(ESBLs). RESULTS It showed that the strains from cervical secretions, urine, throat swab and lochia specimens had the highest positive rate. Sensitivity test results showed that the resistance rate to ampicillin, aztreonam, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprims and quinolones was high (49.23-84.10%), and resistance rate to the third, and fourth-generation cephalosporins was high too(31.35-46.80%). Strains that resistant to imipenem and meropenem were not detected out and they had a high sensitivity rate (93.38%), to cefoperazone/sulbactam. Detection rate of ESBLs and AmpC was 32.67% and 5.52%, respectively. Nineteen srtains produced both of them and 6 srtains produced AmpC only. CONCLUSIONS The detection rate and drug resistance are increasingly severe. Clinic and laboratory should make efforts to reduce hospital infection and dissemination of drug-resistant strains.

OBJECTIVE To understand the clinical distribution and drug resistance of Enterococcus to provide evidence for the rational use of antibiotics. METHODS The Enterococcus isolated form clinic from Jan 2006 to Dec 2007 and the sensitivity to 13 kinds of antibiotics were tested by K-B method. RESULTS All of 122 strains of Enterococcus were isolated which included 76 strains of E.faecalis(62.3%),29 strains of E.faecium(23.8%) and 17 strains of other enterococcus(13.9%).Most enterococcus were detected from vaginal secretion,urine,drainage fluid,cervical secretion and throat swab.Drug sensitivity test showed that the sensitivity to vancomycin and teicoplanin was high while the resistance to rifampicin,erythromycin,tetracycline and ciprofloxacin was the highest,and the total resistance rate of E.faecium was higher than E.faecalis. CONCLUSIONS The detection rate and resistance rate of Enterococcus present a rising trend,which should be paid for more attention by clinic.Bateria cultivation is necessary for suspected enterococcus infection and the drugs selected according to sensitivity result to improve the curative effect.

OBJECTIVE To understand the pathogen distribution of infant infectious bacterial conjunctivitis and keratitis,and drug resistance to provide guidence on clinical treatment.METHODS The routine bacterial culture of eye secretions in the 331 cases was identified with K-B to determine the resistance of pathogenic bacteria.RESULTS A total of 124 strains were isolated with positive rate of 37.46%,there were Haemophilus parainfluenzae,Staphylococcus aureus,H.influenzae,S.epidermidis,fungi,etc.The resistance of S.aureus,S.epidermidis and S.pneumoniae to penicillin were 86.36%,88.89% and 0,respectively.The resistance rate of H.parainfluenzae,H.influenzae,Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to ampicillin were 12.50%,27.78%,87.50%,100.00% and 100.00%;that to cefazolin were 16.67%,16.67%,62.50%,14.29% and 100.00%;and to cotrimoxazole were 50.00%,27.78%,12.50%,14.29% and 100.00%.CONCLUSIONS The H.parainfluenzae,S.aureus,H.influenzaeand S.epidermidis are isolated from the newborn eye secretions;they were lower resistant to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin.

Objective To optimize supercritical extraction technique from four medicinal materials, which are the part components in the recipe of Keganliyan Oral Liquor and are extracted traditionally for essential oils. Methods Extraction ratio and menthol extraction quantity were taken as evaluated indexes. Supercritical extraction technique was researched with orthogonal tests, gas chromatography, and SAS statistic. Results Within the test levels, temperature and time showed evident effect on extraction ratio and menthol extraction quantity, while pressure did not show any evident effect on them、 The preferable technique to extraction ratio is temperature at 55 ℃, time for 120 min, and extracted pressure at 27 MPa; and the preferable technique to menthol extraction quantity is temperature at 45 ℃, time for 120 min, and extracted pressure at 22 MPa. Conclusion The optimized supercritical extraction technique for Keganliyan Oral Liquor is feasible.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria which caused respiratory infection among suscepted patients and offer scientific basis for reasonable usage of antibiotics.METHODS Oropharyngeal swabs among 709 cases of respiratory infection neonates were investigated by the routine methods and drug resistance was analyzed by K-B method.RESULTS Totally 438 bacterial strains were isolated from 709 neonates.most of these bacteria were Gram-negative bacilli(70.3%),among which Haemophilus influenzae and Klebsiella pneumoniae were accounted for 39.8% and 10.3%,respectively;fungi and Gram-positive cocci were accounted for 23.5% and 6.2%.CONCLUSIONS Most strains present higher resistance rates to penicillin and ampicillin;but cefoxitin,amikacin,vancomycin,imipenem and the third generation cephalosporins are revealed with higher sensitivity rates for pathogenic bacteria in newborns.

