This artical introduces the cutter develop t for basi hospitals to carry out the vitreous resection.It is characterized by simple structure,easy to use and carry,complete fuctions and it is satified with results.

Objective To evaluate Chinese rural children's blood lead levels (BLLs) and identify its distribution features and to provide data for policy development to the prevention of rural environmental lead pollution. Methods The papers on rural children's BLLs published from 1994 to Oct, 2008 were collected by using CNKI's (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) Chinese Journal Full-test Database and other ways. The papers which were eligible for the following criteria were reviewed:(1) BLLs measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy (graphite or others) or inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry; (2) strict quality control; (3) no local lead pollution sources in the areas where the screened subjects live in; (4) children aged from 0 to 14 years old; (5)sample size more than 40. Results Analysis on the included 32 papers indicated that, the mean BLLs of Chinese rural children between 1994 and 2008 was 74.93 ?g/L ( range:41.14-193.54 ?g/L)and 19.32%( range:2.2%-43%) of the subjects had BLLs higher than 100 ?g/L. The rural children’s BLLs changed from 87.53 ?g/L to 71.16 ?g/L after the use of lead free gasoline in 2000 in China, which were both lower than the general children's BBLs before 2000 and after 2001. The children in Beijing city and Shandong province showed the highest mean BLLs , with 99.16 ?g/L and 92.13 ?g/L respectively; while the children in Jilin province and Hebei province showed the lowest levels, with 41.14 ?g/L and 56.14 ?g/L respectively. The comprehensive analysis of 18 papers indicated that the mean BLLs in rural areas and urban areas were 77.90 ?g/L and 87.24 ?g/L respectively ( u=3.73, P

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of electro-acupuncture combined neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on dysphagia in patients after acute cerebral infarction (ACI).Methods180 ACI patients with dysphagia were divided into the function training group (n=45)，electro-acupuncture group (n=45), NMES group (n=45) and comprehensive rehabilitation group (electro-acupuncture combined with NMES group, n=45). They were assessed with drinking water test before and 3 weeks after treatment. ResultsThe drinking water test scores improved after treatment in all the 4 groups (P<0.05), and more in the electro-acupuncture group, NMES group and comprehensive rehabilitation group than in the function training group (P<0.05). The drinking water test scores improved the most in comprehensive rehabilitation group (P<0.05). ConclusionThe electro-acupuncture combined NMES can effectively improve the therapeutic effect on dysphagia in patients after ACI.

OBJECTIVEWe aims to evaluate the therapeutic effect of maxillary protraction on maxillary maldevelopment using Coben analysis to illustrate the advantages of Coben analysis in identifying pathogenic mechanisms and in designing treatment plans for Class III malocclusions.

METHODSA total of 120 patients were diagnosed to have skeletal Class I maloc- clusions with maxillary maldevelopment. These patients were selected as the subjects of the present research. Maxillary protraction was exerted to promote maxilla growth. Cephalometric analysis was conducted by using Coben analysis and angle analyses of Beijing Medical University to collect data before and after maxillary protraction.

RESULTSAccording to Coben analysis measurements, the height of facies cranii increased after maxillary protraction. The depth of lower face decreased, whereas that of mid-face increased and the Ptm-A value increased significantly in the mid-face (P < 0.001). In the angle ana- lysis of Beijing Medical University, SNA, ANB, U1/NA, U1/SN, MP/SN, and Y-axis angles increased significantly (P < 0.001), whereas SNB, U1/L1 (P < 0.001), and L1/MP (P < 0.05) decreased.

CONCLUSIONMaxillary protraction has a significant effect on growing skeletal Class III malocclusions withthe chief mechanism of Ptm-A value just diagnosed as minor by Coben analysis. Coben analysis is visual and clear in identifying pathogenic mechanisms of Class III malocclusions.

Objective To analyze the characteristics and significance of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in the pathophysiological processes of tuberculous meningitis in mice.Methods Sixteen mice were intracerebroventricularly injected with H37RV suspension as the model group.Meanwhile,the other 16 mice were injected with 0.9％ sodium chloride solution as the control group.Thirty days later,all mice were decapitated and the brain tissue were respectively used to for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tuberculosis) incubation,pathological changes observation,MMP-9 activity detection by zymography,blood-brain-barrier permeability and moisture content detection,and immunofluorescence stain of MMP-9,glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and integrin αM (OX-42).The t test was used to compare the differences between the two groups.Results Every experimental mouse was injected with (1.271±0.111) × 106 colony-forming units (cfu) M.tuberculosis.Thirty days later,the amount of M.tuberculosis in brain tissue homogenates was (4.900± 1.407) × 104 cfu/mL,and the hematoxylin and eosin staining showed dilatation of subarachnoid and ventricular and infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells.The cumulative absorbance (A) of MMP-9 bands of brain tissue was 47 821 ± 19 932 in the model group and 10 082 ± 3 544 in the control group.The difference was statistically significant (t =3.728,P=0.010).The evans blue (EB) content of brain tissue was (11.8 ± 3.6) μg/g in model group and (4.7 ±3.4) μg/g in control group.The difference was statistically significant (t=2.887,P=0.028).The moisture of brain tissue was 0.849±0.035 in model group and 0.775±0.037 in control group.The difference was statistically significant (t=2.925,P=0.026).The immunofluorescence staining showed that the infected brain tissue expressed high degrees of MMP-9,GFAP and OX-42.And MMP-9 was overlapped with both GFAP and OX-42 obviously.Conclusions The activity of MMP-9 is significantly enhanced in brain tissue of mice suffering from tuberculous meningitis and participates in blood-brain barrier damage,tissue edema and inflammatory cells exudation.Microglia cells-astrocytes network is involved in the secretion of MMP-9.

