Objective:To determine the association between recreational drug usage， high risk sexual behavior， and HIV infection among men who have sex with men（MSM） in Jinhua. Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted to recruit MSM for anonymous questionnaire survey and serological examination. We used EpiData3.1 for data entry and SPSS 19.0 for statistical analysis. Results:A total of 368 MSM were surveyed， in which the proportion of recreational drug usage was 13.3% （ 49 / 368 ）， with the HIV infection of 10.3% （38/ 368 ） and syphilis infection of 8.9% （25/368）. Risk factors associated with recreational drug usage were determined to be part-time job or being unemployed （OR=5.26； 95%CI： 2.10-13.18； P<0.001）， average monthly income ≥CNY 5 000 （OR=6.45； 95%CI： 2.87-14.61； P<0.001）， education level of high school or above （OR=1.56； 95%CI： 1.37-3.57； P=0.037）， sexual orientation being homosexual（OR=3.52； 95%CI： 1.60-7.33； P=0.002）， number of sexual partners >1 （OR=4.37； 95%CI： 1.76-10.82； P=0.001）， engaged in group sex （OR=7.90； 95%CI： 2.11-29.55； P=0.002） and previously diagnosed sexually transmitted diseases （OR=4.76； 95%CI： 1.29-17.65；P=0.019）. Conclusion:Prevalence of recreational drug usage among MSM in Jinhua is relatively low. MSM with part-time or unemployed status， monthly income ≥CNY 5 000， higher education level， homosexual orientation， multiple sexual partners， sexually transmitted diseases and group sex behavior are the risk factors associated with recreational drug usage in Jinhua city. Targeted countermeasures should be considered for intervention.

ObjectiveTo understand the human immunodeficiency virus（HIV） infection status and related factors by using the HIV/AIDS sentinel surveillance data of men who have sex with men（MSM） in Jinhua City， Zhejiang Province. MethodsSnowball sampling method was used to recruit MSM receiving HIV sentinel surveillance from 2016 to 2021.The inclusion criteria were aged 18 years old and above， reported having anal sex with man in recent 6 months. Questionnaire-based interviews were conducted on a one-on-one basis. Data including the characteristics of demography and ethology were collected. Five milliliter of blood samples were taken after the questionnaire. HIV and syphilis was screened. The time trend was analyzed with χ² test. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors associated with HIV infection status among MSM. ResultsThe positive rate of HIV was 8.0% （127/1 597）， with an increasing trend （P=0.002）， but the linear correlation was weak（r=0.075）. The positive rate of syphilis was 5.2% （83/1 597）， with no significant difference （P=0.661）.The constituent ratios showed an increasing trend （P<0.05） in using condoms consistently， finding male sexual partners through Internet or dating software， having anal sex in the past week， using condoms every time during anal sex in the past 6 months， accepting prevention services of AIDS in the last year， and the overall awareness of AIDS related knowledge. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that who was from national minority （OR=2.27， 95%CI： 1.08‒4.73） and from other provinces （OR=1.68， 95%CI： 1.08‒2.62）， who failed to consistently use condoms every time during anal sex in the past six months （OR=3.03， 95%CI： 2.02‒4.54）， who never accepted prevention services of AIDS in the last year （OR=2.17，95%CI：1.44‒3.27）， who don’t know the knowledge of AIDS （OR=1.86， 95%CI： 1.12‒3.07）， and who was infected with syphilis （OR=2.35， 95%CI： 1.20‒4.61） were at higher risk for HIV infection among MSM. ConclusionThe positive rate of HIV remains at a certain level among MSM in Jinhua. High-risk groups such as the patients with syphilis infections and floating population from other provinces need to be paid close attention. It is suggested to further strengthen the promotion of the use of condoms， awareness of AIDS and syphilis， warning education and comprehensive intervention services.

Objective To assess the value of dual-energy computed tomography myelography (CTM) on detecting leaks of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). Methods Six patients with SIH underwent spinal CTM on a 2nd generation dual-source CT with tube voltage set at 100 and 140 kVp(with tin filter). The virtual non-contrast (VNC) and iodine map images were calculated from dual-energy images. The average weighted (AW) CTM images were mixed from two kVp images with mix factor of 0. 5. Two radiologists evaluated CSF leak using two sets of images respectively: VNC + iodine map images and AW-CTM images. The results from two reading methods were compared. The level of CSF leaks along the nerve roots, C1-2 retrospinal CSF collections, epidural CSF collections and spinal epidural venous plexus were marked. The consensus about leak sites and CSF collections was made by two radiologists in the third session Kappa statistics were used to measure the agreement between the two methods. Results Forty-one leaks were detected using VNC + iodine map images. Forty-three leaks were detected on AW images. The agreement between two methods was excellent (Kappa =0. 997 ,P ＜0. 01). There were no differences in the detection of C1-2 retrospinal CSF collections (n = 2), epidural CSF collections(n = 3) or spinal epidural venous plexus (n = 1). VNC and iodine map images demonstrated superior visual effects than AW images. Conclusion Dual-energy CTM can be used to diagnose spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks in SIH patient.

Objective To determine the current prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MS) among adult residents in Chinese developed areas.Methods The clinical data of 6614 adult residents,including 4051 women,from Guangdong and Jiangsu provinces from China Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study (2007-2008) were analyzed.Age and sex standardized prevalences of MS were calculated according to the criteria of Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS),US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ (ATP Ⅲ),International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and Joint Interim Statement (JIS),respectively.Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors of MS.Results Age and sex standardized prevalences of MS were 17.88％ (CDS),28.50％ (ATP Ⅲ),21.99％ (IDF) and 31.50％ (JIS),respectively.The prevalences of residents with at least one metabolic abnormality were 67.86％ (CDS) 79.56％ (ATP Ⅲ),79.62％ (IDF) and 80.74％ (JIS),respectively.MS was more common in female than in male by the ATPⅢ and IDF criterion (ATPⅢ:30.63％ vs 26.45％,P ＜0.01 ; IDF:26.04％ vs 17.91％,P ＜ 0.01),while the prevalence was higher in male by CDS criteria (15.94％ vs 19.87％,P ＜0.01).There was no significant difference in the MS prevalence between the rural and the urban residents.Kappa test showed ATP Ⅲ and JIS criteria were most homogenous (κ =0.95,P ＜ 0.01).The risk factors for MS by the logistic regression model were male,older age,lower degree of education,family history of hypertension and obesity,drinker as well as uncontrolled diet.Conclusion The prevalence of MS is high in the adult residents of Chinese developed areas (Guangdong and Jiangsu provinces),whatever diagnostic criterion was used.Effective measures should be taken to control the modifiable MS risk factors.