Objective To evaluate the effect of enteral nutrition emulsion on the immunologic function and intestinal mucous barrier in diabetic patients. Methods Eighty diabetic patients were randomly divided into con-trol group (n=40) and enteral nutrition group (n=40). The urine lactulose (L) and mannitol (M) levels and the blood immunologic indicators recorded on day 1 and day 8. Results The L/M ratio was significantly lower in enteral nutrition group than in control group on day 1 and day 8 ( P < 0. 05 ). The IgG level was significantly higher in enteral nutrition group than in control group on day 8 ( P = 0. 02 ). Conclusion Enteral nutrition emulsion can decrease the permeability of intestinal mucous membrane and improve the immunologic function in diabetic pa-tients.

Objective To optimize the extraction process of Euphorbia hirta L.by Central composite design/response surface methodology with ethanol by the ultrasonic extraction technology.Methods Based on the single factor experiment and central composite design-response surface methodology,the content of quercitroside was regarded as evaluation index,select ethanol concentration,extraction time,and solid-liquid ratio as three evaluation factors to achieve the purpose. Results The results indicated that the optimal extraction process was obtained as follows:10 times the amount of 60% ethanol under ultrasound for 2 times,50 min each;the average content of the quercitroside was 2.39 mg/g.Conclusion The method to optimize the extraction process is simple and reasonable.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of the contents of ligustroflavone,specnuezhe-nide,demethylwedelolactone and wedelolactone in Zibu ganshen pill. METHODS:Dual-wavelength HPLC was performed on the column of Elite C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.5%acetic acid(gradient elution)at flow rate of 0.9 ml/min,column temper-ature was 25 ℃,detection wavelengths were 224 nm(0-30 min) and 351 nm (30-50 min),and the injection volume was 20 μl. RESULTS:The linear range was 6.75-135.00μg/ml(r=0.999 5)for ligustroflavone,6.54-130.80μg/ml(r=0.999 8)for specnuezhe-nide,4.90-98.00μg/ml(r=0.999 4)for demethylwedelolactone and 6.42-128.40μg/ml(r=0.999 6)for wedelolactone;RSDs of pre-cision,stability and reproducibility tests were no more than 1.25%;average recoveries were 96.15%-99.96%(RSD<2%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is rapid,sensitive and accurate,and can be used for the contents determination of ligustroflavone, specnuezhenide,demethylwedelolactone and wedelolactone in Zibu ganshen pill.

Objective:To develop an HPLC-DAD-ELSD method for the determination of nitidine chloride, 5-ethoxychelerythrine, bergeninum and ardisiacrispin A in Shangtong tinctures ( STD) . Methods: A Hypersil C18 column was used as the chromatographic column, the flow rate was 0. 8 ml·min-1 . For nitidine chloride and 5-ethoxychelerythrine, the mobile phase A consisted of acetoni-trile,the mobile phase B consisted of 0. 1% formic acid-triethylamine (pH 4. 5),and the DAD detection wavelength was at 273 nm. For bergeninum and ardisiacrispin A, the mobile phase consisted of methanol-water(25∶75), the temperature of drift tube was set at 95℃, and the gas flow (N2) was set at 2. 5 SLPM·min-1. Results:There was a good linear relationship between the concentration and peak area for nitidine chloride and 5-ethoxychelerythrine within the range of 0. 021-0. 426 μg (r=0. 999 5) and 0. 075-1. 494 μg (r=0. 999 8), respectively. The average recovery was 99. 22%(RSD=0. 64%) and 98. 61%(RSD=0. 46%), respectively. There was a good linear relationship between the concentration and peak area for bergeninum and ardisiacrispin A within the range of 0. 215-4. 304 μg(r=0. 999 3) and 0. 286-5. 728 μg(r=0. 999 7), respectively. The average recovery was 99. 15%(RSD=0. 77%) and 99. 25%(RSD=0. 56%) accordingly. Conclusion:The method is accurate, sensitive and reproducible, and can be used in the de-termination of nitidine chloride, 5-ethoxychelerythrine, bergeninum and ardisiacrispin A in STD.

Objective To study the risk factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA)infection and homology of PA isolated from nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients undergoing radiotherapy,and prevent and control the spread of in-fection.Methods Bacteria isolated from clinical specimens were identified by BD Phoenix automated microbiology system. Gene homology were analyzed with randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)technique.Results Forty-nine strains of PA were mainly isolated from 43 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients,the major specimens were nasopharyngeal swab (46.94% ),sputum(32.65% ),and oral secretion (10.20% ).All these strains were amplified 46 electrophore-sis diagrams,and 19 genotypes were identified. The highly homologous genotypes of type H and J strains were mainly isolated from patients in the second section (57.14% ,4/7)and fourth section (60.00% ,3/5)of radiotherapy department respectively. Conclusion Localized epidemic of highly homologous PA exists in different sections of ward,transfer of patients between different sections is the risk factor for homology PA infection/colonization. Gen-otyping technique such as RAPD for analyzing the homology of pathogenic bacteria in healthcare-associated infection has important value in preventing and control Ling infection spread.

