Surgery, as one of the methods for the treatment of chronic constipation, is the final choice after the failure of non-surgical treatment with its specific particularity. The history of surgical treatment of chronic constipation is complex and tortuous. How to select operation among many kinds of surgery, and control risk is difficult for clinician. The choice of surgical procedure depends mainly on the patient's conditions, the objective examination basis and the experience of physician teams. Based on the previous reports and the team's experience, this paper discusses the choice of surgical treatment for the following types of chronic constipation: (1) Slow transit constipation: subtotal colorectal resection plus ileorectal anastomosis or ascending colon rectum anastomosis is widely used at present in the domestic, and its efficacy is quite good. (2) Outlet obstructive constipation: surgical treatment needs to be cautious with no consensus, and surgeons must follow the advice of "minimally invasive first" principle. (3) Mixed constipation: there is no clear and unified surgical treatment, while Jinling surgery is a promising way of operation. (4) Adult Hirschsprung's disease: surgery is the only treatment, and removing the stenosis segment, transitional segment and obvious expansion segment is the basic principle, and preventive ileostomy at the same time is also recommended. (5) Adult idiopathic megacolon: subtotal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis or ascending colon rectum anastomosis is highly recommended. (6) Hypoganglionosis: it is rare, and no consensus has been reached in surgical treatment. How to select the proper timing and mode of operation, and how to control the operation risk are the contents that clinicians must master. With the development of laparoscopic surgical technology, minimally invasive surgery is becoming the main direction of constipation treatment.

Objective:This study aims to analyze the prognosis of patients who underwent a simultaneous operations for colorectal cancer and liver metastases, and to establish a prognostic scoring system for these patients.Methods:From January 2010 to March 2019, the clinicopathological data of patients with colorectal cancer and liver metastases simultaneously operated at Shanghai Changhai Hospital were collected. The clinicopathological prognostic factors on tumor recurrence and survival outcomes on follow-up were analyzed. Single and multiple factors Cox regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors which affected the prognosis of patients. Using the risk factors of poor prognosis on Cox analysis, 1 point was given to each risk factor. Patients were then divided into different groups according to the different total scores. The median overall survival and disease-free survival of each group were analyzed.Results:Of 234 patients included in this study, there were 126 males and 108 females. The average age was (57.4±10.8) years. The median survival was 44.85 months. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of the whole group were 87.3%, 55.2%, and 22.9%, respectively. Primary tumor in right colon, preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen ≥200 ng/ml, multiple liver metastases, and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma/mucinous adenocarcinoma were independent risk factors of poor prognosis. After 1 point was given to each of the above 4 items, patients were then divided into the low-risk (0-1) and high-risk (2-4) groups. The median survivals of patients in the low-risk group ( n=174) and high-risk group ( n=60) were 53 months and 29 months, respectively. The corresponding median disease-free survivals were 21.34 months and 8.48 months, respectively. The differences between the 2 groups were significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The results of this study preliminary established a predictive scoring system for patients with simultaneous colorectal cancer and liver which can play a role in selecting treatment options for these patients.