BACKGROUND: Impoverished undergraduate is a new and special group appearing under the market economy. Strengthening depth and extent is necessary to probe into and study it.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the social support of impoverished undergraduates and probe into its effect on mental health of impoverished undergraduates.DESIGN: Cross-section survey, clustering stratified sampling SETTING: College of Education of Jiangxi Normal University PARTICIPANTS: Totally 445 impoverished undergraduates of Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, East China Jiaotong University and so on of nanchang city were recruited in October 2002. All the participants were volunteers.METHODS: Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) was used to evaluate the social support of impoverished undergraduates. The scale is composed of 10 items including objective support, subjective support, and utilization degree of support. Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) was used to evaluate the mental health status of impoverished undergraduates. SCL-90 has 90 tests, using 1 to 5 degree to score( from not present to severe), including somatization, obsessive compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression,anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychoticism (9 factors). During the process of investigation, the testee was tested singly in 2 hours without interference and influence of others. The questionnaires were taken back and the authenticity and validity of the questionnaires was verified.RESULTS: All the 500 questionnaires handed out were taken back. Totally 445 pieces of effective questionnaires were involved in the analysis with the effective rate of 89%. ① There was significant difference in objective support and utilization degree of the support between the impoverished undergraduate of either gender (P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05); ②There were significant differences in subjective support and utilization degree of support between only-child and non-only-child (P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05);③ There was significant difference in utilization degree of the support between impoverished undergraduates from city and impoverished undergraduates from country(P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05 );④Obvious correlation existed between mental health and social support of the impoverished undergraduates;⑤Through regression analysis, it showed that social support had significant effect on the mental health of impoverished undergraduate (F= 12.770,P=0.000).CONCLUSION: Significant difference existed between different genders,only-child or non-only-child, impoverished undergraduates coming from urban area or rural area. Social support has significant effect on the mental health of impoverished undergraduates.

Objepctive To explore the protective effect of modified recombinant human aFGF ( Mrh-aFGF) on the neurons in ventral tegmental area of rats with Parkinson’ s disease ( PD) . Methods The 54 SD rats were ramdomly divided into the control group,the model group and the treatment group,and there were 18 rats in each group. PD rats of the model group and the treatment group were induced by in-jecting 6-OHDA into the left substantia nigra compacta ( SNC) and ventral tegmental area ( VTA) to build the PD model. Rats in the treat-ment group were given Mrh-aFGF injection after lateral ventricle injection,and the behavioral changes of the rats were detected after apomor-phine injection. The morphologic features and pathological changes of neurons in the ventral tegmental area were observed by Nissl’ s staining and electronic microscope. Results Compared to the right VTA of PD rats,the number of neurons in left side ( the injured side) decreased significantly in the model group(P<0. 05). In the treatment group,the structure of left (the injured side) VTA was markedly improved and the number of neurons was increased one week,two weeks and four weeks after operation compared with the model group (P<0. 05). The neurons in the VTA of the model group were found to have karyopyknosis,endoplasmic reticulum,degranulation,mitochondria swelling,cristae disappear,pre-synaptic and post-synaptic membranes swelling,and synaptic cleft disappear. In the treatment group,the ultrastructure of the neurons in the VTA,such as nuclei,mitochondria,synaptic structure,kept well compared to the model group. Conclusion Mrh-aFGF could protect the neurons in the ventral tegmental area from the loss and improve the ultrastructure of the neurons of PD rats.

Anatomy experimental teaching for nursing students in higher vocational college should reflect the actuality of nursing work,strengthen anatomical structure knowledge related with nursing procedures,help solve the difficuhies in nursing operation.We reformed on experimental item,experiment teaching content,design of experiment teaching procedure and making of experiment teaching specimens,etc.We also created situational teaching scene and combine anatomical structure with nursing ideas thus to make the students master the knowledge of anatomy,which can meet the clinical nursing operation related requirements.Therefore,basic medical education must make students use what they learn and closely correlated with its profession and clinical application.