BACKGROUND: Revascularization is a challenge for the tissue-engineered bone carrying cells after implanted into human body. Previous studies have found that tanshinol can improve the functions of endothelial progenitor cells and exert vascular protective effects.OBJECTIVE: To prepare the β-calcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffold with tanshinol coating, and to observe its cytocompatibility.METHODS: The β-TCP scaffolds coated with 10-7, 10-6 and 10-5 mol of tanshinol were constructed by negative pressure absorption method. The distribution of tanshinol coating on the scaffold was observed using scanning electron microscopy,and the inner ingredients were analyzed by infrared spectrum. Human endothelial progenitor cells (hEPCs) were cultured in the extracts of β-TCP and β-TCP scaffolds with 10-7, 10-6, 10-5 mol of tanshinol coatings, respectively. The cell proliferation was detected at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days of culture; the levels of nitric oxide and vascular endothelial growth factor in the supernatants were detected at 1, 7 and 14 days of culture; the lumen formation on the matrigel was observed after 14-day culture. hEPCs were respectively seeded onto the β-TCP and β-TCP scaffolds with different dosages of tanshinol coating,and then the cell growth was observed under scanning electron microscope at 7 days.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The tanshinol coating evenly distributed on the inner surface of the pores, and its crystalline structure became dense with dosage increasing. Infrared spectrum analysis revealed no changes in the characteristic absorption peak of tanshinol and TCP in the scaffold. The β-TCP scaffolds with tanshinol coating could promote the proliferation of hEPCs, especially the scaffolds with 10-6 and 10-5 mol tanshinol coating. Compared with the β-TCP scaffold, the scaffolds with 10-6 and 10-5 mol tanshinol coating significantly upregulated the nitric oxide level at 14 days of culture, and significantly increased the level of vascular endothelial growth factor at 7 and 14 days of culture (P <0.05). Although it could be found in all β-TCP scaffolds with tanshinol coating, the lumen formation was the maturest in the scaffold with 10-5 mol tanshinol coating. These results suggest the β-TCP scaffolds with tanshinol coating can promote the proliferation and endothelial differentiation of hEPCs, and hold a good cytocompatibility.

Objectiye To investigate the value of liver transplantation for the treatment of end-stage hepatic alveolar echinococcosis(HAE).Methods The clinical data of 8 patients with end-stage HAE who received liver transplantation at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from December 2000 to August 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.The operation time,anhepatic phase,infusion of suspension of red blood cells and postoperative complications were observed.Results The median operation time,anhepatic phase and infusion of suspension of red blood cells were 635 minutes(range,490-760 minutes),66 minutes(range,44-240 minutes)and 20 U(range,4-40 U).Liver transplantation was successfully carried out on 7 patients except for 1 patient who received emergent liver transplantation died of severe hepatic encephalopathy,renal failure and coagulation disorder on postoperative day 1.The median follow-up time was 6 months(range,3-29 months).One patient died of septicopyemia in postoperative month 3,1 died of incurable infection of bile duct in postoperative month 5,and 1 died of acute rejection in postoperative month 6.One patient was complicated with stricture of the bile duct anastomosis,and was cured by choledochojejunostomy.The size of the metastatic lesion in the left lung of 1 patient was reduced.One patient who underwent liver autotransplantation had no signs of residual liver disease with good liver function.Conclusion End-stage HAE is an indication for liver transplantation.A minimum dose of immunosuppressive agent and systemic administration of anti-HAE drugs are necessary to prevent the recurrence of HAE and ensure a long-term survival.Liver autotransplantation is the optimal method for the treatment of end-stage HAE,because no immunosuppressive agent is needed after operation.

