Objective To study the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in the brain tissue after the brain injury caused by acute organophosphate poisoning,and the interventional effect and mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy.Methods Sixty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats randomly divided into a control group (n=6),a poisoning group (n=18),a routine group (n=18) and an HBO group (n=18) according to a random number table.Acute organophosphate poisoning was induced into all rats except those in the control group.The routine group was given penehyclidine hydrochloride and pralidoxime chloride for once,while the HBO group was provided with HBO therapy immediately on the basis of routine treatment.At 1,3 and 7 hours after acute organophosphate poisoning was induced,six rats were sacrificed at each time point and the blood samples were taken from inferior caval vein to measure the content of Malondialdehyde (MDA).The expression of HIF-1α mRNA in the brain tissue was detected by the quantitative real-time PCR,and that of HIF-1 protein was evaluated by immunohistochemical method.Meanwhile,pathologic changes of the brain tissues were observed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.Results Compared with the poisoning group,the pathological damage to cerebral tissues lessened in the HBO group.The expression of HIF-1 protein and HIF-1 mRNA of the poisoning and the HBO groups was significantly higher than the control group at 3 different time points.After the HBO treatment,the protein expression of HIF-1 lowered from 226.57 ± 57.49,to 205.91 ± 30.36 and further to 187.67 ± 29.25,while the MDA content decreased from 7.74 ± 0.14,to 7.40 ± 0.13 and later to 6.10 ±0.08,both were significantly lower than those of the poisoning group at all time points,with HIF-1 being 1305.67 ± 167.17,2667.83 ± 367.79 and 1709.24 ± 199.07,along with MDA content being 9.48 ± 0.05,11.56 ± 0.13 and 12.26 ± 0.14,and those in the routine group at the time points of 1 and 3 hour later (P ＜ 0.05).A positive correlation was found between the expression level of HIF-1 mRNA and level of MDA in the serum (r =0.909,P=0.000).Conclusion HIF-1 plays an important role in the development of brain injury caused by acute organophosphate poisoning.The efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen intervention against AOPP-induced brain injury is better than that of the routine treatment and its mechanism may be its antioxidation and inhibition of HIF-1 expression.

Objective To examine the teaching effects of case-based learning in the class of functional experiment. Methods Students (n=139) of five-year clinical medicine specialty were ran-domly divided into control group (n=70) and case group (n=69). The students of control group were taught with traditional teaching method and the case-based learning was adapted in the case group. Namely the clinical cases were led into teaching and the teaching process was completed through case import, problem sets, and the literature review and discussion. The teaching effects were evaluated through questionnaire survey (Analysis by the χ2-test, the test level is 0.05) and the analysis of test scores (Analysis by the t-test, the test level is 0.05). Results The score of the case group was better than the control group in the operation test (P=0.042 0). The total evaluating score and test score were also better in the case group in comparing to the control group (P=0.007 8 or P=0.008 2). As indicated by the questionnaire survey, more than 80%students thought the case teaching method could improve their learning interests and the independent learning abilities. Moreover, the skills of problem analysis and knowledge application were increased through case teaching. Conclusion The teaching effects of case-based learning were superior to the traditional teaching.

In medical colleges, it is difficult to effectively carry out design experiment teach-ing in functional experiment because of the limitation of many factors such as the large number of stu-dents and the shortage of teachers and teaching resources. This study explored the multi-level teaching of designing experiment. Through gradually increasing the difficulty of the teaching content, the center position of the students was improved. Besides, the students' knowledge expanded from books to the subject research frontiers and their awareness of innovation was gradually enhanced. The survey showed that students' satisfaction with the teaching was up to 90% and their self-learning ability was en-hanced. However, it should be noticed that teaching time should be arranged reasonably and the teach-ing process should be supervised in design experiment to ensure the effective experiment teaching.

Laboratory opening pattern was researched in order to increase the practical ability and spirit of innovation. The study focused specifically on teaching form,teaching method and evaluation systems in laboratory opening.Surver research was made in students and showed good effects.

