Purpose: To compare the results of lacrimal syringing performed in clinical practice and under general anesthesia, and the clinical efficacy of lacrimal syringing under general anesthesia before endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy and dacryoscintigraphy. Methods: The study included 148 eyes of 82 patients who underwent endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy and silicone tube intubation from August 2018 to April 2019. The patients were examined with lacrimal syringing in clinical practice and re‐examined under general anesthesia. Based on the change in lacrimal syringing, the patients were assigned to inconsistent and consistent groups. The inconsistent group was subclassified into complete (‘regurgitation’ of lacrimal syringing changes to a ‘passage’ pattern) and partial improvement groups (the degree of regurgitation improves under general anesthesia). Results: Twenty (13.5%) eyes showed inconsistent results of lacrimal syringing performed in clinical practice and under general anesthesia; all showed improved passage under general anesthesia. The surgical results did not differ significantly (p = 0.336) between the consistent and inconsistent groups, but did between the complete and partial improvement groups (p < 0.01). Conclusions Lacrimal syringing under general anesthesia may enable an accurate preoperative diagnosis of the degree of obstruction. The combined results of dacryoscintigraphy and lacrimal syringing performed in clinical practice and under general anesthesia allow surgeons to evaluate the lacrimal drainage anatomy precisely and may be useful for predicting the functional success of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy.

PURPOSE: To analyze the causes, success rate, and the changes of Jones tube length in endoscopic conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy (CDCR) reoperation cases. METHODS: The medical records of 40 patients (41 eyes, a total of 52 cases) who underwent reoperation of CDCR with Jones tube reinsertion using an endoscope from January 2013 to December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. We analyzed the success rate, causes of reoperation, changes in lengths of used tubes, and the average interval times between operations. RESULTS: The most common cause of reoperation was medial tube migration (53.8%). As in other causes, tube loss (17.3%), obstructions related with conjunctival overgrowth or granulation (13.46%), lateral tube migration (11.53%), iatrogenic removal (1.92%), and acute dacryocystitis (1.92%) followed. In patients with medial tube migration, the average tube length used in reoperations decreased by approximately 1.11 mm compared to prior operations. In cases of lateral tube migration, the average tube length increased approximately 1.00 mm after the reoperation. The success rate of reoperations was 78.04%. The average interval time between the initial operation and the first reoperation was 52 months. In cases with several reoperations, the interval time decreased as the number of reoperations increased. CONCLUSIONS Because medial tube migration was found to be the most common cause of reoperations, it should be considered as a potential problem when performing surgery. The changes in the lengths of inserted Jones tubes were related to certain types of complication, which affected the prognoses. In endoscopic CDCR reoperations, the success rate was favorable. In recurrent cases, the average interval time between reoperations decreased as the number of operations increased.

Stellate ganglion block (SGB) is a procedure that is widely used for many diseases associated with sympathetically-maintained pain in the head, neck, and upper extremities. Various hemodynamic changes may occur after SGB. Among them, we experienced two patients who developed highly increased blood pressure after SGB. We suspect that the spread of local anesthetics produced parasympathetic blockade of the vagus nerve, an imbalance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic activities and deafferentiation of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve, which both innervated the carotid sinus, as the mechanism of this increased blood pressure.
Anesthetics, Local ; Blood Pressure ; Carotid Sinus ; Head ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Neck ; Stellate Ganglion ; Upper Extremity ; Vagus Nerve

Although it is well known that sleep disturbances can be developed in complete blindness, normally entrained circadian rhythm was observed in the majority of patients with partial blindness. Here, we describe a case with circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder in partial loss of light perception. A 58-year-old man presented with difficulty in sleep initiation and excessive daytime sleepiness after retinal surgery. The electroretinography revealed partial impairment of light perception in the right side and preserved light perception in the left side. He was diagnosed as circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder due to impaired light perception. While taking 2 mg of melatonin regularly at 9 every night, his sleep cycle and difficulty in sleep initiation were gradually improved and became fully normalized after 2 weeks. Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder could be developed even in partial blindness. Melatonin supplements could effectively improve the circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder in partial blindness, like as in complete blindness.
Blindness ; Circadian Rhythm ; Electroretinography ; Humans ; Melatonin ; Middle Aged ; Retinaldehyde

Intramural hematoma of the gastrointestinal tract is a rare disease entity. Pancreatitis-induced intramural gastric hematoma (IGH) is far more seldom reported. Here, we report a rare case of a giant IGH occurring as a delayed complication of pancreatitis in a 51-year-old man. The diagnosis was made using computed tomography (CT) and endoscopic ultrasonography. The patient was conservatively managed, and follow-up abdominal CT showed marked decreases in the size of the IGH.