0.05). Both the cost-effectiveness ratio and the ?C/?E in Group C were lower than in Group D. CONCLUSION: Group C is the best one in terms of cost-effectiveness.

As a functional imaging method, positron emission tomography (PET) is widely used in tumor diagnosis, pathological classification, stage assessment, and clinical outcome evaluation. Combination of metabolic information acquired from ~(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (~(18)F-FDG) PET with pathological grading results is helpful for further defining the grade of sarcomas and predicting prognosis. ~(18)F-FDG PET appears to be superior to other imaging modalities in detecting bone metastases or pulmonary metastases of sarcoma patients, so it could be used in clinical staging and restaging of sarcoma. Tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) and standardized uptake value (SUV) are two important parameters for quantitative analysis and are helpful for assessing chemotherapy response of tumor. PET imaging offers important information to help maximize the clinical benefit of patients with sarcoma. This article reviews the clinical value of ~(18)F-FDG PET and ~(18)F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosis of sarcoma.

Objective To study the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibilities of anaerobic bacteria from periodontal pockets of patients with chronic periodontitis, so as to guide the anti-infection therapy. Methods Eighty-four patients with chronic periodontitis were enrolled in this study. The anaerobes were isolated from periodontal pockets of patients with chronic periodontitis. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the anaerobes to seven kinds of antibiotics (like metronidazole, penicillin, cefmetazole, etc.) was tested with the agar dilution technique. Results A total of 305 cultivable anaerobes were isolated from periodontal pockets of 84 patients with chronic periodontitis. All patients were infected by anaerobes. 59.34%of cultivable anaerobes were gram-positive anaerobes, and 40.66%were gram-negative anaerobes. The P.melanin ogenica and P.gingivalis were the most common among the cultivable anaerobes, accounting for 51.19% and 55.95%, followed by P.intermedia (36.90%), P.micros (35.71%), F.mucleatum (33.33%), Capnocytophaga ssp (27.38%), Actinomyces ssp (10.71%), and so on. Most isolated anaerobes were sensitive to seven antibiotics. All isolated anaerobes were susceptible to Chloromycetin and Imipenem. 98.03%of isolated anaerobes were susceptible to Amoxicillin. Approximately 76%to 88%of isolated anaerobes were susceptible to Cefmetazole and Metronidazole. Susceptibility to Clindamycinum and Penicillin were 65.91%and 55.73%. Conclusions There is a close relationship between chronic periodontitis and anaerobes. P.melanin ogenica and P.gingivalis are the most frequently isolated anaerobes from periodontal pockets of patients with chronic periodontitis. Chloromycetin and Imipenem can be used for the treatment of anaerobes infected chronic periodontitis.

Objective To investigate the relationship between childhood obesity,asthma and lung function.Method Based on body weight and whether with asthma the 45 children were divided into normal control group,asthma group,obesity and asthma group,15 cases each.Each child was measured leptin levels and pulmonary function was measured with a spirometer.Each asthmatic children was surveyed by Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) questions.Results Asthmatic children have varying degrees harm of lung function.Obesity and asthma group compared with asthma group of children is more decreased in lung function.Children with asthma compared with normal control group of children is more higher in serum leptin concentration.Obesity and asthma children is highest in serum leptin concentrations.Asthmatic children C-ACT average score than obesity and asthma score,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Lung function and leptin abnormalities are exist in children with asthma.Also in the case of asthma,the abnormal levels of lung function and leptin in obese children compared with normal-weight children are more apparent,C-ACT score are more lower,and asthma is more severe.Weight control in obese children with asthma is favorable measures to control asthma attacks.

Objective:To analyze the difference of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) among image processing of the renal dynamic imaging through various methods.Methods: The renal dynamic imaging was processed through various methods, and using the image post-processing software. Using SPSS statistic system to analyze the data.Results: The methods of image processing had impacts on GFR. (1)The difference of GFR data obtained from images which were processed by different operators were not statistically significant. (2) The difference of GFR data obtained from images which image processing repeatedly by the same operator were not statistically significant. (3)GFR data measured based on background detecting regions of interest (ROI) (manually defined or auto-defined ROI) placed in different positions of kidney image had statistical significant. (4) The difference of GFR data were measured by manually defined and auto-defined background ROI had statistical significant.Conclusion: Choosing the proper image processing way, combining clinical appearance and detection, and gaining real data help to ensure the accuracy of imaging diagnostic reports.

