The study aims to elucidate the characteristics of pharmacokinetics of scopolamine hydrobromide oral disintegrative microencapsule tablets in healthy Beagle dogs. Chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column (100 mm x 3.0 mm, 3.5 microm) with methanol - 2 mmol x L(-1) ammonium formate (25 : 75) as the mobile phase. A trip-quadrupole tandem mass spectrum with the electrospray ionization (ESI) source was applied and positive ion multiple reaction monitoring mode was operated. Six Beagle dogs were randomly devided into two groups. They received oral single dose of scopolamine hydrobromide oral disintegrative microencapsule tablets 0.6 mg (test tablet) or scopolamine hydrobromide normal tablets (reference tablet). Plasma samples were collected at designed time. Plasma concentration of scopolamine hydrobromide was determined by LC-MS/MS and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The pharmacokinetic parameters of test tablet vs reference tablet were as follows: C(max): (8.16 +/- 0.67) ng x mL(-1) vs (3.54 +/- 0.64) ng x mL(-1); t1/2: (2.83 +/- 0.45) h vs (3.85 +/- 0.82) h; t(max): (1.25 +/- 0.27) h vs (0.42 +/- 0.09) h; AUC(0-12h): (25.06 +/- 3.75) h x ng x mL(-1) vs (9.59 +/- 1.02) h x ng x mL(-1); AUC(0-infinity): (26.30 +/- 3.92) h x ng x mL(-1) vs (10.80 +/- 1.45) h x ng x mL(-1); MRT(0-12h): (3.38 +/- 0.34) h vs (3.86 +/- 0.26) h; MRT(0-infinity): (3.98 +/- 0.63) h vs (5.37 +/- 1.00) h. The absorption rate and AUC of test tablet is different from that of reference tablet. The bioavailability of test tablet is better than those of reference tablet.

Aim To investigate the effect of catalpol from Radix Rehmanniae on M_2 receptor density in CHO cells transfected with gene of M_2 receptors(CHO m2).Methods Cultured CHOm2 cells were randomly divided into 4 groups:three concentrations of catalpol :10-6、10-5、10-4 mol?L-1,and saline control.After addition of catalpol and saline for 72 h,M_2 Receptor density was measured by single point 3H-NMS binding assay,the content of protein was measured with Lowry's method.Competitive binding assay using the binding system of 3H-NMS was performed to address the question about whether catalpol could occupy the M receptor binding site.Addition of catapol to brain homogenate and measuring the enzyme activity with the Ellman's colorimetric method were performed to address the question about whether catalpol could in-hibit acetylcholinesterase activity.Results Catalpol can elevate the M_2 receptor density in CHO m2 cells significantly at the doses of 10-5、10-4 mol?L-1(P

ObjectiveTo study the effect of rehabilitation on psychological health in first schizophrenic patients. Methods86 patients were divided into observation group and control group equally. Patients in both groups received medical treatment and routine health education. Patients in observation group received rehabilitation in addition. They were assessed with Symptom Checklist-90 （SCL-90）before and 8 weeks after treatment.ResultsAfter treatment, the scores of SCL-90 in both groups reduced significantly （P<0.05）, and less in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.01).ConclusionRehabilitation can improve the psychological health for patients with first schizophrenia.

