We have investigated, in both cases of normal individuals and tumor- bearing patients, the cytotoxic activity of lymphokine- activated killer (LAK) cells to cultured cell lines or fresh solid tumor cells with a 4- hour chromium 51 (~(51)Cr) - release assay. The LAK cells were generated by incubating peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells in vitro with recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL- 2)or partially purified interleukin2(PPIL- 2). Our results indicated that these two sources of L \K cells were cytotoxic to either K562, NK- sensitive or Daudi, NK resistant tumor cell lines. These two kinds of LAK cells could also kill a broad rang of fresh solid tumor cells, suggesting that these cells be indeed LAK cells. Furthermore, the results demonstreated that some fresh solid tumor cells were resistant to LAK cell killing to some extent as they showed different sensitivities to LAK cytotoxicity.

We previously demonstrated the cytotoxicity of human LAK cells to solid tumors in vitro. The work we reported here investigated the mechanisms involved in killing of solid tumor cells by LAK cells. It was shown that the cytotoxicity of LAK cells was mediated by some factors secreted by LAK cells and effects of direct contact with targets. Following lysis, the nucli of targets were destroyed and fragments of DNA were released into the medium. The cytotoxicity of LAK cells, under some circumtances, was of a positive correlation to the proliferation of themselves.

Objective To determine the efficacy of berberine in the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis ( NASH) , and to investigate the regulating effect on macrophage phenotype transformation in hepatic tissue on methionine -choline deficiency (MCD) diet induced NASH mice.Methods Fourty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (10 mice per group): the normal group (fed with normal diet), the NASH model group (fed with MCD diet), rosiglitazone treatment group (30mg/kg) and berberine treatment group (150mg/kg).Drugs were adopted in the preventive intervention method for 2 weeks.The hepatic histopathological method was adopted to evaluate the drug therapeutic effect.The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin(IL)-6, and IL-10 were examined with ELISA method.M1 and M2 phenotype were detected by flow cytometry .Results The results showed berberine improved the degree of hepatic histopathology .Berberine not only reduced the level of TNF-α, but also increased the level of IL-10 in serum on NASH mice significantly ( P <0.05 ) . Flow cytometry data indicated that berberine decreased M 1 type macrophages and increased M 2 type macrophages in liver tissue .The ratio of M1/M2 was significantly decreased in berberine and rosiglitazone treated group ( P <0.01 ) .Conclusion Berberine may improve the hepatic pathological process in MCD diet induced NASH model possibly through modulating macrophage phenotype transformation , i.e.The ratio of M2 type is more than M1 type in hepatic tissue , and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines .

This study was aimed to establish an HPLC method for simultaneous content determination of valtrate, acevaltrate, and their degradation products, which were baldrinal and 11-ethoxyviburtinal, in Valeriana jatamansi Jones. The separation and quantification of 4 constituents mentioned above were performed on an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of water (A) - acetonitrile (B) with an optimized gradient program. The flow rate was 1 mL·min-1. The column temperature was set at 25℃. The wavelength was set at 241 nm. And the injection volume was 10μL. The results showed that among 14 different places of V. jatamansi, the 4 contents determined were different. The contents of valtrate, acevaltrate, and baldrinal in the Yunnan Baoshan Mount were the highest. And the content of 11-ethoxyviburtinal was the highest in Yunnan Dali. It was concluded that the method was with good precision, reproducibility and stability. And it was suitable for the determination of 4 valepotriates ingredients in V. jatamansi. It also provided references for the quality control and exploitation of V. jatamansi.

Time in range (TIR) refers to the time or percentage of time within 24 h that glucose levels are in the target range; or the time that blood glucose levels are higher and lower the target range. TIR is a core parameter of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and an important indicator for the evaluation of blood glucose in treatment of diabetic patients. Recent studies have confirmed that TIR is closely related to cardiovascular complications of diabetes, and it may become a key indicator for predicting the risk of cardiovascular complications in the future. This article reviews the research progress on the relationship between TIR and cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients, and discusses the value of TIR in the integrated management of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

Diabetes has become a global public health problem due to its high incidence, severe complications and prolonged illness. The ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors provide a straightforward and simple way to quantify important health behaviors and factors, and clear and operable targets for cardiovascular disease prevention. A growing number of studies confirm that having more ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors is also associated with a lower risk of diabetes. This article reviews the relationship between ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors and the occurrence and development of diabetes and its complications, and explores the value of ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors in the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of diabetes.