Objective To study the safety and effectiveness finasteride combined with 1470 nm semiconductor laser vaporization and resection for moderate to severe benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods A total of 110 consecutives from January to December 2015 were divided randomly into control and observation groups and each of 55 cases; the patients in control group received finasteride combined with transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) and they in observation group adopted finasteride combined with 1470 nm semiconductor laser vaporization and resection, then to compare the differences of surgical success rate,complications rate,mean operation time,blood bloss during and after operation, indwelling catheter time,prostate volume before and after operation; the follow-up time was 12.0 months, the differences of international prostate symptom score (I-PSS), Quality of life score (QOL), peak flow rate (Qmax) peak flow rate (Qmax) and post-void residual (PVR). Results The surgical success rate in the two groups were no statistical difference, the complications rate in observation group was significantly lower (P<0.05). The mean operation time and indwelling catheter time in the two groups were no statistical difference, while the total blood bloss and prostate volume after operation in observation group were both less, and the difference of prostate volume was more (P<0.05). The I-PSS and PVR were lower, QOL and Qmax higher in the two groups after operation, what'more, there were more improvements in observation group (P<0.05). Conclusion It is more prior to finasteride combined with 1470 nm semiconductor laser vaporization and resection for moderate to severe BPH on the Safety and effectiveness than TURP.

Glioma is the most common malignant brain tumor with high malignancy and lethality.The specific potential radiolabeled nanoparticles have been applied in the glioma research for non-invasive,dynamic,real-time and quantitative evaluation.Furthermore,radiolabeled nanoparticles have shown great potential in targeted therapy of glioma.The up-to-date application of radiolabeled nanoparticles in SPECT imaging,PET imaging,multimodality imaging and theranostics in glioma are reviewed in this article.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with highly heterogeneous both clinically and biologically. So the prediction for prognosis of DLBCL and identifying patients with high risk are coming into the focus of the 58th American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting. International prognostic index (IPI) risk model is widely known as the powerful prognostic indicator for DLBCL but in rituximab-era is challenged by a variety of new prognosis systems. Biological markers and mutation and expression of genes play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of lymphoma, and its prognostic value draw much more attention. The prognostic factors of DLBCL, specific types, such as primary breast DLBCL, intravascular large B-cell lymphoma, the presence of a DLBCL component in a follicular lymphoma and relapsed/refractory DLBCL have been paid more attention in this meeting.

Objective: Several generations of ultrasound contrast agents have been developed. Now the application of targeted microbubble is an important research field. Methods: Ultrasound microbubble contrast agents can be divided into two types: ordinary and special ones. First generation microbubble products are air bubbles. They lack a stabilizing shell and have large size. The second ones are stabilized by a sheU and have a smaller size ,instable gas cores consisting of air. The third ones have a stable shell and gas cores with perfiuorocarbons. Researches on new applications of targeted microbubble involve the targeted molecular imaging such as thrombus and inflammation imaging, thrombolytic therapy, drug/gene therapy and so on. Results: The stability of microbubble is increased gradually. Microbubble is injected intravenously and reaches the targeted tissue. At low ultrasound beam power imaging contrast can be improved. Low frequency ultrasound (1 MHz) can cause transient perfora-tion of cell membrane by cavitation effects and thereby improve drug/gene delivery efficiency. Conclusions: Ultrasound-target-ed microbubble has shown its advantages over other methods in the clinical diagnosis and treatment. While the bio-effects are not fully understood. And physical parameters affecting drug or gene delivery efficiency should be optimized.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of the expression of lymphocytes and cytokines in patients with laryngeal tuberculosis.Methods 96 cases of laryngeal tuberculosis were selected as the research objects.Of which 42 cases of infiltrating type,31 cases of ulcer type,mass type in 23 cases,the other 50 cases of healthy persons were selected as the healthy control group,all the research objects,extracting the morning fasting venous peripheral blood for detection of T lymphocyte subsets and cytokines were detected,and the results were compared.Results Invasive laryngeal tuberculosis CD3+ index (63.10 ± 5.33) ％ (t =1.922),CD4+ (40.32 ± 5.06) ％ (t =1.758),CD8+ (24.41 ± 4.59) ％ (t =1.710),compared with the control group,CD4+,CD3+ index significantly reduced,CD8+ index increased significantly,the differences had statistical significance (t =1.922,1.758,1.710,all P ＜ 0.05),and the ulcer type and mass type results compared with invasive had significant difference(all P ＜0.05).In the analysis of laryngeal tuberculosis pathological types,reduced the mass type CD3+,CD4+ T index and CD8+ index of lymphocyte increased obviously the most significant;all laryngeal tuberculosis in patients with IL-4,IL-10 and TNF-alpha significantly increased compared with the control group,while the IFN-gamma was significantly reduced,and the mass in the type of change was the most significant,the differences had statistical significance(all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The use of lymphocytes and cytokines detection can improve the laryngeal tuberculosis patients with the clinical diagnosis rate,with the detection results of different degree and different pathological types of laryngeal tuberculosis patients,can be used for preliminary assessment of laryngeal tuberculosis disease and pathological type,the choice of treatment modality for patients with guidance value,with in-depth clinical study and promotion application of value.