Medical and health service researchers have been concerned with grasping and doing qualitative research.However,some of them show a strong tendency to reduce qualitative research to some specific research methods and ignore the relevant theoretical perspectives.This article aims to present and reaffirm the qualitative re-search methodology.In addition,the potential way to integrate qualitative research into medical and health service researches has been explored as well.

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Object The process of seed germination and haustorium formation in Cistanche deserticola Y C Ma was observed Methods Seeds were inoculated on culture medium, the process of seed germination and haustorium formation were observed using light and electron microscopy Results The seedling sprouted after two weeks, then a tube like organ formed, finally the apex expanded to attachment organ The outer papillar surface of the extended apex bears wall protuberances that are encircled with a thick cuticular belt and covered with a thin cuticle Conclusion The seed germination of C deserticola is single pole of racidle The attachment organ adheres host first

ObjectiveTo study the efficacy of immunosuppressant IL-1RA on the rat model of penetrating keratoplasty.MethodsCorneal transplantation were performed orthotopically from Lou rats to F344 rat's recipients.Animals were randomly assigned to the following groups:1.Control.2.CsA(3mg/kg/2d,subconjunctival injection).3.IL-1RA(0.5mg/kg/2d,subconjunctival injection).Treatment began at the 1st day postoperatively and continued until the 14th day postoperatively.Mean survival times and rejection index were determined.ResultsThe mean survival time of the control group was 12.235±1.674 days,but the mean survival time for CsA and IL-1RA were 17.676±1.528 days and 19.250±1.456 days,respectively,which was statistically significant compared with the control group(P<0.01).Vascularization index in IL-RA group was markedly lower when compared with the control and CsA groups(P<0.01).ConclusionIL-1RA can markedly prolong the survival time of corneal allografts by inhibiting graft rejection,and prevent vascular growth of corneal allografts

Objective To investigate the infection of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in patients with atherosclerosis and explore its clinical significance.Methods A total of 134 patients with atherosclerosis (observation group) including 102 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and 32 patients with non-CHD from December 2009 to April 2012 were enrolled in this study.The 102 patients with CHD were divided into HCMV infection group (86 cases) and non-HCMV infection group (16 cases).Another 40 healthy person were selected as control group.The carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was assessed by ultrasonography.The serum HCMV-IgM was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The infection rate of HCMV in observation group was 77.6％ (104/134),which was higher than that of 37.5％(15/40) in control group(P ＜ 0.05).The infection rate of HCMV in CHD patients and non-CHD patients was 84.3％(86/102) and 56.2％(18/32),and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The carotid IMT in HCMV infected atherosclerosis patients was (1.31 + 0.28) mm,which was higher than that of (1.14 ± 0.21)mm in non-HCMV infected atherosclerosis patients (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of myocardial infarction and multi-vessel lesion in HCMV infection group was higher than that in non-HCMV infection group [39.5％(34/86) vs.25.0％(4/16) and 43.0％(37/86) vs.18.8％(3/16)](P＜ 0.05).The incidence of stable angina pectoris and single-vessel lesion in HCMV infection group was lower than that in non-HCMV infection group [26.7％(23/86) vs.43.8％(7/16) and 22.1％(19/86) vs.56.2％(9/16)](P＜0.05).Conclusion The high-infection rate of HCMV is found in atherosclerosis patients,and it maybe have a close relationship with the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of therapeutic communication system on alleviation of depression emotion of postoperative tumor patients undergoing chemotherapy.Methods 56 cases of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy after surgery were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 28 cases in each group.The observation group was given therapeutic communication system based on routine care,the control group only received routine care.The self-rating depression scale (SDS),automatic thoughts questionnaire (ATQ) and quality of life evaluation questionnaire (QLQ-C30 3.0) were used for evaluation in two groups before and after intervention.Results The depression mood,negative automatic thoughts and quality of life in the observation group were better than the control group,the difference was statistically significant.Conclusions Application of therapeutic communication system on postoperative tumor patients undergoing chemotherapy can alleviate depression,negative automatic thoughts and quality of life significantly.It implies the effectiveness and feasibility of psychological intervention for postoperative tumor patients undergoing chemotherapy,which is worthy of clinical application.