Objective To explore the impact of nucleos(t)ide analogue antiviral therapy on anxiety and depression of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB),and analyze the related factors.Methods Before nucleos(t)ide analogue antiviral therapy,1 year and 2 years after antiviral therapy,120 CHB patients were investigated with self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS).The demography data of patients were collected.Serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and other biochemical indicators were measured regularly.Results Before nucleos(t)ide analogue antiviral therapy,1 year and 2 years after antiviral therapy,both the mean scores of SAS and SDS became lower gradually (F=12.661 and 22.395,respectively;both P＜0.01).The percentage of patients with SAS and SDS scores more than 50 were 5.8％,4.2％,1.7％ and 13.3％,7.5％,5.0％,respectively.After 2 years of therapy,the anxiety improvement rate of the patients obtained HBV DNA＜1000 copy/mL was 69.0％,while those with HBV DNA≥1000 copy/mL was 22.2％ (x2 =22.325,P＜0.01).Meanwhile,after 2 years of therapy,the depression improvement rate of the patients obtained HBV DNA＜1000 copy/mL was 77.4％,while those with HBV DNA≥1000 copy/mL was 22.2％ (x2 =32.179,P＜0.01).Multiple factors Logistic regression analysis indicated that the odds ratios (OR) of improvement of anxiety and depression in patients with HBV DNA＜1000 copy/mL were 7.751 (95％ CI:3.026-19.853) and 15.069(95％ CI:5.309-42.770),respectively,compared with those with HBV DNA≥1000 copy/mL; and OR of improvement of depression in patients with ALT≤40 U/L waa 4.103 (95％ CI: 1.376 - 12.238).Conclusions Nucleos(t) ide analogue antiviral therapy could improve the anxiety and depression of CHB patients.The HBV DNA negativity is the independent impact factor of improvement of anxiety and depression in CHB the patients.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of MSCTP in Alzheimer's disease with sleep disorders as the primary manifestation.Methods:Seventy-six patients with Alzheimer's disease who had sleep disorders as the primary manifestation from January 2018 to December 2018 in the Seventh People's Hospital of Wenzhou were selected as study group, and 76 healthy subjects were selected as control group.Both two groups of subjects were diagnosed with MSCTP.The Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PQSI) score and the mini mental state examination (MMSE) score were compared between the two groups.The cerebral blood flow(CBF) was measured in the bilateral temporal lobe, frontal lobe, hippocampus and basal ganglia of the two groups.Results:The PQSI score of the study group[(9.42±0.60)points] was significantly higher than that of the control group[(2.87±0.17)points], the difference was statistically significant( t=11.379, P<0.05). The MMSE score of the study group[(16.54±1.19)points] was significantly lower than that of the control group[(27.49±0.82)points], the difference was statistically significant( t=9.637, P<0.05). The CBF of the left and right temporal lobe, frontal lobe, hippocampus and basal ganglia in the study group[left: (14.12±1.00)mL·min -1·100g -1, (18.40±1.29)mL·min -1·100g -1, (18.41±1.30) mL·min -1·100g -1, (31.90±11.41)mL·min -1·100g -1; right: (14.09±0.97)mL·min -1·100g -1, (18.42±1.02)mL·min -1·100g -1, (17.27±0.96)mL·min -1·100g -1, (15.48±6.28)mL·min -1·100g -1] were significantly lower than those in the control group[left: (19.30±1.12)mL·min -1·100g -1, (27.10±1.94)mL·min -1·100g -1, (27.13±1.42)mL·min -1·100g -1, (39.95±19.12)mL·min -1·100g -1; right: (19.32±1.11)mL·min -1·100g -1, (23.32±1.61)mL·min -1·100g -1, (22.18±1.00)mL·min -1·100g -1, (22.13±8.79)mL·min -1·100g -1], the differences were statistically significant( t=8.412, 8.469, 13.076, 4.763, 13.125, 5.183, 9.874, 7.376, all P<0.05). Conclusion:The sleep quality and cognitive ability of Alzheimer's disease patients with sleep disorders as the primary manifestation are poor, the diagnosis of MSCTP shows that CBF of patients are significantly reduced, which has certain value for clinical diagnosis.