Objective To investigate the effect of meridian-warming and unblocking acupuncture and moxibustion on the quality of life in patients with osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures. Method Two hundred and eighty patients meeting the criteria of osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures were enrolled and randomly allocated to treatment and control groups. The treatment group received meridian-warming and unblocking acupuncture and moxibustion and the control group, complex treatment of Western medicine. The Visual Analogue Scale (0-10 marks) score and the SF-36 score were recorded before and after treatment. The clinical therapeutic effects were evaluated. Result The pain score was decreased, the SF-36 score was increased and the clinical therapeutic effect was improved more in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Meridian-warming and unblocking acupuncture and moxibustion helps to relieve the pain and improve the quality of life in osteoporosis patients.

Objective To observe the influence of several kinase pathways such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase ( ERK) , and mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 ( p38MAPK) on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway activated by Fructus Schisandrae extracts (FSE) . Methods HepG2 cells were treated by FSE for 24 hours after pretreatment with protein kinase inhibitors for 2 hours. The mRNA expression levels of Nrf2 and downstream target genes heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD (P) H quinine oxidoreductase 1(NQO1), P-glycoprotein ( P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 ( MRP2) were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) , and their protein expression levels and Nrf2 nuclear translocation were measured by Western blotting method. Results RT-PCR results showed that the mRNA expression levels of HO-1, NQO1, P-gp and MRP2 activated by FSE in HepG2 cells were inhibited by PD98059, SB203580 and Rottlerin, and the mRNA expression of Nrf2 was suppressed only by SB203580 and Rottlerin. Western blotting results showed that the mRNA expression levels of HO-1 and P-gp activated by SCE in HepG2 cells were inhibited by PD98059, SB203580 and Rottlerin. In addition, the protein expression of Nrf2 in HepG2 cytoplasm was increased by the above three inhibitors, and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 was inhibited by PD98059 and SB203580. Conclusion The mechanism of FSE activating Nrf2 pathway may be associated with the increase of Nrf2 nuclear translocation through the direct phosphorylation of Nrf2 induced by ERK and p38MAPK.

60 years old). 43 cases of antiepileptic drugs combination accounted for 10% and the therapeutic plasma concentration of 27 cases deviated from normal range(62.8%). CONCLUSION:Results of plasma concentration monitoring provide an important basis for clinical drug use. Monitoring data and other clinical index can promote rational use of antiepileptic drugs.

Objective To study the hepatocyte cells infected by hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive serum. Methods Human hepatocyte 7701 was incubated with HCV RNA-positive and HCV antibody(Ab) negative sera BP52. Then, the expression of HCV antigen and the presence of HCV-RNA in cell and supernatant were assayed by RT-PCR, sequence analysis, immunofluorescent staining, Western blot, confocal laser microscopy. The ultrastructural changes of infected cells were observed by electro-microscopy. Results Plus-strand RNA and minus-strand RNA were intermittently detected in cell and/or supernatant on day 7-45 after infection. Sequence analysis demonstrated that the positive DNA nucleic acids were identified with HCV 5′-non-coding region(NCR) sequence. HCV core and NS3 protein were expressed in cytoplasm of infected cells. After 2 or 3 weeks, obvious intracellular ultrastructural changes and virus-like particles were observed. Conclusion human hepatocyte 7701 could support replication of HCV in vitro, which could be a useful tool for setting up cell model of HCV infection and studying the mechanism of HCV infection.

