OBJECTIVE:To establish a simple method for calculating the optimal pharmacokinetic-equation parameters in drugs by intravenous administration using Excel programming solution.METHODS:The pharmacokinetic parameters and compartment model parameters after intravenous injection drugs were computed by means of Excel programming solution,and the results were compared with those computed by DAS method or residual method.RESULTS:By means of Excel programming solution,the optimal pharmacokinetic parameters of one-and two-compartment models were obtained,which were completely in line with those computed by DAS program.CONCLUSION:Excel programming solution is applicable for the computation of the pharmacokinetic parameters of one-and two-compartment models following intravenous injection drugs.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a simple individualized dosage regimen of multiple oral dosing of Theophyllin. METHODS:Based on pharmacokinetic parameters,Excel function was used to design the dosage regimen of multiple oral dosing extravascular administration of one-compartment model with Theophylline as an example. RESULTS:The following parameters such as plasma drug concentration at any time (t) since administration of Theophylline,peak time,maximum steady plasma-drug concentration,minimum steady plasma-drug concentration,accumulation coefficient,fluctuation percentage,fluctuation amplitude,and dosage for children and the old could be obtained and the concentration-time curves were able to be drawn from the input data including physical and pathological parameters,dosage (X0) of Theophylline,interval ?,absorption rate constant (Ka),drug clearance rate (CL),absorption fraction (F) and apparent volume of distribution (Vd). CONCLUSION:The method adopted in our study is simple,reliable and intuitive,and it is applicable for the design of the individualized dosage regimen of Theophyllin.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the monitoring effects on irrational physicians'orders by MTP intervention in our hospital.METHODS: The irrational physicians' orders in our hospital between 2005 and 2007 were monitored by PASS using MTP(Monitoring-Training-Plan) intervention model.RESULTS: As compared with before intervention,the black-lamp-precaution-medication's revision rate increased significantly after intervention,which greatly reduced the incidence of potential adverse drug events.CONCLUSION: MTP intervention can arouse physicians' attention on the monitoring results with PASS,increase the black-lamp-precaution-medication revision rate and prevent the occurrence of medication errors.

To observe the relationship between positive rate of β1-adrenergic and AT1 receptors autoantibodies with serum concentration of cystatin C in 371 patients with diabetic nephropathy patients,107 patients with type 2 diabetes,and 47 subjects as healthy control.In patients with diabetic nephropathy,the positive rates of the β1 and AT1 receptors autoantibodies were significantly higher than those in patients with type 2 diabetes and normal controls.The titers of β1 and AT1 receptors autoantibodies in diabetic nephropathy patients with abnormal cystatin C were significantly higher than those with normal cystatin C concentration.These findings suggested that β1 and AT1 receptors autoantibodie may play important roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.

To research piezoelectric immunosensor array for rapid detecting HIV(1+2), piezoelectric immunosensor array matrix was designed. HIV(1+2)C1 antigen was immobilized onto the silver electrodes of quartz-crystal microbalance, which was modified with adsorption and cross-linked method. In the clean air flow and monitoring environment, standard quality control and clinical serum sample were detected. The linear range for the measurement of HIV(1+2) was 0.01-0.2 NCU/ml. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of HIV(1+2) piezoelectric protein sensor array were 91.7%, 93.3% and 92.7% respectively.
Biosensing Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; Electrodes ; HIV ; isolation & purification ; HIV Antibodies ; blood ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; methods ; Protein Array Analysis ; instrumentation ; methods ; Quartz ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Objective:To investigate the prognosis and risk factors of IgA vasculitis nephritis (IgAVN) in children.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Clinical data were collected from 264 children who were pathologically diagnosed with IgAVN at Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, between January 2011 and December 2017. All patients had a follow-up period of more than 3 years. Clinical characteristics, renal pathology, 3-year and 5-year prognosis were analyzed. The patients were grouped based on gender, age of onset (≤6 years, >6-9 years, and >9 years), pathological classification (≤Ⅲ and>Ⅲ),whether the prognosis was complete remission at 3 and 5 years. Independent sample t-tests, ANOVA or chi-squared test were used for intergroup comparisons. Spearman correlation analysis was applied for ordinal data, and multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze factors affecting the prognosis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was utilized to evaluate the predictive value of these factors. Results:Of the 264 children with IgAVN, 153 were male and 111 were female, the age of onset was 8.3 (6.7, 10.3) years, 118 patients (45%) with onset age >6-9 years accounted for the highest proportion. All patients presented with skin purpura and renal involvement, primarily manifesting as hematuria and/or proteinuria. Microscopic hematuria was observed in 253 patients (95.8%), while 246 patients (93.2%) showed proteinuria. In 256 patients (97.0%), hematuria or proteinuria urinalysis was detected within 6 months of skin purpura onset, and 243 patients (92.0%) underwent renal biopsy within 6 months of renal involvement. The most common clinical subtype in 264 IgAVN children was hematuria and proteinuria (204 cases, 77.3%), with grade Ⅲ being the predominant pathological classification (181 cases, 68.6%). Among children ≤6 years old, the 3-year complete remission rate was higher in males than in females (83.9% (26/31) vs. 7/16, χ2=8.12, P=0.012). Factors independently associated with poor 5-year prognosis included time from hematuria or proteinuria urinalysis to renal biopsy >6 months, elevated serum cholesterol levels, and incomplete remission 3 years post-biopsy ( OR=5.41, 1.39, 6.02, 95% CI 1.40-20.86, 1.04-1.84, 2.61-13.88, all P<0.05). The serum cholesterol has a predictive value for 5-year prognosis ( P=0.020, AUC=0.62, 95% CI 0.52-0.71, Youden index=0.27, cutoff=4.37). Conclusions:For children with IgAVN aged≤6 years, the 3-year prognosis is better in males than in females. Time from hematuria or proteinuria urinalysis to renal biopsy >6 months, elevated serum cholesterol levels, and incomplete remission at 3 years post-biopsy may be independent risk factors for poor 5-year prognosis in children with IgAVN.