OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the further improvement of national essential medicines system. METHODS:Taking theBull's-eyecity Chengdu as an example,based on the trading areas,the existing problems in implementing essential medicine system were analyzed by qualitative and quantitative research methods,and countermeasures were put forward. RESULTS:From the point of view of quantitative data,the first level trading areas of both proportions of medical personnel per thousand ur-ban population and numbers of primary medical and health institutions per 100 thousands population in Chengdu were the lowest. From 2010 to 2012,the outpatient and inpatients increased 1.09 million people and 0.16 million beds per day in Chengdu primary health care institutions,the largest increase in the first level trading areas,and increase and decrease in the second and third level trading areas;outpatient and inpatient drug costs fell respectively 4 yuan and 109 yuan,medicine proportion declined 6.7%,in-crease in the first level trading areas,and decreased to varying degrees in the second and third level trading areas. From the point of view of qualitative interviews,the service ability got enhancement,but still could not meet the services demand,especially the pressure in the first level trading areas near center district remains heavy;drug cost was under controlled,but the subsidies needs to be increased,the per capita drug costs in the first level trading areas remains high;the drug income and medicine proportion were inhibited,especially the significant fell in the second and third level area,but the decrease of income may restrict develop-ment. CONCLUSIONS:It is suggested that more targeted drugs are needed for meeting the services demand,more sophisticated policy are needed for improving the subsidies,and more comprehensive medical conditions are needed for ensuring institutions'de-velopment.

As a functional imaging method, positron emission tomography (PET) is widely used in tumor diagnosis, pathological classification, stage assessment, and clinical outcome evaluation. Combination of metabolic information acquired from ~(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (~(18)F-FDG) PET with pathological grading results is helpful for further defining the grade of sarcomas and predicting prognosis. ~(18)F-FDG PET appears to be superior to other imaging modalities in detecting bone metastases or pulmonary metastases of sarcoma patients, so it could be used in clinical staging and restaging of sarcoma. Tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) and standardized uptake value (SUV) are two important parameters for quantitative analysis and are helpful for assessing chemotherapy response of tumor. PET imaging offers important information to help maximize the clinical benefit of patients with sarcoma. This article reviews the clinical value of ~(18)F-FDG PET and ~(18)F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosis of sarcoma.

Objective: Finding the essence and regular pattern of the construction of male urine collection devices, and setting up its basic concepts. Methods:Selecting typical construction examples, then analyzing them singly and as a whole. Results:Setting up concepts such as construction module, construction factor, construction factor unit, construction index, construction array etc., and giving out the table of construction factor units. Conclusion:This research has provided mode, methods, means for understanding and further analyzing, studying male urine collection devices.

【Objective】 To explore the viability of improved comparability verification method for the performance verification of automatic biochemical analyzer in blood centers. 【Methods】 According to the relevant requirements of User Verification of Performance for Precision and Trueness; Approved Guideline-Second Edition (EP15-A2) and Guideline for Comparability Verification of Quantitative Results with One Health Care System(WS/T 407-2012), the performance of the newly purchased Beckman Coulter AU480 automatic biochemical analyzer was confirmed by means of comparability verification, and compared with the current Olympus AU400 automatic biochemical analyzer. 【Results】 The detection results given by Beckman AU480 biochemical analyzer on 5 samples for ALT detection performance test were significantly correlated with the target value (R²=0.998), and the trueness verification results met the requirements.The CV of medium and high ALT levels was 2.36% and 1.20%, respectively, within the acceptable standard range(<5%), and the precision verification results meet the requirement.The comparison deviation of two devices for medium and high ALT levels was 0.47% and 1.62%, respectively, within the acceptable standard range (<5%). The detection results of ALT from 40 blood donors given by two devices were significantly correlated (R²=0.956), and the precision verification results met the requirements.In the validation of linear evaluation, there was a good linear relationship between the expected and measured results (r=0.997)among samples with 6 levels of concentrations. 【Conclusion】 The comparability verification method is suitable for the performance verification of automatic biochemical analyzer in blood centers.

Objective: ①To detect the concentrations of interleukin 1?(IL 1?) and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2) in periapical exudates in the patients with acute or chronic periapical periodontitis; ② To examine their correlations with clinical and radiographic findings of the involved teeth.Methods: The volume of periapical exudates was quantified using the standard paper point sampling method; the concentration of IL 1? and PGE 2 was detected using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) or radioimmunoassay(RIA) in 40 cases with acute and in 40 with chronic periapical periodentitis. Results: ①The volume(?l) of the exudates in the cases with acute periapical periodontitis and chronic were 27.10?15.70 and 3.12?2.88( P

the terminal leaves,light saturation point was 1 302 ?mol/(m2?s),light compensation point was 101.5 ?mol/(m2?s);The diurnal change trend of Pn showed a double peak curve,presenting a typical phenomenon of "photosynthesis midday depression".There was a close correlation between Pn and stomatal conductance (Gs)(r=0.88,P