OBJECTIVE To understand the urinary tract infections after cesarean section,the distribution of pathogenic strains,and drug resistance analysis in order to provide clinical treatment. METHODS The routine urine cultures of the 2652 case were identified and drug resistance was analyzed by K-B method. RESULTS From 458 isolated bacteria,Gram-negative bacilli were main,pathogen accounting for 80.13%,Escherichia coli and Klebsiella,accounted for 71.62% and 4.8% respectively;Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 14.41%,and fungi accounted for 3.71%. CONCLUSIONS G-bacteria in the urinary tract infection are in the absolute superiority;rational use of antibiotics to effectively control the urinary tract infections and avoid drug-resistant strains produceing is especially critical.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for content determination of cyproheptadine hydrochloride in fuyan cream.METHODS:Ultraviolet spectophotometry was applied to determine the contents of cyprohepatadine hydrochloride as well as its adjuvant as two coexisting components without isolation and extraction,the wavelengths were286nm and258nm res_ pectively,linear regression and simultaneous equations were used to analyze the results.RESULTS:Cyproheptadine hydrochlor_ ide and its adjuvant showed good linear relationship in the range of2.52～25.2and2.5022～25.022?g/ml respectively,the average recovery of cyproheptadine hydrochloride was98.61%(RSD=1.08%).CONCLUSION:The present method is simple,convenient,reproducible and reliable,which is suitable for rapid determination for fuyan cream.

OBJECTIVETo explore the anatomic basis and clinical application of the horn shaped perforator flap pedicled with the angular artery for the reconstruction of midface defect.

METHODS(1) 10 fresh cadavers were perfused with a modified guiding oxide gelatin mixture for three-dimensional visualization reconstruction using a 16-slice spiral computed tomography scanner and specialized software (Materiaise' s interactive medical image control system, MIMICS). The origin and distribution of the angular artery perforator were observed. (2) Between July 2012 and July 2014, twenty-one patients underwent operations for the reconstruction of midface defect. Ten patients had squamous cell carcinoma, nine patients had basal cell carcinoma and two patients had nevus. The flaps' size ranged from 1.5 cm x 3.5 cm to 2.5 cm x 5.0 cm.

RESULTSThe facial artery branches the lateral nasal artery 1 cm from the outside corner of the mouth, subsequently strenches to inner canthus continuing as the angular artery. The angular artery anastomoses extensively with the dorsal nasal artery and the infraorbital artery. All the flaps survived. The patients were satisfied with the final aesthetic and functional results.

CONCLUSIONSThe flap can be designed flexibly and simply with reliable blood supply. The donor sites could be closed directly without skin graft, it is a simple and fast method for the reconstruction of midface defect.

Anastomosis, Surgical ; methods ; Arteries ; anatomy & histology ; Cadaver ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; surgery ; Face ; blood supply ; Facial Neoplasms ; surgery ; Humans ; Nevus ; surgery ; Nose ; blood supply ; Perforator Flap ; blood supply ; transplantation ; Skin Neoplasms ; surgery ; Skin Transplantation ; Software ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

Objective To determine the population structure of Streptococcus pncumoniae isolates collected from infants with eye infections,including drug resistance,resistance genes, serotypes and molecular types.Methods The susceptibility of 39 isolates to 10 antibacterial agents was tested by K-B disk diffusion and Etest.Latex agglutination test was performed to determine the serotype of the strains,and PCR was carried out to detect macrolides resistance genes mefE and ermB.Molecular types of the 20 strains were determined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST).Results A total of 39 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were obtained,in which 30 (76.9％) were resistant to 3 or more antibacterial agents,and no vancomycin,penicillin or cefotaxime resistant strain was found.ermB gene was found in 33 strains and mefE gene was found in 4 strains.Twelve serotypes were found,and the most frequent serotypes were 19 (8/39) and 14 (4/39). Seventeen strains (43.6％) were covered in PCV7 vaccine. The international clone Taiwan19F-14 and Spain23F-1 were found by MLST. Conclusions Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from infants with eye infections include international resistance clones.The distribution of serotype and molecular type are dispersed, and the clones are sporadic. The isolates are highly resistant to commonly used antibacterial agents.

Objective To propose a practical method for moderate-to-server cup-ear correction.Methods Auricular reconstruction was performed in a manner of two-stage approach with mastoid flap and costal cartilage support.In the first stage,the autogenous costal cartilage framework was inserted under the retroauricular mastoid skin flap.The corrected ear was raised in the second operation and wound was closed with grafting skin.Results Satisfaction of appearance was achieved for totally 18 cases except one case of partly necrosis of cartilage.They were followed-up for 3-26 months.Conclusions This integrative two-stage approach of mastoid flap combining three dimensional costal cartilage is safe and effctive for moderate to severe cup-ear correction,which brings about good appearances and symmetry.The complications are in control.