Aim To explore the effect of microRNAs on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and the expression of adipo-related gene-fatty acid binding protein during the adipocyte differentiation.Methods adipo-related microRNAs during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation were screened and identified by micorRNA microarray.Constructed high-expression plasmids of the adipo-related microRNAs,were transfected into the 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by lipofectamine.While the effect of adipo-related microRNAs on the course of 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation was observed,the protein and mRNA expression level of fatty acid binding protein(FABP4)were analyzed by Western blot and RT-PCR during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation.Results The expression profiles of microRNAs have significant changed during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation,in which 35 microRNAs among them down-relation,the most lowly expression is miR-24;17 microRNAs among them up-relation,the most highly expression is miR-21.MiR-24 significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation and maturity,while miR-21 have no significant effect.MiR-24 significantly inhibited the expression of FABP4,but had no effect on the level of its mRNA;miR-21 had no effect on the expression of protein and mRNA of FABP4.Conclusion There exist adipogenic-related microRNAs during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation; miR-24 play an important role in the regulation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation into adipocyte and the(FABP4)protein expression.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the roles of enteric nervous system neurotransmitters, nitric oxide (NO), substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the colon in slow transit constipation in rats.

METHODSThirty-two healthy Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control and constipated groups. In the constipated group, the rats were daily administered with diphenoxylate (8 mg/kg) to develop slow transit constipation, while the control rats were fed with water. The number and the weight of fecal granule and the body weight of rats were recorded every 5 days for 90 days. Transit functions of intestinal movement were examined by an activated charcoal suspension pushing test one week after stopping the administration of diphenoxylate. The levels of NO and SP in the colonic mucosa were measured by nitrate reductase methods and ELISA respectively. The distribution of VIP and ICC positive cells confirmed with symbolic c-kit+ cells in the colonic wall were observed by immunohistochemical methods.

RESULTSThe daily number of fecal granule in the constipated group was significantly less than that in the control group (P<0.01). The mean weight of each fecal granule in the constipated group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). The discharge time of the first granule of black faeces in the constipated group (430.2+/- 132.1 min) was significantly longer than that in the control group (337.2+/- 74.7 min; P<0.05). There were no significant differences in NO and SP levels and the density of VIP positive cells in the distal colonic segment between the two groups. The number of c-kit+ cells in the distal colonic wall in the constipated group was significantly reduced compared with that in the control group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe reduction of ICC number in the distal colon may be contributed to the pathogenesis of slow transit constipation in rats.

Animals ; Body Weight ; Coiled Bodies ; Colon ; cytology ; innervation ; Constipation ; etiology ; Male ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; physiology ; Nitric Oxide ; analysis ; physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Substance P ; analysis ; physiology ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ; analysis ; physiology

Objective To explore the effect of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on activity in the intact motor cortex controlling the suprahyoid muscles and thus on dysphagia after an unilateral stroke.Methods Forty patients suffering dysphagia more than two weeks after a unilateral cerebral stroke were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group,each of 20.Both groups were given traditional swallowing rehabilitation training,while the experimental group was additionally provided with 5 Hz rTMS for two weeks.Before and after the treatment,all of the patients were characterized using X-ray fluoroscopy,video fluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) and surface electromyography,and their swallowing was evaluated using a standardized swallowing assessment (SSA) and a penetration-aspiration scale (PAS).Results After the treatment,significant improvement was observed in both groups in the average swallowing time and in the maximum amplitude of sEMG,as well as the average SSA,PAS and VFSS scores (P＜0.05).The average values in the experimental group were in all cases significantly better than the control group's averages (P＜0.05).Conclusion Applying rTMS at 5 Hz to the motor cortex of the contralateral hemisphere controlling the suprahyoid muscles can effectively improve unilateral-hemisphere dysphagia after stroke.