BACKGROUND: Due to glucocorticoid (GG) is used wildly on clinic, incidence rate of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head is increased.Apoptosis of bone cells plays a key role in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head during earlier period.OBJECTIVE: To induce models of femoral head necrosis of rabbits by steroid steroid so as to observe the effect of integrated Chinese and western medicine on preventing apoptosis of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study.SETTING: Pharmacological Department and Anatomy Department of Medical College of Shaoguan University, Pathological Department of Yuebei People's Hospital of Guangdong Province.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out at the Central Laboratory of Medical College of Shaoguan University from April to July 2005. A total of 30 adult New Zealand white rabbits were selected and randomly divided into blank control group, steroid group and preventive medicine group with 10 in each group.Xuesai tongpian, main component of panax notoginseng saponin, was provided by Yuxi Weihe Pharmaceutical Company Limited (batch number: 200410290; 25 mg/pill); zhibituo pian, main component of shanzha, baizhu, hongqu, was provided by Chengdu Di 'ao Jiuhong Pharmaceutical Factory (batch number: 0410063, 350 mg/pill); alendronate, main component of 4-amido-1-hydroxy butylidene-1, was provided by Hainan Mankexing Pharmaceutical Factory (batch number: 040501, 5 mg/pill); dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection was provided by Henan Tiankang Pharmaceutical Company Limited (batch number: 040905, 5 g/L).METHODS: ① One week later, rabbits in steroid group and preventive medicine group were injected with 1 mL dexamethasone sodium phosphate solution twice a week to establish models of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head. Animals in blank control group did not model and were injected with the same volume of saline at the same time point. ② Rabbits in preventive medicine group were prefused with 25 mg xuesai tong, 350 mg zhibituo and 5 mg alendronate at the same time for 8 weeks. Animals in steroid group and blank control group did not treat with any medicine. Benzylpenicillin was injected into muscle of animals in each group for infection prevention with the dosage of 50 000 u each rabbit twice a week. ③ One week after discontinue, apoptosis of femoral head was detected with in situ end-labeling (ISEL) method. Ten areas were selected from each carry sheet glass to calculate numbers of apoptosis in every 100 cells. Pathological changes of ultrastructure were observed with double staining of uranium acetic acid and lead citromalic acid.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Results of apoptosis of femoral head; ② Results of pathological changes of ultrastructure of femoral head under electron microscope.RESULTS: A total of 30 adult New Zealand white rabbits were selected in this study. Because one rabbit in preventive medicine group died during process, 29 rabbits were involved in the final analysis. ① Results of apoptosis of femoral head: Buffy granulosum positive cells, i.e. apoptosis cells,were observed in nucleus in steroid group. Numbers of apoptosis every 100cells were more in steroid group than those in blank control group and preventive medicine group (24.14±5.46, 2.47±0.76, 8.12±3.23, q=8.76, q=13.45, P ＜ 0.01), and numbers in blank control group were similar to those in preventive medicine group (P ＞ 0.05). ② Results of pathological changes of ultrastructure of femoral head under electron microscope: Volume of nucleus in steroid group was decreased; chromatin was aggregated at edge; part of chromatin was dark and thick; density of electron was increased; structure was unclear; characteristics of apoptosis were shown. Nuclear membrane in preventive medicine group was complete under electron microscope, chromatin was steady, and the nucleus was accounted for one third of cell.CONCLUSION: The integrated application of xuesai tong,, zhibituo and alendronate can inhibit hormonal-induced apoptosis of femoral head after necrosis of femoral head induced by steroid steroid.

BACKGROUND: At present, the researches on steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head are mostly concentrated on the treatment of formed necrosis. And there are fewer reports on how to prevent the ostoenecrosis of the femoral head in the course of steroid therapy.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of preventive medication on femoral head structure and blood flow in steroid-induced osteonecrosis.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment.SETTING: Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Shaoguan University; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangdong Province Yuebei People's Hospital.MATERIALS: Thirty adult New Zealand rabbits of either sex, whose body mass was (2.5±0.5) kg.METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Central Laboratory,Medical College of Shaoguan University, the Department of Electron Microscope, the Northern Campus of Guangzhou, Sun Yat-sen University, and the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangdong Province Yuebei People's Hospital from April to July 2005. ①Thirty rabbits were divided randomly into 3 groups with 10 rabbits in each group: control group with intramuscular injection of 1 mL/kg normal saline twice a week and meanwhile, intragastric administration of normal saline(10 mL/d), steroid group with intramuscular injection of dexamethasone sodium phosphate(1 mL/kg) twice a week and meanwhile, intragastric administration of normal saline(10 mL/d),treatment group with intramuscular injection of dexamethasone sodium phosphate(1 mL/kg) twice a week and meanwhile, intragastric administration ofXuesaitong(25 mg/kg), Zhibituo(350 mg/kg) and alendronate(5 mg/kg)daily for 8 weeks. ②After 1 week of drug withdrawal, the blood flow of femoral head was measured in all the rabbits with radioactive microsphere technique, and the histological changes were observed under light microscope and electron microscope.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Blood flow of the femoral head in each group.②Histological and morphological changes, and ultrastructure of the femoral head cartilage in each group.RESULTS: ①The blood flow in the treatment group was more than that in the steroid group[(0.261±0.042), (0.197±0.053) mL/(min·g), q=6.10,P ＜ 0.01]. Compared with the control group[(0.243±0.039) mL/(min ·g)],the difference was not significant. ②The number of empty bone lacunae in the treatment group was fewer significantly than that in the steroid group [(15.22±5.49), (24.78±7.87) pieces, q=6.35, P ＜ 0.01]. However, there was no difference between the treatment group and control gruop [(10.38±3.78)pieces].③In the treatment group, the bone cells were normal, the endoplasmic reticula were abundant and the cellular nuclei were of normal shape.In the steroid group, the bone cells contracted in volume, the pyknosis occurred, the chromatin gathered to the edge and the bone lacuna enlarged.CONCLUSION: While using steroid hormone for long, using Xuesaitong,Zhibituo and alendronate may elevate the blood flow of femoral head, improve the tissue structure of bone and prevent or lighten steroid-induced necrosis of femoral head.

Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of Alport syndrome in children. Methods Clinical and pathological information gathered from 62 patients during March 1989 to August 2012 was retrospectively analyzed. Results Four autosomal recessive Alport syndromes (AR-AS) and 58 X-linked Alport syndromes (XL-AS) were analyzed. Of the XL-AS, 47 were boys and 11 were girls. Most of patients induced by upper respiratory tract infections, and onset with hematuria and proteinuria. There was no signiifcant gender difference in family history, impaired renal tubular proteins, hypertension, im-paired renal function, hearing loss, ocular abnormalities or renal pathological changes under light microscopy. However, extensive lamination and split of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) dense layers were found in 83.0%male and 18.2%female patients (P=0.000) and the rest patients were presented with limited distribution of typical GBM changes. Proteinuria progressed signiif-cantly with age in XL-AS males (r=0.501, P=0.000). Five XL-AS patients developed to end stage renal disease (ESRD) between 11 to 16 years old. Conclusions XL-AS is the main inherited type and severe changes of GBM are common in XL-AS males. Proteinuria increases remarkably with age. The detection of type IV collagen in renal tissue or skin is helpful to diagnose Alport syndrome and conifrm inheritance modes.

Objective To investigate the effects of low GI cereals on metabolomics and pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM),in order to explore the preventive and therapeutic mechanisms and provide the basis for nutritional interventions.Metbods Pregnant women with gestational diabetes were assigned to the treatment group (n=31),using low GI grains 12 weeks for nutrition intervention and the control group (n =31) according to the random digital table method;30 healthy pregnant women were enrolled as normal control group.At 36th gestational week serum was analyzed by 1H-NMR metabolomics approach.Pregnancy outcomes were gathered for statistics after delivery.Comparison among groups and related influencing factors analysis were conducted.Results After nutritional intervention for 12 weeks,there were statistically significant differences in 15 potential biomarkers associated with gestational diabetes between the treatment group and the control group (P＜0.05),and no statistically significant difference between the treatment group and the normal control group (P＞0.05),that was the pregnant women in the treatment group were close to normal pregnant women.Cesarean rate,gestational weight gain,glycosylated hemoglobin during delivery,fasting insulin and newborn birth weight were significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the GI of diet,fasting insulin and blood glucose were influencing factors for metabolomics in women with GDM.Conclusions Using low GI cereals intervention treatments,the pregnancy outcomes of GDM are improved distinctly with the possible mechanisms as adjusting the related biomarkers.Our study provides evidences for further exploring etiology and the therapeutic mechanisms of GDM,and individualized medical nutrition treatment strategy.

Objective:To observe the effects of blue light intervention on the development of optical defocus-induced myopia in guinea pigs and investigate its underlying mechanisms.Methods:Forty-eight normal-grade two-week-old tricolor guinea pigs were randomly divided into a blue light group and a white light group, with 24 animals in each group.The right eye of guinea pigs was fitted with a -5.00 D lens to establish an optical defocus model as the experimental eye, while the left eye served as the control without any covering.Before the experiment and after 8-week intervention, the refractive power of guinea pigs was measured by streak retinoscopy.The anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and axial length were measured by A-scan ultrasonography.Corneal curvature radius was determined using a keratometer.After 8-week intervention, the guinea pigs were euthanized through overanesthesia, and the right eyeballs were enucleated and the retinas were isolated.The density of S and M cone cells of the guinea pig retinal sections were observed via immunofluorescence staining.The expression of retinal retinoic acid was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography.The expressions of retinoic acid receptor (RAR-β) in the retina and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), and type Ⅰ collagen in the sclera were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Changes in scleral thickness were observed through hematoxylin-eosin staining.The use and care of the animals complied with Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University (No.2022ETKLD10032).Results:After 8 weeks of intervention, guinea pigs in the blue light group showed (0.63±0.12)D of relative hyperopia and a deceleration of axial elongation by (0.08±0.00)mm compared with the white light group in the right eye.In the left eye, guinea pigs in the blue light group showed (0.42±0.09)D of relative hyperopia and a deceleration of axial elongation by (0.08±0.00)mm compared with the white light group.The guinea pigs in blue light group showed (1.52±0.09)D of myopia in the right eye compared with the left eye, with an increase in axial elongation of (0.06±0.00)mm.The guinea pigs in white light group showed (1.66±0.07)D of myopia in the right eye compared with the left eye, with an increase in axial elongation of (0.13±0.00)mm, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). The density of M cone cells was lower and density of S cone cells was higher in the blue light group in the dorsal and ventral sides of the retinal sections compared with the white light group, showing statistically significant differences ( t=32.33, 52.23, 42.09, 25.02; all at P<0.05). The deceleration of myopia progression in the blue light group was strongly positively correlated with the increase in S cone cell density on the ventral side ( r=0.95, P<0.01). The expression levels of retinoic acid, RAR-β, and MMP-2 were decreased, and expression levels of TIMP-2 and type Ⅰ collagen were increased in blue light group compared with the white light group, showing statistically significant differences ( t=18.73, 7.45, 3.72, 6.19, 9.03; all at P<0.05). The scleral thickness in the blue light group was (125.0±7.8)μm, which was significantly thicker than (102.0±6.3)μm in the white light group ( t=26.93, P<0.05). Conclusions:Blue light intervention can inhibit the progression of defocus-induced myopia in guinea pigs.Refractive power changes in guinea pigs may be influenced by alterations in retinal cone cell density, retinoic acid expression, and scleral collagen expression.