Objective To explore the relation and measures prevention between aspirin and relapsing haemorrhage after operation in cerebral haemorrhage patients. Method It' s a prospective control study. A total of 725 patients with hypertensive basal ganglia cerebral haemorrhage admitted to department of neurosurgery from January 2001 to May 2007 were enrolled. They were diagnosed according to the diagnostic criteria set by the fourth national cerebrovascular disease conference in 1995. Haematoma volume was ＞ 50 mL. All patients were treated with craniotomy. And those with respiration and circulation failure, neurologic function deficit before the onset of the disease,major organ dysfunction, haemorrhagic disease and bleeding tendency or applied medicines affecting coagulation function excepted aspirin were excluded. The patients without use of aspirin before the onset of the disease were operated as the control group(group A), and there were 389 patients in group A.The patients with use of aspirin before the onset of the disease were randomly assigned to group B and C group,and there were 168 patients in group B or group C.The patients in group C received the frozen apheresis platelets. We counted different haematoma volume of relapsing haemorrhage after operation,death rate,ADL scores grades by 6 months follow-up survey in three groups. Quantitative data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (-x ± s). The data were analyzed by using Chi-square test and Student's t test and rank sum test with SPSS 13.0 statistical package. A P value less than 0.05 indicated statisticals significance. Results Haematoma volume of relapsing haemorrhage was (40.59 + 20. 061 )mL, (53.21 ± 21.260) mL, (40.68 ± 19.517) mL in groups A, B, C,respectively. There was significant difference between group A and group B ( P ＜ 0.01 ), between group B and group C ( P ＜ 0.05), but there was no significant difference between group A and group C(P ＞ 0.05). ADL scores grades at 6-month follow-up was (67.04 ± 26. 176), (54.47 ± 29.403 ), (68.21 ± 25.254) in groups A, B, C, respectively. There was more significant difference between group A and group B, in ADL scores grades and the death rate between group B and group C (P ＜ 0.01), but there was no significant difference between group A and group C (P ＞ 0.05). Conclusions Aspirin can increase the occurrence rate of haemorrhage after operation, disablement and death in cerebral haemorrhage patients, but frozen apheresis platelets can reduce the occurrence rate.

Objective To investigate the effects of simulated microgravity by rotary cell culture system (RCCS) on expression profiles of miRNA in mouse fibroblasts L929 cell line.Methods L929 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into simulated microgravity (SMG) group and normal gravity (NG) group according to the simple random method.Samples of two groups were collected on 7th day of culture and the total RNAs were extracted,labeled,and hybridized in sequence.Feature Extraction Software was used to collect the array images and get raw data,which were analyzed by Genespring Software.Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified and then validated by qRT-PCR.Target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted by the databases of Targetscan and microRNAorg,and the intersections of databases were identified as potential regulatory target genes.Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis were applied to determine the roles of these target genes.Relevant biological functions and/or signaling pathways of the regulated genes especially related with wound healing process were categorized based on their enrichments.Then integration predictions of the miRNA and mRNA expression profiles had been proposed to refine the functional miRNA-mRNA relationships.The miRNA-mRNA functional network and miRNA-mRNA control network were constructed.Results Four miRNA genes were up-regulated significantly including mmumiR-669j,-122-5p,-30a-3p,-6516-3p,among which mmu-miR-669j was up-regulated at 52.84 folds with the greatest significance (P ＜ 0.05).Seventeen miRNA genes were down-regulated significantly including mmu-miR-21a-3p,-miR-28a-5p,-218-5p,-210-3p,-miR-19a-3p,-miR-31-3p,and-miR-19b-3p,among which mmu-miR-28a-5p was down-regulated at 15.47 folds with the greatest significance (P ＜ 0.05).The qRT-PCR showed a high concordance with the microarray results (P ＜ 0.05).Target gene prediction and functional enrichment analysis suggested that a variety of biological processes and signaling pathways involved in wound repair were significantly enriched (P ＜ 0.05).Function network and regulation network of miRNA-mRNA covered all the differentially expressed miRNAs,which suggested that miR-21 a-3p and predicted target gene Smad3 might play an important role in wound healing under microgravity.Conclusions Simulated microgravity by RCCS can significantly affect the expression of stress-related miRNAs in mouse fibroblasts L929.The miRNA target gene prediction and functional enrichment analysis based on gene chip technology may provide theoretical basis for illustrating the mechanism and management of weightlessness stress injury.