Background::Keratinocytes play an important role in wound healing; however, less is known about skin keratinocytes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, this study aimed to search for the transcriptional characteristics of keratinocytes at the single-cell level from T2DM patients, and to provide experimental data for identifying the pathological mechanisms of keratinocytes under pathological conditions.Methods::We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on the skin tissue from two T2DM patients and one patient without diabetes-induced trauma using the BD Rhapsody TM Single-Cell Analysis System. With the help of bioinformatics R-based single-cell analysis software, we analyzed the results of single-cell sequencing to identify the single-cell subsets and transcriptional characteristics of keratinocytes at the single-cell level, including Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology analyzes. Results::In this study, we found specific highly expressed signature keratinocyte-related genes. We analyzed the transcriptome of keratinocytes from experimental and control groups and screened a total of 356 differential genes, which were subject to bioinformatics analysis. Enriched pathways included oxidative phosphorylation, antigen processing and presentation, prion and Huntingtons’ diseases, bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, thermogenesis, vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption, and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum.Conclusions::This study revealed the characteristics of keratinocytes at the single-cell level and screened a group of differentially expressed genes related to T2DM-associated keratinocytes, oxidative phosphorylation, cytokine receptor interactions, prion diseases, and other signaling pathways.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of the innovative topical ozone therapy for infantile atopic dermatitis.Methods:Sixty children with atopic dermatitis were divided into a treatment group and a control group.The treatment group was showered with ozonated water (3-5 times a week) and smeared with ozonated oil (twice a day),while the control group was washed with warm running water and smeared with base oil,adding moisturizer if necessary.The treatment course was 2 weeks.Efficacy and side effect were evaluated.Results:The skin exudation was reduced and erosion was healing after 3-5 days topical ozone therapy for infantile atopic dermatitis.The effective rates were 80.0％ and 20.0％ in the treatment group and control group for 1 week,and 89.6％ and 30.7％ for 2 weeks,respectively,with significant difference between the 2 groups (P＜0.001).Conclusion:Innovative treatment of infantile atopic dermatitis with topical ozone application is safe and effective,which is worth popularizing in clinic.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the biomechanical effect of anterior screw fixation on the type II fractured odontoid process.

METHODSTwenty fresh human C1-C2 vertebrae specimens were harvested and randomly divided into three groups. The angle of type II fracture line was 0 degree in group I (n=6), 17 degrees in group II (n=8) and 25 degrees in group III (n=6). The fractures were treated by anterior screw fixation. Insertion torque,maximal axial pullout force and stiffness of the bone-screw were tested.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference of screw insertion torque and the pull-out strength between each group. The displacement of the odontoid fragment had an association to the angle of the fracture line,the displacement of the small angle was significantly higher than that of the large one (P < 0.5). No significant difference of structure stiffness of the bone-screw was found between each group.

CONCLUSIONAnterior screw fixation is feasible for type II odontoid fracture with certain fracture line extends from anteroinferior to posterosuperior.

Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Screws ; Cervical Vertebrae ; injuries ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Spinal Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery

Objective To systematically retrieve,evaluate and integrate evidences about the assessment and management of perioperative pain in patients with acute aortic dissection.Methods PIPOST model was used to identify themes of assessment and management of perioperative pain.The literatures in the themes was systematically searched through the databases of UpToDate,JBI,BMJ Best Practice,practice guide REgistration for trans RAREncy(PREPARE),Guidelines International Network(GIN),National Guideline Clearinghouse(NGC),National Institute for Health and Care Excellence(NICE),Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network(SIGN),New Zealand Guidelines Group(NZGG),Registered Nurses'Association of Ontario(RNAO),Australian Clinical Practice Guidelines(ACPG),American Heart Association(AHA),European Society of Cardiology(ESC),the Chinese Cochrane Center,Medlive,Cochrane library,PubMed,SinoMed,CNKI,Wangfan Data,and VIP.The retrieved literatures were evaluated and the evidences that met the inclusive criteria were extracted from the literatures by researchers who had trained for evidence-based study.Results A total of 17 studies,including 5 guidelines,3 expert consensus,6 systematic reviews and 3 randomised controlled trials were included in this study.Totally,29 pieces of best evidence were extracted in the assessment and management of pain in perioperative patients with acute aortic dissection,including pain assessment,basic principles of pain management,medication intervention strategies of pain management,non-medication intervention strategies of pain management,pain evaluation,education of pain management and organising pain management.Conclusion Evidences in assessment and management of pain in perioperative patients with acute aortic dissection can provide references and guidance for clinical practice.