Objective To examine the effect of fibronectin connecting segment-1 (CS1) peptidefacilitated blockade of inflammatory cells-fibronectin adhesion on a rat liver transplantation model of prolonged ex vivo cold ischemia.Methods A model of liver transplantation in Wistar→Wistar rat was established.The donors of the CS1 treatment group received CS1 peptides through the tail vein for 3 days before operation.Another two doses of CS1 peptides were administered into the liver intraportally during procurement and before transplantion.Recipients received an additional 3-day course of CS1 peptides after transplantation.Rats in control group received scrambled peptides.Rats were sacrificed at 6,24 and 72 h after transplantion,and plasma transaminase activity and hepatic pathological changes were studied.The inflammatory cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells were visualized histochemically.Real-time PCR was used to detect tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA expression in the liver.Results The plasma transaminase activity and hepatic necrosis areas in CS1 treatment group were significantly lower than in control group (P＜0.05).CS1 peptides treatment significantly decreased the number of Kupffer cells after transplantation and greatly inhibited the recruitment of neutrophils to the graft liver as compared with control group (P＜0.05).After prolonged cold ischemia,only a few hepatic endothelial cells exhibited positive staining of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell biomarker SE-1.Lots of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells positive for SE-1 staining could be detected in CS1 group at 72 h after transplantation,while much less SE-1 positive cells presented in the control goup.Prolonged cold ischemia caused a significant increase of TNF-α,IL-1β and VEGF mRNA expression in the graft liver of control group after transplantation.The expression of TNF-α mRNA at 6 and 24 h and VEGF mRNA expression at 24 h were significantly lower in CS1 group than in control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Peptide-mediated blockade of inflammatory cells-fibronectin interaction decreased the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines,prevented hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells from injury and subsequently protected against severe ischemia/reperfusion injury of the graft liver after transplantation.

This study was aimed to investigate the influence on component content indexes,which included chlorogenic acid and luteolin of honeysuckle by the absorption of chemical insecticide thiamethoxam.High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used in the analysis of content determination of component content indexes of honeysuckle samples by different concentrations of thiamethoxam.SPSS was used in the statistical analysis.The results showed that compared to samples from the blank control group,the content of chlorogenic acid had the increasing tendency in the honeysuckle groups with different concentrations of thiamethoxam.However,there was no significant difference among different experiment groups.There was no significant difference on luteolin among honeysuckle groups with different concentrations of thiamethoxam and the blank control group.It was concluded that at the recommended dose and high-powered dose of thiamethoxam,there was some influence on the content of chlorogenic acid.However,there was no significant effect on the content of luteoloside.And the quality scores of both contents were within the range defined in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2010 edition).

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the level of Foxp3 mRNA in the peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) with acute rejection or chronic allograft nephropathy after kidney allotransplantation. METHODS: Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to examine Foxp3 mRNA expression in the PBMCs from 16 patients with acute rejection, 8 patients with chronic allograft nephropathy, 8 patients at stable stage after kidney transplantation, 8 patients of end-stage renal disease, and 8 normal controls. RESULTS: The level of Foxp3 mRNA in the PBMCs was significantly lower in patients with acute rejection than that in patients with chronic allograft nephropathy (P<0.01). Foxp3 mRNA expression was significantly lower in patients with chronic allograft nephropathy than that in the normal controls, the end-stage renal disease group, and stable stage group (P<0.01). The level of Foxp3 mRNA was not significantly different in the PBMCs among the normal controls, the end-stage renal disease group, and the stable stage group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The level of Foxp3 mRNA expressed in PBMCs can reflect the status of renal allograft, and may be a noninvasive biomarker for diagnosing acute rejection and chronic allograft nephropathy.
Adult ; Biomarkers ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Graft Rejection ; metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Monocytes ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Uremia ; blood ; surgery

