Objective To evaluate the influence of methotrexate and etanercept on life quality of patients with ankylosing spondylitis.Methods 149 patients with ankylosing spondylitis were chosen,and they were treated with methotrexate and etanercept.The advances in imaging and life quality after 1 year were observed.Results After treatment for 12 months,X -ray of the hip joint showed that 38 cases of level 2 improved to level 1,16 cases of level 3 improved to level 2,and level 4 patients had no significant improvement.Each dimension of life quality of patients were significantly improved after treatment,the difference was statistically significant compared with before treatment (FRF =11.238,FBP =17.042,FRP =7.346,FGH =9.305,FVT =-5.811,FRE =6.529,FSF =7.018,FMH =14.203,P <0.05 ).After treatment,mSASSS increased to a certain extent,there was no significant difference compared with before treatment (F =0.194,P >0.05).BASDAI,PCS and MCS were all significantly improved,com-pared with before treatment,the differences were statistically significant (FBASDAI =3.871,FPCS =8.327,FMCS =6.191,P <0.05,P <0.05).There was no significant correlation between PCS and MCS and mSASSS (r =0.219, r =-0.118,P >0.05),but related to BASDAI(r =-0.792,r =-0.813,all P <0.05).Conclusion Methotrexate combined with etanercept could effectively control the clinical symptom of ankylosing spondylitis,and with good life quality,but patients with good quality still need X -ray follow up.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical and pathological features of adenoid cystic carcinoma(ACC) of external auditory canal (EAC, and analyze the possible factors related to prognosis. METHOD: One out of 8 patients with ACC of EAC underwent tumor open biopsy. 5 patients underwent the extensive tumor resection, and 2 patients underwent the modified lateral temporal bone resection (1 of the 2 subjoined a total parotidectomy). Five patients received the postoperative radiotherapy. RESULT: The time of follow up was 5-97 months. Two patients were loss to follow-up, 5 patients with disease free survival, and 1 patient survival with tumor. CONCLUSION In this study, ACC of EAC is more often observed in female. The most common clinical manifestations are otalgia and neoplasm which grows slowly. The disease has high misdiagnosis rate. Surgical treatment is effective for it.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; pathology ; therapy ; Diagnostic Errors ; Disease-Free Survival ; Ear Canal ; Ear Neoplasms ; pathology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo identify the small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC) and guide the genetic counseling and medical treatment in two patients with Turner syndrome.

METHODSHigh resolution GTG and C banding, SRY amplification by PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on metaphase chromosomes were performed to the two patients.

RESULTSThe karyotypes of the two patients were 45, X [29]/46,X, +mar[31] and 45,X[71]/46,X, +mar[29] respectively. SRY test indicated SRY-positive for patient 1, whose sSMC was originated from chromosome Y. The karyotype was confirmed as 45,X[29]/46,X,idic(Y)(q10)[31]. ish idic(Y)(q10)(RP11-115H13x2) (SRY+) by FISH. While in patient 2, the sSMC was originated from chromosome X, whose karyotype was determined as 45, X[71]/46,X, r(X)(p11.23q21)[29]. ish r(X) (p11.23q21)(AL591394.11xAC092268.3).

CONCLUSIONUsing cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic analyses, we have identified the sSMCs in two patients with Turner syndrome, which was helpful to the clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Adolescent ; Child ; Chromosomes, Human, X ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Y ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Karyotyping ; Turner Syndrome ; genetics

Objective To observe the effects of excessive fluoride on osteocalcin and glucose metabolism in mice.Methods Thirty-two male C57 mice (body mass:18-24 g) were selected as study subjects which were randomized into four groups (8 mice in each group) according to their body mass by random number table method:0 mg/L group (control group),50 mg/L fluorine group,100 mg/L fluorine group and 150 mg/L fluorine group.Sodium fluoride in distilled water was freely taken by these animals to replicate fluorosis animal model.After 12 weeks,total osteocalcin,uncarboxylated osteocalcin,insulin and glucagon were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin were measured by chemiluminescence.Results After 12 weeks of intervention with sodium fluoride,serum total osteocalcin,uncarboxylated osteocalcin,fasting blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin,insulin,and glucagon were significantly different between different groups (F =17.23,22.29,4.43,45.57,4.45,55.21,P ＜ 0.05).Total osteocalcin,uncarboxylated osteocalcin,fasting blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin,and insulin in the 100,150 mg/L fluorine groups were higher than those of control group [(30.02 ± 5.35),(35.22 ± 4.98) vs (20.23 ± 3.22) μg/L;(8.72 ± 1.34),(11.01 ± 1.02) vs (5.80 ± 1.60) μg/L;(7.53 ± 2.29),(8.53 ± 2.81) vs (4.99 ± 1.60) mmol/L;(6.74 ± 0.68),(7.12 ± 0.25) vs (4.95 ± 0.28) mmol/L;(2.65 ± 0.25),(2.74 ± 0.47) vs (2.13 ± 0.28) mU/L,P＜ 0.05].The serum glucagon levels in the 50,100,150 mg/L fluorine groups were lower than that in the control group [(20.90 ± 3.00),(23.68 ± 2.58),(21.63 ± 2.42) vs (38.61 ± 3.73) ng/L,P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion Excessive fluoride can lead to elevated osteocalcin level and abnormal glucose metabolism in mice.