目的观察高压氧联合低频脉冲电刺激对脑梗死后假性球麻痹吞咽困难的康复治疗效果。方法脑梗死假性球麻痹吞咽困难患者120例，分为对照组、电刺激组及联合高压氧组，每组40例。所有患者接受脑卒中常规治疗和护理。观察吸入性肺炎、吞咽困难恢复情况。结果联合高压氧组吞咽困难康复总有效率为92.5%，高于对照组和电刺激组(P<0.05)；吸入性肺炎发生率为10.0%，低于对照组。结论高压氧联合低频脉冲电刺激对脑梗死后假性球麻痹具有治疗作用。

Objective: To discuss the clinical efficacy of modified Sinisan (Qizhi Weitong granule) and saccharomyces boulardi in treating functional dyspepsia (FD) in children, and its effect on changes in serum cytokine and gastrointestinal hormones.Method: Totally 156 cases were divided into control group (78 cases) and observation group (78 cases). The control group was treated with saccharomyces boulardi, 0.25 g, po, bid, after meal. In addition to the therapy of control group, the observation group was also given modified Sinisan (Qizhi Weitong granule), 2.5 g, po, tid, 30 minutes before meal. Four weeks was a course of treatment. Then the clinical efficacy, the time of symptom improvement and the change of serum cytokine and gastrointestinal hormones were observed.Result: The total effective rate of observation group (96.15%) was higher than that of control group (82.05%), with statistical difference (P<0.01). The serum levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10), interferon-γ(IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), plasma motilin(MTL) and Leptin of both groups had no statistical difference before treatment. After treatment, the serum levels of IL-10, MTL of both group were increased, while the serum levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, Leptin of both group were decreased. However, the decreasing range and the increasing range of observation group were statistically obvious than those of control group (P<0.01). After the 6-month follow-up, the recurrent rate (6.67%) of the observation group was statistically lower than that of control group (18.75%).Conclusion: Modified Sinisan(Qizhi Weitong granule) combined with saccharomyces boulardi have an obvious clinical efficacy in treating child's FD, with a low recurrence. The mechanism may be correlated with the effect of integrated Chinese and Western medicines in regulating serum cytokine and gastrointestinal hormones levels.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT)gene polymorphism and Gilles de la Tourette' s syndrome(GTS).MethodsUsing Amplification Refractory Mutation System(ARMS) PCR genotyping assay method,a polymorphism (val158met) of COMT gene was genotyped in 112 of all GTS patients ( total GTS group) including 54 GTS-alone patients group,48 GTS + ADHD patients group among of them and 71 healthy controls.The correlation between positive association of polymorphism (val158met)of COMT gene in GTS and the age of onset in patients with GTS was also analyzed.ResultsCompared with healthy controls group,genotype of val158met did not differ in total GTS patients group or alone-GTS patients group (χ2 =0.56,P=0.756;χ2 =1.05,P=0.600 respectively).There was also no significant difference (P＞0.05)in allele distribution of val158met in total GTS patients group or alone-GTS patients group compared with controls group respectively (χ2 =0.18,P=0.669;χ2 =0.29,P=0.593 respectively).However,genotype distribution of val158met was significantly different between GTS + ADHD patients group and controls group( χ2 =6.35,P =0.041 ).The frequency of the val allele of this locus was significantly higher in GTS + ADHD patients group than those in controls group ( χ2 =5.49,P =0.019 ).The mean age of onset (6.80 ± 1.54 ) in 36 children within GTS + ADHD patients group with the val/val geantype of COMT gene val158met polymorphism was significantly earlier than the mean age of onset (8.04 ± 1.54)in 12 children in val/val genotype (P =0.016 ).ConclusionPolymorphism (val158met) of COMT gene may be associated with GTS children with comorbid ADHD,which may play an important role to make the age of onset in children with GTS become earlier.