20/min,PaCO2 12?109 or 0.10.26 patients with sepsis infected by Gram negative bacilli were categorized as G-group,15 infected by Gram positive coccus as G+ group and 15 healthy persons as control group.All the cases were proved to have infection by body fluid examination under microscope or bacterial culture.The level of flagellin was determined by ELISA.The peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)were isolated by the density gradient centrifugation,and total RNA of PBMCs was extracted by RNA BIOzol extract.The level of TLR5 mRNA in the peripheral blood was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.The statistic significance among groups was examined by Students' t test.Results Plasma flagellin levels were below the detection limit of the ELISA kit in both G+ and control groups,while the mean level of plasma flagellin amounted to 6.636?5.147ng/ml in G-group.TLR5 mRNA expression in G-group was significantly higher than that in G+ and control groups,and no significant difference was found between G+ group and control group.Conclusion Flagellin may be involved in the development of ALI through interacts with TLR5.

Objective To compare the inhibitory effect of fluoride-releasing resin sealant and glass ionomer sealant on enamel demineralization in vitro.Methods Thirty noncarious human third molars extracted were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 in each.Cavity was placed on buccal surfaces of the molars,then filled with fluoride-releasing resin sealant(ClinproTMsealant),glass ionomer sealant(Fuji Ⅸ GP)or non-fluoride-releasing resin sealant(Concise).After thermocycling for 300 cycles,the surface microhardness of sound enamel 1 mm away from sealant-filled cavities in each group was measured.Then after the treated molars were placed in an artificial demineralizing solution for a week,their surface microhardness was detected again.Results The mean reduction of surface microhardness was(87.30?23.84)HV for ClinproTM sealant group,(76.90?27.75)HV for Fuji Ⅸ GP group and(147.67?46.42)HV for Concise group.There was a significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion Both the fluoride-releasing resin sealant and glass ionomer sealant can effectively reduce the amount of enamel demineralization adjacent to the materials.Fluoride ion released from the sealants protects the adjacent enamel against in vitro demineralization to some extent.

Objective To analyze the clinical distribution and drug resistance of clinically isolated strains of Acinetobacter Bau-mannii(ABA)in our hospital from January 2007 to December 2012 so as to provide the basis for the rational use of antibacterial drugs in clinic.Methods The API microbiological culture and identification system was adopted to conduct the ABA culture,identi-fication and drug susceptibility analysis on the clinical specimens submitted by various clinical department and the drug resistance of the strains was analyzed by using WHONET5.6 software.Results 791 strains of ABA were isolated in the recent 6 years,and the isolating rate of ABA in the pathogenic bacteria was 7.8%;The ABA detection was dominated by the sputum (80.4%)and the throat swab(10.9%)specimens;the distribution of isolated ABA strains were relatively widespread;the infection rates of the pa-tients were higher in ICU (18.8%),cadre wards(17.6%),respiratory medicine department(13.3%)and neurosurgery department (12.3%).During these 6 years,the drug resistance rate of less than 50% included imipenem(IPM)and cefoperazone sodium/sul-bactam,and the resistance rate in most of commonly used antibacterial drugs showed an increasing trend,especially IPM.Conclusion The drug resistance of ABA is more serious and the resistance rate of clinically isolated strains to most of antibacterial drugs in our hospital during 2007- 2012 showed an increasing trend.Dynamically monitoring the ABA distribution and the drug resistance changes conduces to guide the rational use of antibacterial drugs in clinic,prevent the nosocomial infection and reduce the generation of pan-drug resistant strains.

Objective To study the correlation between histopathological findings and X-ray appearances of ameloblastomas.Methods X-ray characteristics and histopathological features in 153 cases of ameloblastomas were analyzed retrospectively, and their relation was comparatively analyzed. Results ① On radiography,the lesions appeared as multilocular in 82 cases(53.59) and unilocular in 71 cases(46.41). ② 96 cases were classic ameloblastomas,including follicular type in 13 cases and non-follicular type in 83 cases,X-ray showed unilocular appearance in 35(36.46) and multilocular appearance in 61 cases(63.54).57 cases were unicystic ameloblastoma ,X-ray showed unilocular appearance in 36 cases(63.16) and multilocular appearance in 21 cases(36.84).There was significant diffrence statistically in the X-ray features of uniloculus and multiloculus between the two histopathological patterns(P﹤0.005). Conclusion Unicystic ameloblastomas often have unilocular radiologic appearance,classic ameloblastomas are mostly of multilocular radiologic appearance,while,the honeycomb radiologic appearances are common seen follicular type ameloblastoma.