OBJECTIVE: To design short hairpin RNA (shRNA) interference sequence to silence glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) gene of androgen independent prostate cancer cell line DU145, and to explore its effect on proliferation and sensitivity to chemotherapeutics. METHODS: The target sequence was picked up to form the shRNA, and the 3 shRNA expression vectors were shRNA255, shRNA554 and shRNA593. The DNA template was cloned to plasmid pGPU6/GFP/Neo. The shRNA was identified by enzyme digesting and gene sequencing. The screening experiment was done to pick up the shRNA expression vector with the highest transfection ratio and best gene silencing results. DU145 cells were divided into a blank plasmid group and a shRNA transfected group. According to the chemotherapeutics the DU145 cells were divided into a fluorouracil (FU) group and a paclitaxel (PA) group, and the 2 groups were subdivided into 4 subsets according to the chemotherapeutic concentrations (FU: 30, 60, 120, and 240 μg/mL; PA: 0.2, 2, 10, and 20 μg/mL), meanwhile a blank control group was included respectively. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate the proliferation after the transfection. MTT and terminal de-oxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay were used to detect the inhibition effect of different concentrations of 5-FU or PA on the proliferation and induction of apoptosis of DU145. RESULTS: The transfection ratio of the 3 shRNA expression vectors (shRNA255, shRNA554, and shRNA593) was (63.30±1.04)%, (76.20±0.68)%, and (72.70±0.33)%, and the transfection ratio of shRNA554 was the highest. there was significant difference among the above 3 shRNA expression vectors (P<0.01). After the transfection, the mRNA was 128.31±2.50, 43.24±4.30 and 85.62±6.30, the GSTP1 protein was 163.92±12.40, 65.38±9.30 and 114.25±16.70. After the transfection of shRNA554, the mRNA and protein of GSTP1 were the lowest level. there was significant difference among the above 3 shRNA expression vector (P<0.01). MTT analysis showed that before the transfection, the survival ratio of cells under different concentrations of FU (30, 60, 120, and 240 μg/mL) was (95.60±2.11)%, (90.20±0.86)%, (83.10±3.12)% and (74.60±1.32)%; however after the transfection, the survival ratio of cells was (91.30±1.43)%, (84.60±2.13)%, (73.20±1.52)%, and (65.5±0.942)%. TUNEL assay showed that before the transfection, the apoptosis ratio of cells under different concentrations of FU (30, 60, 120, and 240 μg/mL) was (5.50±0.88)%, (10.20±1.64)%, (15.20±2.39)%, and (25.10±2.59)%; however after the transfection, the apoptosis ratio of cells was (10.8±0.62)%, (15.7±1.32)%, (20.4±1.89)%, and (34.9±2.54)%. After the transfection, the cell survival ratio decreased under the same concentration of FU, and the apoptosis ratio increased, with statistical significance (both P<0.01). MTT analysis showed that before the transfection, the survival ratio of cells under different concentrations of PA (0.2, 2, 10, and 20 μg/mL) was (98.50±2.34)%, (95.20±1.32)%, (89.40±0.68)%, and (82.70±1.73)%; after the transfection the survival ratio of cells was (94.20±0.78)%, (86.50±2.13)%, (78.70±1.34)%, and (70.10±0.76)%. TUNEL assay showed that before the transfection, the apoptosis ratio of cells under different concentrations of PA (0.2, 2, 10, and 20 μg/mL) were (2.40±1.07)%, (5.20±1.33)%, (10.50±2.41)%, (20.70±1.92)%; after the transfection the apoptosis ratio of cells was (5.46±2.13)%, (13.80±1.24)%, (21.20±2.39)%, and (29.20±2.21)%. After the transfection, the cell survival ratio decreased under the same PA concentration, and the apoptosis ratio increased, with statistical significance (both P<0.01). CONCLUSION gene GSTP1 silence via shRNA transfection to androgen independent prostate cancer cell line DU145 can inhibit its proliferation in time dependent manner, and induce apoptosis and raise its sensitivity to chemotherapeutics.
Androgens ; metabolism ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Gene Silencing ; Glutathione S-Transferase pi ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Transfection

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of transient withdrawal of immunosuppressive agents during the treatment of pulmonary infection on long-term survival of patients and graft s. METHODS: A total of 104 patients with post-transplant pulmonary infection were enrolled in this study. These patients received renal transplantation in Center for Organ Transplantation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, during December 2005 and August 2014. Among them, 50 patients stopped immunosuppressive agents during the treatment of infection. These patients served as stopping drug (SD) group, whereas the remaining patients who served as a control group did not stop immunosuppressive drugs. The five-year cumulative patient survival, graft survival, and laboratory results were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: The five-year cumulative patient survival rates in the SD group were significantly lower than those in the control group [(69.8 ± 7.0)% vs (94.2 ± 3.2)%, P=0.001]. There was no significant difference in the allograft survival rates between the 2 groups [(81.7 ± 6.6)% vs (90.9 ± 4.3)%, P=0.113]. In patients who survived from pulmonary infection, there was no significant difference in long-term survival rates between the 2 groups (P=0.979). CONCLUSION Pulmonary infection impacts allograft survival after patients underwent renal transplantation. Transient stopping immunosuppressive agents during the treatment of infection is a safe and necessary treatment strategy for patients with serious post-transplant pulmonary infection.
Graft Rejection ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; administration & dosage ; Kidney Transplantation ; Lung Diseases ; therapy ; Postoperative Complications ; Survival Rate ; Transplantation, Homologous