Objective To investigate the inhibitive effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the immunological rejection in rats after liver transplantation. Methods The recipients and donors were female SD rats and Wistar rats. All rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (28 rats in each group). Rats in group A were infused with normal saline; rats in group B received FK506 (0.25 mg/kg) every 2 days for 2 weeks after liver transplantation; rats in group C were injected with MSCs from male Wistar rats during liver transplantation. The pathological changes, expression of TGF-β1 and IL-10, Y chromosome location, changes of liver function and the survival of the recipients were detected on postoperative day 10. The levels of ALT and AST were analyzed by com-pletely randomised design analysis of variance, and the difference among the 3 groups were analyzed by LSD. Ridit was used to analyze the pathological grading. The survival was analyzed by Log-rank test after the Kaplan-Meier survival curve was drawn. Results The values of ALT and AST were (756±104)U/L and (635±134)U/L in group A, (197±49)U/L and (331±78) U/L in group B, (103±31)U/L and (150±38) U/L in group C, respectively. The difference in the level of ALT and AST among the 3 groups had statistical significance (F = 158, 265, P < 0.05). The liver function of rats in group B and C was better than those in group A (P < 0.01), and the liver function of rats in group C was better than those in group B. The mean values of ridit in group A, B and C were 0.8333, 0.4583 and 0.2083, respectively. The expression rates of TCG-β1 in group A, B and C were 18%±5% , 69%±20% and 85%±24% , with statistical difference among the 3 groups (F=191, P <0.01). There was a significant difference in IL-10 expression among group A (21%±5%), group B (75%±14%) and group C (91%±21%) (F=672, P<0.01). The TCG-β1 and IL-10 had strong positive expression in group B and C, and the expression of TCG-β1 and IL-10 was much stronger in group C than in group B; while the expres-sion of TCG-β1 and IL-10 was weak positive in group A. MSCs cells with Y chromosome were positively stained and were concentrated at the portal area in group C. The 50-day survival rate of rats in group A, B and C were 0, 10% and 90% , respectviely, with significant difference (χ~2=36, P < 0.01). The median survival time of rats in group C was 63 days, which was longer than that in group A and B. Conclusion Simultaneous injection of MSCs from donors during liver transplantation can inhibite the immunological rejection of recipients to the liver graft.

Objective To investigate the effect of long-term low dose prednisone administration on bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with inactive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods A total of 118 inactive female SLE patients with long-term administration of low dose prednisone were recruited from the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology at An hui Provincial Hospital.All patients were given low dose prednisone for long-term (≤ 10 mg/d,more than half a year).According to prednisone doses,subjects were divided into two groups,namely group A (≤7.5 mg/d) and group B (7.5-10 mg/d).In addition,patients were also divided into four groups based on the duration of administration,including group Ⅰ ≤3 years,Ⅱ from 4-5 years,Ⅲ 6-10 years and Ⅳ ＞ 10 years.Twenty-nine healthy people were recruitedas normal controls.The BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.The association of BMD with prednisone dose and duration was compared between different groups.Results The incidencc of osteopenia in all patients with SLE was 42.4％ (50/118),and the incidence of osteoporosis was 14.4％ (17/118).BMD of all bone sites in both group A and B were significantly lower than that in normal control group (P ＜ 0.05).Similarly,the BMD of all bone sites in group Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05).What needed to be stressed was the BMD in group Ⅳ was lower than those in other three groups (P ＜ 0.05).Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the cumulative prednisone dose was the risk factor for osteopenia,while taking calcium and alfacalcidol were protective factors.Conclusion Long-term use of low dose prednisone result in the decrease of BMD in patients with inactive SLE.The lumbar spine and femoral neck had more severe osteopenia.Long-term administration of prednisone,even less than 7.5 mg/d,can also cause osteopenia.Calcium and alfacalcidol were protective factors of BMD.

Objective To explore the role of serum neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods The serum circulating free DNA (cf-DNA) / NETs in 45 RA patients and 18 healthy controls were detected by Pico Green dsDNA Quantitation Kits,and the association between serum NETs and ESR,DAS28 score,anti-CCP antibodies was analyzed.T test,rank sum test,Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis were ued for statistical analysis.Results ① The levels of serum dsDNA/NETs in RA patients [0.523 0(0.282 0,1.637 0) μg/ml] were significantly higher than those in healthy controls [0.410 5 (0.140 0,0.966 0)μg/ml] (Z=-2.419,P=0.016).② The level of serum dsDNA/NETs in RA was positively correlated with ESR and DAS28 score (r=0.357,P=0.016; r=0.325,P=0.029),but not with anti-CCP antibodies(r=0.146,P=0.434).③ The levels of serum dsDNA/NETs in RA treated by DMARDs were lower than those of untreated with DMARDs[0.516 5(0.282 0,1.637 0) μg/ml,0.523 0 (0.369 0,1.485 0) μg/ml,Z=-1.215,P=0.225],but the difference was not significant.Conclusion NETs maybe associated with disease activity and play an important role in RA pathogenesis.