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PURPOSE: Orthotopic neobladder following radical cystectomy are currently preferred to the other urinary diversions. We have compared three different ureteroenteric anastomoses regarding change of the upper urinary tracts and evaluated correlation between the length of bowel used for bladder reconstruction and metabolic acidosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between Sep. 92 and Jul. 97, 37 patient(range 34-69 yrs) with bladder cancer underwent an orthotopic Mainz pouch with antireflux submucosal tunnel(n=10), an ileal low-pressure bladder substitute with direct ureteroileal anastomosis(Stuffier, n=15) and an ileal W-neobladder with serouslined ertramural tunnel(Ghoneim, n=12) following radical cystectomy Mean follow up was 22 months(7-64 twos). IVP and VCUG were performed at 6, 12 months postoperatively and annually thereafter. The measurement of serum electrolyte and/or arterial blood gas analysis were carried out every 3-6 months. RESULTS: The vesicoureteral reflux occurred in 37%(11/30 renal unit) with Stuffier pouch, 10%(2/20) with Mainz pouch, and none with Ghoneim(p=0.01). Moderate to severe hydronephrosis resulting from reflux was noted in 4 renal units with Stuffier pouch, while an atrophic kidney due to obstruction at ureteroenteric anastomosis was noted with each Mainz pouch and Ghoneim. Metabolic acidosis was identified in 5 patients(33%) with an Stuffier pouch whereas it was noted in less than 10% with Mainz pouch and Ghoneim(p=0.07). Two patients with deteriorated renal function need bicarbonate replacement therapy for correction of metabolic acidosis. CONCLUSIONS: Although most patients with direct ureteroileal anastomosis preserved renal function, antireflux ureteroenteric anastomosis using submucosal tunnel or serous-lined extramural tunnel is better in terms of occurrence of hydronephrosis and vesicoureteral reflux. The length of bowel less than 45cm used for bladder reconstruction may avoid metabolic acidosis
Acidosis* ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Cystectomy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Kidney ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Diversion ; Urinary Tract* ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

OBJECTIVES: The widespread adoption of health information technology (IT) will help contain health care costs by decreasing inefficiencies in healthcare delivery. Theoretically, health IT could lower hospitals' malpractice insurance premiums (MIPs) and improve the quality of care by reducing the number and size of malpractice. This study examines the relationship between health IT investment and MIP using California hospital data from 2006 to 2007. METHODS: To examine the effect of hospital IT on malpractice insurance expense, a generalized estimating equation (GEE) was employed. RESULTS: It was found that health IT investment was not negatively associated with MIP. Health IT was reported to reduce medical error and improve efficiency. Thus, it may reduce malpractice claims from patients, which will reduce malpractice insurance expenses for hospitals. However, health IT adoption could lead to increases in MIPs. For example, we expect increases in MIPs of about 1.2% and 1.5%, respectively, when health IT and labor increase by 10%. CONCLUSIONS: This study examined the effect of health IT investment on MIPs controlling other hospital and market, and volume characteristics. Against our expectation, we found that health IT investment was not negatively associated with MIP. There may be some possible reasons that the real effect of health IT on MIPs was not observed; barriers including communication problems among health ITs, shorter sample period, lower IT investment, and lack of a quality of care measure as a moderating variable.
California ; Delivery of Health Care ; Electronic Health Records ; Health Care Costs ; Health Information Systems ; Humans ; Insurance* ; Investments ; Malpractice* ; Medical Errors ; Medical Informatics*