Objective To observe the impact of cold circulation liquid temperature on ablation focus morphology of microwave ablation(MWA)for in vitro porcine liver tissue.Methods Twenty in vitro fresh porcine liver blocks were randomly divided into ice water circulation group(group A)and normal temperature circulation group(group B),respectively.Ten target ablations in each subgroups in group A and group B,i.e.A1 and B1(50 W,1 min),A2 and B2(50 W,5 min),A3 and B3(60 W,1 min),A4 and B4(60 W,5 min),A5 and B5(70 W,1 min)as well as A6 and B6(70 W,5 min)subgroups were performed using different ablation power(50,60,70 W)and ablation time(1,5 min),respectively.Then the morphology indexes of ablation foci,including longitudinal diameter(LD),transverse diameter(TD),roundness index(RI)and volume(V)were compared between subgroups in group A and B,also among subgroups within group A and B.Results Under the same ablation power and time,LD of ablation foci in subgroups of group A were all smaller than those of group B(all P＜0.05).Significant differences of RI of ablation foci were found between A1 and B1,A2 and B2,A4 and B4,A5 and B5 as well as A6 and B6 subgroups(all P＜0.05),but not between A3 and B3 subgroups(P＞0.05).However,the main effect of cold circulation liquid temperature on ablation focus TD(F=1.125)nor V(F=3.332)was not significant(both P≥0.05).Under the same cold circulation liquid temperature,significant differences of the morphology indexes of ablation foci were detected between A1 and A2,A3 and A4 as well as A5 and A6 subgroups,also between corresponding subgroups in group B(all P＜0.05).Conclusion During MWA for in vitro porcine liver tissue under constant ablation power and time,taken ice water as the cold circulation liquid was benefit to ablation focus shaped spherically.With the extension of ablation time,the larger the ablation focus,the higher the RI.

Objective To observe area of coagulation necrosis after microwave ablation(MWA)of rabbit liver showed on contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)in comparison with pathological findings.Methods Twenty-five healthy male experimental rabbits were equally randomly divided into L0,M0,H0,M7 and M14 groups.MWA was achieved with different power and time,and then CEUS and pathological examinations were performed,respectively.Four target areas of rabbit liver were ablated under 20 W for 1 min in L0 group,under 30 W for 1 min in M0 group and under 30 W for 3 min in H0 group,and the ablated areas were observed on the same day after MWA,while 2 target areas of rabbit liver were ablated under 30 W for 1 min in M7 and M14 groups,and the ablated areas were observed 7 days and 14 days after MWA,respectively.The ablated foci and ablated foci+edema band(inflammatory reaction band,IRB)showed on CEUS and pathology were compared,and their differences and changes with time going were analyzed.Results On the day of ablation,the extent of ablation foci,ablation foci+IRB as well as IRB in L0,M0 and H0 groups showed on CEUS were all larger than pathological findings under light microscopy(all P＜0.05),and the difference value of the length of the ablation foci between 2 methods increased sequentially among group L0,M0 and H0(all adjusted P＜0.05).Seven days after ablation,the area of ablation foci measured with CEUS in M 7 group was slightly larger than that measured with pathology(adjusted P=0.045),but no significant difference of the length nor the short diameter was found(both adjusted P＞0.05).Fourteen days after ablation,no significant difference of the length,the short diameter nor the area of ablation foci was detected between 2 methods in M14 group(all adjusted P＞0.05).The length,short diameter and area of ablation foci in M0 group measured with CEUS or pathology were all smaller than those in M 7 and M14 groups(all adjusted P＜0.05),while no significant difference was found between the latter 2 groups(all adjusted P＞0.05).Conclusion On the day of MWA of rabbit liver with different power and time settings,the areas of ablation foci,ablation foci+IRB and IRB showed on CEUS were larger than pathological findings.The range of ablation foci showed on CEUS 7 days after ablation was basically in line with pathology,indicating that CUES should be reexamined 7 days after ablation to evaluate the actual extent of coagulation and necrosis of ablation foci.