Objective To explore the changes of bulbocavemosus sphincter reflex (BCR) in male rabbit models of spinal cord ischemia injury of different levels at acute stage and their values in predicting spinal cord functions,and provide theoretical basis for protecting the spinal cord function by neurophysiology examination in clinical microsurgical operation.Methods Thirty-six adult New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups:a control group (n=6) was used to eliminate the effects of anesthesia and surgery on BCR;rabbits in the experimental group (n=30) were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=6) according to different levels of lumbar arteries being ligatured between the left renal artery and arterial bifurcate (subgroups of one,two,three,4 and 5 lumbar arteries being ligatured).BCR was recorded continuously within two h of ligation;rabbits in each group were subjected to double-blind Tarlov lower limb motor function scale before and 2 d after surgery;and ischemic spinal cord specimens were performed hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining to observe pathological changes in sacral spinal cord ischemic areas after 2 days.Results There was no significant difference in BCR amplitude and latency between different time points after anesthesia (P＞0.05);there was no significant difference in BCR amplitude and latency between different time points before and after operation (P＞0.05).There was no significant change in the amplitude of BCR before and after one lumbar artery ligation;however,the BCR amplitude immediately changed after ligaturing two,three,4 or 5 lumbar arteries:the latency of BCR immediately began to extend and amplitude immediately began to reduce;amplitude was stable respectively after (0.7±0.4),(0.7±0.3),(0.7±0.3) and (0.6±0.3) min of ligation.The amplitude variation of BCR was positively correlated with Tarlov lower limb motor function scale scores 2 days after ligation (r=0.791,P=0.0001).HE staining showed that the normal sacral spinal cord structure was observed in the control group,subgroups of one and two lumbar arteries being ligatured;the basically normal sacral spinal cord structure was observed in the subgroup of three lumbar arteries being ligatured;the normal sacral spinal cord structure basically disappeared in the subgroup of 5 lumbar arteries being ligatured;the spinal cord injury of subgroup of 4 lumbar arteries being ligatured was between that of subgroup of three lumbar arteries being ligatured and subgroup of 5 lumbar arteries being ligatured.Conclusion The amplitude and latency of BCR in male rabbits are sensitive to sacral cord ischemic injury,which can help find ischemic injury in the reversible phase of the sacral cord ischemia and provide theoretical basis for the prevention of occurrence of male irreversible sacral spinal cord injury during microsurgery.

Purpose To investigate the difference of resting-state functional connectivity density(FCD)between chronic primary insomnia patients and healthy controls via resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI).Materials and Methods All rs-fMRI data of 35 patients with chronic primary insomnia from Xidian Group Hospital and Xi'an Encephalopathy Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and 35 healthy controls were prospectively collected from August 2020 to December 2021.The voxel-wise FCD approach was applied to explore the differences of whole-brain functional networks between chronic primary insomnia patients and healthy controls.The relationships between FCD value and Pittsburgh sleep quality index,self-rating scale of sleep,insomnia severity index,self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale in primary insomnia patients were investigated,respectively.Results Compared with healthy controls,the decreased FCD values were showed in the right insula,bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus,left orbitofrontal middle gyrus,left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus,right medial superior frontal gyrus and bilateral thalamus(t<-5.271,Padjust<0.05),while the increased FCD values showed in the right superior temporal gyrus,bilateral middle temporal gyrus,bilateral precuneus and left posterior cingulate gyrus(t>4.379,Padjust<0.05)in the chronic primary insomnia patients group.The FCD values of bilateral thalamus(r=-0.620,P<0.001;r=-0.562,P<0.005)and right insula(r=-0.651,P<0.001)were negatively correlated with insomnia severity index in the chronic primary insomnia patients group,respectively.Conclusion The extensive functional connectivity abnormalities are observed in primary insomnia patients via FCD analysis.These findings explain the neural mechanisms of underlying emotional regulation and cognitive impairment in chronic insomnia from the perspective of functional integration and functional separation.