PURPOSE: Vasoactive pharmacotherapy is now being widely used as practical and reliable method for the treatment of the patients with erectile dysfunction. The synergistic effect and low drug volume of each vasoactive drug in polypharmacotherapy for erectile dysfunction have made it possible to reduce both systemic and local complications with excellent success rate. We evaluated the treatment outcome of intracavernosal injection therapy with Trimix(the mixture of papaverine, phentolamine and prostaglandin E1). MATERIALS AND METHOD: From July 1993 to June 1997, 1000 patients with erectile dysfunction underwent a trial of intracavernous self injection therapy with Trimix(the mixture of papaverine 4.8mg, phentolamine 0.2mg and prostaglandin E1 1.8 microgram in 0.2ml). Underlying diseases were diabetes mellitus (33.1%), hypertension(7.5%) and others(12.3%). 471(47.1%) patients had no underlying disease. The volume of drug used ranged from 0.03 to 0.6ml(average: 0.18ml). RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 10.9 months(3-44 months), 524 patients stayed on the home injection program. The drop-out rate was 47.6% with most of the cases during early home phase. The reasons for drop-out were inadequate response to medication, failure of injection, return of spontaneous erection, switch to other treatments, priapism, fear of needle or injection, loss of interest and economic reason. 88.3% of patients and 85.3% of the partners were satisfied wilts the result of home injection program. Priapism(3.9%), pain or discomfort(2.4%) and granuloma on injection site(1.5%) were noticeable complications, but corporal fibrosis and systemic side effect were not noticed. CONCLUSIONS: Trimix intracavernosal injection therapy is minimally invasive, simple, relatively safe and most of all, very effective method for the treatment of the patients with erectile dysfunction.
Alprostadil ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Drug Therapy ; Erectile Dysfunction* ; Fibrosis ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Male ; Needles ; Papaverine ; Phentolamine ; Priapism ; Treatment Outcome

Purpose: To evaluate how a family history of prostate cancer influences the progression of the disease in individuals with prostate cancer undergoing active surveillance. Materials and Methods: We conducted a thorough literature search in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library up to June 2023. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023441853). The study evaluated the effects of family history of prostate cancer (intervention) on disease progression (outcome) in prostate cancer patients undergoing active surveillance (population) and compared them to those without a family history (comparators). For time to disease progression outcomes, the extracted data were synthesized using the inverse variance method on the log hazard ratios scale. Results: A total of eight studies were incorporated into this systematic review and meta-analysis. The combined hazard ratio for unadjusted disease progression was 1.06 (95% confidential interval [CI] 0.66–1.69; p=0.82). The combined hazard ratio for adjusted disease progression was 1.31 (95% CI 1.16–1.48; p<0.0001). All the enlisted studies demonstrated high quality based on the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. The certainty of evidence for univariate and multivariate analysis of disease progression was very low and low, respectively. Publication bias for all studies was not significant. Conclusions For individuals with prostate cancer opting for active surveillance, a family history of prostate cancer may serve as an independent risk factor associated with an elevated risk of disease progression. Clinicians should be counseled about the increased risk of disease progression in patients with a family history of prostate cancer undergoing active surveillance.

Purpose: To evaluate how a family history of prostate cancer influences the progression of the disease in individuals with prostate cancer undergoing active surveillance. Materials and Methods: We conducted a thorough literature search in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library up to June 2023. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023441853). The study evaluated the effects of family history of prostate cancer (intervention) on disease progression (outcome) in prostate cancer patients undergoing active surveillance (population) and compared them to those without a family history (comparators). For time to disease progression outcomes, the extracted data were synthesized using the inverse variance method on the log hazard ratios scale. Results: A total of eight studies were incorporated into this systematic review and meta-analysis. The combined hazard ratio for unadjusted disease progression was 1.06 (95% confidential interval [CI] 0.66–1.69; p=0.82). The combined hazard ratio for adjusted disease progression was 1.31 (95% CI 1.16–1.48; p<0.0001). All the enlisted studies demonstrated high quality based on the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. The certainty of evidence for univariate and multivariate analysis of disease progression was very low and low, respectively. Publication bias for all studies was not significant. Conclusions For individuals with prostate cancer opting for active surveillance, a family history of prostate cancer may serve as an independent risk factor associated with an elevated risk of disease progression. Clinicians should be counseled about the increased risk of disease progression in patients with a family history of prostate cancer undergoing active surveillance.