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of pediatric methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection and the antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates. Methods:The clinical data of children with MRSA infection and antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates from 11 children′s hospitals in Infectious Diseases Surveillance of Paediatrics (ISPED) group of China between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2018 were collected retrospectively. The children′s general condition, high-risk factors, antimicrobial therapy and prognosis, differences in clinical disease and laboratory test results between different age groups, and differences of antibiotic sensitivity between community-acquired (CA)-MRSA and hospital-acquired (HA)-MRSA were analyzed. The t test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used for statistical analysis of the quantitative data and Chi-square test were used for comparison of rates. Results:Among the 452 patients, 264 were males and 188 were females, aged from 2 days to 17 years. There were 233 cases (51.5%) in the ≤1 year old group, 79 cases (17.5%) in the>1-3 years old group, 29 cases (6.4%) in the >3-5 years old group, 65 cases (14.4%) in the >5-10 years old group, and 46 cases (10.2%) in the>10 years old group. The main distributions of onset seasons were 55 cases (12.2%) in December, 47 cases (10.4%) in February, 46 cases (10.2%) in November, 45 cases (10.0%) in January, 40 cases (8.8%) in March. There were 335 cases (74.1%) CA-MRSA and 117 (25.9%) cases HA-MRSA. Among all cases, 174 cases (38.5%) had basic diseases or long-term use of hormone and immunosuppressive drugs. During the period of hospitalization, 209 cases (46.2%) received medical interventions. There were 182 patients (40.3%) had used antibiotics (β-lactams, glycopeptides, macrolides, carbapenems, oxazolones, sulfonamides etc) 3 months before admission. The most common clinical disease was pneumonia (203 cases), followed by skin soft-tissue infection (133 cases), sepsis (92 cases), deep tissue abscess (42 cases), osteomyelitis (40 cases), and septic arthritis (26 cases), suppurative meningitis (10 cases). The proportion of pneumonia in the ≤1 year old group was higher than the >1-3 years old group,>3-5 years old group,>5-10 years old group,>10 years old group (57.5% (134/233) vs. 30.4% (24/79), 31.0% (9/29), 38.5% (25/65), 23.9% (11/46), χ 2=17.374, 7.293, 7.410, 17.373, all P<0.01) The proportion of skin and soft tissue infections caused by CA-MRSA infection was higher than HA-MRSA (33.4% (112/335) vs. 17.9% (21/117), χ 2=10.010, P=0.002), and the proportion of pneumonia caused by HA-MRSA infection was higher than CA-MRSA (53.0% (62/117) vs. 42.1% (141/335), χ 2=4.166, P=0.041). The first white blood cell count of the ≤1 year old group was higher than that children > 1 year old ((15±8)×10 9/L vs. (13±7)×10 9/L, t=2.697, P=0.007), while the C-reactive protein of the ≤1 year old group was lower than the 1-3 years old group,>5-10 years old group,>10 years old group (8.00 (0.04-194.00) vs.17.00 (0.50-316.00), 15.20 (0.23-312.00), 21.79(0.13-219.00) mg/L, Z=3.207, 2.044, 2.513, all P<0.05), there were no significant differences in procalcitonin (PCT) between different age groups (all P>0.05). After the treatment, 131 cases were cured, 278 cases were improved, 21 cases were not cured, 12 cases died, and 10 cases were abandoned. The 452 MRSA isolates were all sensitive to vancomycin (100.0%), linezolid (100.0%), 100.0% resistant to penicillin, highly resistant to erythromycin (85.0%, 375/441), clindamycin (67.7%, 294/434), less resistant to sulfonamides (5.9%, 23/391), levofloxacin (4.5%, 19/423), gentamicin (3.2%, 14/438), rifampicin (1.8%, 8/440), minocycline (1.1%, 1/91). The antimicrobial resistance rates were not significantly different between the CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions:The infection of MRSA is mainly found in infants under 3 years old. The prevalent seasons are winter and spring, and MRSA is mainly acquired in the community. The main clinical diseases are pneumonia, skin soft-tissue infection and sepsis. No MRSA isolate is resistant to vancomycin, linezolid. MRSA isolates are generally sensitive to sulfonamides, levofloxacin, gentamicin, rifampicin, minocycline, and were highly resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin. To achieve better prognosis. clinicians should initiate anti-infective treatment for children with MRSA infection according to the clinical characteristics of patients and drug sensitivity of the isolates timely and effectively.