Objective To compare minimally invasive percutaneous nephroscope and channel percutaneous nephroscope clinical curative effect for the treatment of kidney stones.Methods According to the digital table, 1 10 cases of patients with renal stones were selected and randomly divided into the control group 58 cases and obser-vation group of 52 cases.The control group underwent big channel percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL),the observa-tion group were treated by minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL).Compared the two groups of patients with stone size,operation time,bleeding volume,decreased hemoglobin values before and after operation,and one-staged stone clearance rate.The changes of renal function in the two groups of patients before and after operation were analyed.Results The two groups with operation were completed successfully,no bleeding and other operation condition happened.The operation hemorrhage of the control group was (118.7 ±31.3)mL,the operation hemorrhage of observation group was (56.8 ±31.7)mL,there was a significant difference between the two groups (t=-10.192, P<0.05).In the control group,the stone size,operation time,operation decreased hemoglobinvalue and one-staged stone clearance rate were (19.2 ±4.8)mm,(115.8 ±44.7)min,(11.2 ±3.9)g/L,88.5%.In the observation group,the stone size,operation time,operation decreased hemoglobinvalue and one-staged stone clearance rate were (21.5 ±7.3)mm,(126.3 ±25.7)min,(56.8 ±31.7)g/L,78.1%.The two groups showed no significant differ-ences (P>0.05).Renal function of the two groups were not significantly changed before and after 4 weeks of opera-tion,the two groups showed no significant differences(P>0.05 ).Conclusion The curative effects of two kinds of operations are similar,but the amount of hemorrhage of minimally invasive nephrolithotomy is less.Two kinds of opera-tion methods had no significant effects on patients renal function.

OBJECTIVETo generate mice which are specific for peroxisomproliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1(PGC-1α) knockout in the GABAergic interneuron.

METHODSConditional mice specific for PGC-1αwere introduced from the Jackson Laboratory, USA and initially inbred to obtain homozygote PGC-1αmice. The PGC-1αconditional mice were further crossed with Dlx5/6-Cre-IRES-EGFP transgenic mice to achieve specific knockout of PGC-1α in the GABAergic interneuron.

RESULTSThe offspring with specific knockout PGC-1α gene were successful for the generation of GABAergic interneuron, with the resulting genotype being PGC-1α.

CONCLUSIONThe PGC-1αmice were obtained through a proper crossing strategy, which has provided a suitable platform for studying the function of PGC-1α in neuropsychiatric diseases.

Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Interneurons ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; genetics ; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha ; genetics ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; metabolism

Objective: To investigate the effect of biology and mTOR pathway activity of down-regulated TSC2 gene expression on U937 leukemia cells. Methods: Gene expression was down-regulated by lentivirus induced RNA interference on TSC2 high expressed U937 cell line; the proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation were detected by CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay and flow cytometry; the gene expression level and protein kinase activity were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Results: Down-regulated expression of TSC2 gene promoted U937 cell proliferation and colony formation ability (P<0.05) . The proportion in G₀/G₁ phase of TSC2 down-regulated U937 cell was much lower than that of the control cells [ (52.53±3.75) % vs (75.10±4.33) %, t=6.829, P=0.002], the S phase [ (22.43±1.00) % vs (15.47±1.20) %, t=-5.581, P=0.019] and G₂/M phase [ (25.03±4.34) % vs (14.33±0.91) %, t=-5.413, P=0.013] was remarkably higher than that of the control cells (P<0.05) . There were no statistically significant differences in cell apoptosis and differentiation (P>0.05) . Down-regulation of TSC2 led to the increased activity of mTOR, 4EBP1 and S6K1, but did not influence the activity of AKT. The expressions of proliferation related cyclinD1, c-myc and PTEN were also up-regulated after TSC2 silenced, but the expressions of P27KIP and BCL-XL were not changed. Conclusion Downregulation of TSC2 could promote the proliferation of U937 cells through up-regulation of mTOR activity.

Objective To examine the antidepressant effects of resveratrol (RSV),and its possible mechanism specialized on improving cognitive function.Methods Thirty-two C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups:Control,Model,Model+RSV and Model+NA+RSV groups.The mice were subjected corticosterone (20 mg/(kg · d)) intraperitoneal injection for 21 consecutive days except the control mice.From the 22nd to 42nd day,the mice in different groups received further treatment with vehicle/ RSV (400 mg/(kg · d),op)/NA (100 mg/(kg · d),ip)+RSV (400 mg/(kg · d),op).The sugar preference test,novel object recognition test,novel location recognition test and water maze test were applied to evaluate the cognitive effects of RSV on mice.Subsequently,the silence information regulation factor 1 (SIRT1),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α),parvalbumin (PV) transcription and translation level were evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blotting.Results The sugar preference test showed that the depression model mediated by CORT injection was successfully established(F（1,30） =6,P=0.038).In in the novel object learning test,resveratrol significantly increased the proration on the frequency ((-0.20±0.37) vs (0.16±0.29))and duration((0.10±0.45) vs (0.62±0.29)) and decreased the proration on the distance((0.09±0.36) vs (0.55±0.27)).In the water maze test,resveratrol reduced the time((41±9)s;(26± 8) s) and distance ((295± 70) cm;(224±43) cm) to find the platform.All the results were accompanied with the increased expression of protein SIRT1 (F(3,29) =15.60,P＜0.01),PGC-1α(F(3,29)=7.51,P=0.0006) and PV (F(3,29) =17.87,P=0.0004).While pretreatment with nicotinamide,resveratrol could not rescue the cognitive impairment and could not reverse the iecreased expression level of protein SIRT1,PGC-1 α and PV.Conelusion Resveratrol can reverse the cognitive dysfunction of depressant mice,which may be achieved by activating the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway and increasing the transcription and protein expression of PV.

Metformin is one of the commonly used hypoglycemic drugs in clinical practice. In addition to hypoglycemia, there are a variety of medical biological values that have been constantly discovered and attracted much attention. In recent years, studies have shown that metformin through activation of AMPK inhibition of sterols regulating element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) reduce lipid synthesis, in the treatment of liver steatosis, improve insulin sensitivity, prevention Metformin is one of the commonly used hypoglycemic drugs in clinical practice. In addition to hypoglycemia, there are a variety of medical biological values that have been constantly discovered and attracted much attention. In recent years, studies have shown that metformin through activation of AMPK inhibition of sterols regulating element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) reduce lipid synthesis, in the treatment of liver steatosis, improve insulin sensitivity, prevention of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular dysfunction, tumor, polycystic ovary syndrome and adjuvant therapy of COVID-19 aspects play a role. Therefore, this article reviews the possible mechanism and clinical application of metformin in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism by inhibiting SREBP-1 through activating AMPK.