The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased with the incidence of obesity; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In this study, high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) along with transcriptomics were applied on animal models to draw a mechanistic insight of NAFLD. Wild type (WT) and catalase knockout (CKO) mice were fed with normal fat diet (NFD) or high fat diet (HFD) to identify the changes in metabolic and transcriptomic profiles caused by catalase gene deletion in correspondence with HFD. Integrated omics analysis revealed that cholic acid and 3β, 7α-dihydroxy-5-cholestenoate along with cyp7b1 gene involved in primary bile acid biosynthesis were strongly affected by HFD. The analysis also showed that CKO significantly changed all-trans-5,6-epoxy-retinoic acid or all-trans-4-hydroxy-retinoic acid and all-trans-4-oxo-retinoic acid along with cyp3a41b gene in retinol metabolism, and α/γ-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and thromboxane A2 along with ptgs1 and tbxas1 genes in linolenic acid metabolism. Our results suggest that dysregulated primary bile acid biosynthesis may contribute to liver steatohepatitis, while up-regulated retinol metabolism and linolenic acid metabolism may have contributed to oxidative stress and inflammatory phenomena in our NAFLD model created using CKO mice fed with HFD.

Black larder beetles prefer to feed on decomposing animal bodies, particularly those that are dried. When conditions are dry and warm, these beetles often appear in large numbers on dried animal carcasses. In our case, the dried carcasses of several cats were found nearly skeletonized at a villa in Daegu Metropolitan City on July 13, 2022. There were very few empty pupae of Lucilia sericata (Meigen) in the villa, but many adult black larder beetles, larvae, and larval cast skin (exuviae) (Dermestes haemorrhoidalis Küster) belonging to the family of larder beetles (Dermestidae) were found. We estimated the minimum post-mortem interval to be 44.5 days using temperature data from the nearest meteorological observatory and reported animal carcass decomposition and Dermestidae developmental rates. Police investigation confirmed that the cats were alive at least 3 months ago. Consequently, the neglected cats could not have been deceased in the villa for more than 3 months. As a result, the estimate closely matched the statement from the suspect.