Nitrate is the main form of inorganic nitrogen that crop absorbs, and nitrate transporter 2 (NRT2) is a high affinity transporter using nitrate as a specific substrate. When the available nitrate is limited, the high affinity transport systems are activated and play an important role in the process of nitrate absorption and transport. Most NRT2 cannot transport nitrates alone and require the assistance of a helper protein belonging to nitrate assimilation related family (NAR2) to complete the absorption or transport of nitrates. Crop nitrogen utilization efficiency is affected by environmental conditions, and there are differences between varieties, so it is of great significance to develop varieties with high nitrogen utilization efficiency. Sorghum bicolor has high stress tolerance and is more efficient in soil nitrogen uptake and utilization. The S. bicolor genome database was scanned to systematically analyze the gene structure, chromosomal localization, physicochemical properties, secondary structure and transmembrane domain, signal peptide and subcellular localization, promoter region cis-acting elements, phylogenetic evolution, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) recognition and annotation, and selection pressure of the gene family members. Through bioinformatics analysis, 5 NRT2 gene members (designated as SbNRT2-1a, SbNRT2-1b, SbNRT2-2, SbNRT2-3, and SbNRT2-4) and 2 NAR2 gene members (designated as SbNRT3-1 and SbNRT3-2) were identified, the number of which was less than that of foxtail millet. SbNRT2/3 were distributed on 3 chromosomes, and could be divided into four subfamilies. The genetic structure of the same subfamilies was highly similar. The average value of SbNRT2/3 hydrophilicity was positive, indicating that they were all hydrophobic proteins, whereas α-helix and random coil accounted for more than 70% of the total secondary structure. Subcellular localization occurred on plasma membrane, where SbNRT2 proteins did not contain signal peptides, but SbNRT3 proteins contained signal peptides. Further analysis revealed that the number of transmembrane domains of the SbNRT2s family members was greater than 10, while that of the SbNRT3s were 2. There was a close collinearity between NRT2/3s of S. bicolor and Zea mays. Protein domains analysis showed the presence of MFS_1 and NAR2 protein domains, which supported executing high affinity nitrate transport. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that SbNRT2/3 were more closely related to those of Z. mays and Setaria italic. Analysis of gene promoter cis-acting elements indicated that the promoter region of SbNRT2/3 had several plant hormones and stress response elements, which might respond to growth and environmental cues. Gene expression heat map showed that SbNRT2-3 and SbNRT3-1 were induced by nitrate in the root and stem, respectively, and SbNRT2-4 and SbNRT2-3 were induced by low nitrogen in the root and stem. Non-synonymous SNP variants were found in SbNRT2-4 and SbNRT2-1a. Selection pressure analysis showed that the SbNRT2/3 were subject to purification and selection during evolution. The expression of SbNRT2/3 gene and the effect of aphid infection were consistent with the expression analysis results of genes in different tissues, and SbNRT2-1b and SbNRT3-1 were significantly expressed in the roots of aphid lines 5-27sug, and the expression levels of SbNRT2-3, SbNRT2-4 and SbNRT3-2 were significantly reduced in sorghum aphid infested leaves. Overall, genome-wide identification, expression and DNA variation analysis of NRT2/3 gene family of Sorghum bicolor provided a basis for elucidating the high efficiency of sorghum in nitrogen utilization.
Nitrate Transporters ; Nitrates/metabolism* ; Sorghum/metabolism* ; Anion Transport Proteins/metabolism* ; Phylogeny ; Protein Sorting Signals/genetics* ; Nitrogen/metabolism* ; DNA ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Plant Proteins/metabolism*