Objective:To investigate the effects of osteocalcin (BGP) on bone growth and development and the expression levels of related hormones in offspring rats under the intervention of sodium fluoride.Methods:Twenty-four clean female SD rats and 24 clean male SD rats were selected, weighing 180-220 g, and the rats were mated in a 1∶1 cage for 10 d. The fluorosis rat model was established by drinking the fluorosis water method, female rats were divided into 3 groups according to body weight by random number table method, each group of 8 rats, including the high-dose, low-dose and control groups, with sodium fluoride of 200, 100, 0 mg/L in drinking water. The female rats were exposed to fluoride from the 0th day of pregnancy to the 3rd week after the offspring rats were born (before weaning). After weaning, 10 male offspring rats were selected from each group and continued to be exposed to fluoride in the same amount and manner until the 12th week after birth. The body weight and length of the offspring rats were measured every week before weaning and every two weeks after weaning. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum BGP, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin (CT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) contents in the offspring rats of each group exposed to fluoride for 12 weeks.Results:In the 2nd week of fluoride exposure, the body weights [(27.25 ± 3.57), (26.27 ± 4.48) g] and body lengths [(6.92 ± 0.46), (6.50 ± 0.54) cm] of the low-dose and high-dose groups were lower than those of the control group [(31.32 ± 3.62) g, (7.19 ± 0.26) cm, P < 0.05], but there were no significant differences in body weights and lengths between the high-dose group and the low-dose group ( P > 0.05). From the 3rd week of fluoride exposure, the body weight and length of the high-dose group were lower than those of the low-dose group and the control group ( P < 0.05). Serum BGP, PTH and ALP contents [(5.42 ± 0.26) mg/L, (157.53 ± 32.21) ng/L, (36.62 ± 6.01) U/L] in the control group were lower than those of the low-dose group [(6.15 ± 0.29) mg/L, (212.26 ± 51.97) ng/L, (50.68 ± 6.11) U/L] and high-dose group [(7.31 ± 0.77) mg/L, (274.21 ± 60.32) ng/L, (74.99 ± 9.08) U/L], and CT content [(182.40 ± 17.39) ng/L] was higher than those of the low-dose and high-dose groups [(135.77 ± 14.06), (70.09 ± 13.49) ng/L], and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05); serum BGP, PTH and ALP contents in the high-dose group were higher than those in the low-dose group, and the CT content was lower than that in the low-dose group ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:Sodium fluoride may be involved in regulating the expression of related hormones by promoting the secretion of BGP, thereby affecting the bone growth and development of offspring rats.

Objective:To investigate the effects of different doses of fluoride on vascular endothelial injury in rats.Methods:Thirty clean male SD rats of 2 - 3 months old were selected, with body mass of 180 - 220 g. According to body mass, they were divided into three groups by random number table. The rat model of fluorosis was established by drinking water intoxication. According to the concentration of sodium fluoride in drinking water, the three dosage groups were blank control group (0 mg/L of sodium fluoride), low dose group (100 mg/L of sodium fluoride), and high dose group (200 mg/L of sodium fluoride), with 10 rats in each group. The rats were continuously exposed to fluoride for 12 weeks, and their body mass was measured every 2 weeks. After 12 weeks of fluoride exposure, the levels of serum osteocalcin (BGP), endothelin-1 (ET-1), intercellular adhesion factor-1 (ICAM-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and adiponectin (APN) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ultrastructure of vascular endothelium in rats was observed by transmission electron microscopy.Results:At the 4th week of fluoride exposure, the body mass of rats in the blank control group was higher than that of the fluoride-exposed groups [(306.90 ± 19.13), (280.31 ± 18.44), (269.03 ± 17.47) g, P < 0.05], but there was no significant difference between the low dose group and the high dose group ( P > 0.05). From the 6th week of fluoride exposure, the body mass of rats in the blank control group was higher than that in the fluoride-exposed groups [(377.40 ± 23.72), (329.50 ± 21.78), (306.75 ± 27.09); (422.89 ± 32.23), (368.90 ± 23.79), (343.00 ± 18.41); (450.00 ± 29.26), (395.17 ± 28.22), (362.99 ± 21.77); (473.20 ± 28.43), (409.27 ± 29.95), (371.76 ± 21.65) g, P < 0.05], while that in the high dose group was lower than that in the low dose group ( P < 0.05). After 12 weeks of fluoride exposure through drinking water, the levels serum BGP, ET-1, ICAM-1 and IL-6 in blank control group were lower than those in fluoride-exposed groups ( P < 0.05), and the serum APN was higher than that in fluoride-exposed groups ( P < 0.05); while the levels of serum BGP, ET-1, ICAM-1 and IL-6 in high dose group were higher than those in low dose group, and the level of serum APN was lower than that in low dose group ( P < 0.05). Compared with the blank control group, the external processes of vascular endothelial cells in the low dose group were not standardized, the endothelial cells were not closely connected with the basement membrane, and the vacuoles were obvious. In the high dose group, the endothelial cells became short or detached; the content of heterochromatin increased significantly, the endothelial cells dropped into the vascular cavity, and with endothelial cells apoptosis. Conclusion:High fluoride can cause vascular endothelial injury.