OBJECTIVE:To study the professional risks of Chinese clinical pharmacists.METHODS:The source and avoidance of professional risks for clinical pharmacists were analyzed on the basis of current practice and literatures.RESULTS:Lack of clarity in duties and rights of clinical pharmacists,undefined criteria for evaluation of their works were among the main causes of their professional risks.CONCLUSION:It is essential to renew and implement the related regulations and guidelines on clinical pharmaceutical practice to minimize the professional risks,which should be responded both by the authority and professionals.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of antiplatelet combined with anticoagulation therapy for restenosis prophylaxis after stent placement in diabetic patients with leg atherosclerosis obliterans(LASO). Methods:83 diabetic LASO patients with stent placement were collected and randomly divided into the treatment group(42 cases)and the control group (41 cases)with 49 sick limbs in each. The control group was treated with clopidogrel(75mg,for 1 year)plus bayaspirin(100 mg),while the treatment group was treated with low molecular heparin(withdrawal when INR = 2. 0- 3. 0)plus warfarin(for 6 months)additionally. All cases were followed up for 12 months and the efficacy and safety were compared and evaluated. Results:After therapy,there were no differences in FPG,GHbA1C,TC and LDL-C at each time point between the two groups(P >0. 05). Compared with that in the control group,MLD in the treatment group was improved obviously(P < 0. 05)in the 12th month after the surgery,while restenosis rate and level of D-D in plasma were declined significantly(P < 0. 05). And there was no difference in bleeding rate between the two groups(P > 0. 05). Conclusion:Compared with antiplatelet therapy,antiplatelet combined with anticoagulation therapy for restenosis prophylaxis after stent placement in diabetic LASO patients is more effective and safer,which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective: To study the permeability of leflunomide and the effect of liposome on its permeability. Methods: Modified Franz diffusion cell adopted as apparatus for in vitro skin permeation. Various excised skins were used as permeation barriers and permeation coefficient was used as index. The concentration of leflunomide in the samples was measured by HPLC. Results: Leflunomide had a good permeability, but the effect of liposome on permeability was not very strong. Conclusion: It is feasible that leflunomide is applied through skin. [

OBJECTIVE:To provide references for pharmaceutical workers in retrieving literatures by means of Chinese bi_omedical database(CBM),China journal full-text database(CNK) and Chinese science & technology journal database(VIP).METHDOS:With the commonly research topics of hospital pharmacy as research scope,literatures retrieved by database sampling underwent a preliminary contrast analysis and a computer-assisted automatic meta-analysis after programming.RESU_TLS:None the 3 databases indexed all the tested pharmaceutical periodicals(totaled 79 kinds).There were differences among the un-indexed periodicals, except a few are the same in kinds.The retrieved literatures of docuterm had a high proportion of repetition;however,the computer had merged the same literatures retrieved in different databases.CONCLUSIONS:The literatures indexed in the 3 databases have their own characteristics,thus literature recall ratio can only be improved by combining multiple databases.The automatic meta-analysis of the retrieval literatures can be performed by means of computer program,the repeated work can be reduced thereafter.

Aim To investigate the effect of catalpol from Radix Rehmanniae on M_2 receptor density in CHO cells transfected with gene of M_2 receptors(CHO m2).Methods Cultured CHOm2 cells were randomly divided into 4 groups:three concentrations of catalpol :10-6、10-5、10-4 mol?L-1,and saline control.After addition of catalpol and saline for 72 h,M_2 Receptor density was measured by single point 3H-NMS binding assay,the content of protein was measured with Lowry's method.Competitive binding assay using the binding system of 3H-NMS was performed to address the question about whether catalpol could occupy the M receptor binding site.Addition of catapol to brain homogenate and measuring the enzyme activity with the Ellman's colorimetric method were performed to address the question about whether catalpol could in-hibit acetylcholinesterase activity.Results Catalpol can elevate the M_2 receptor density in CHO m2 cells significantly at the doses of 10-5、10-4 mol?L-1(P

OBJECTIVE:To establish the RP-HPLC method for determination of methyl hydroxybenzoate and ethyl hydroxybenzoate in oral liquid preparations METHODS:The Nova-Park C18 column(3 9mm?150mm,5?m)was used The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water(25∶75)at a flow rate of 1ml/min,the detection wavelength was set at 254nm and the sensitivity was set at 0 01 AUFS RESULTS:The linear ranges of methyl hydroxybenzoate and ethyl hydroxybenzoate were 0 4 412～13 2 360?g/ml(r=0 9 999) and 0 6 672～20 0 160?g/ml(r=0 9 998)respectively CONCLUSION:The method is simple,rapid and accurate It can be used to detect antiseptics in hospital preparations

Objective To study the effect of Tongxinluo capsule on vascular endothelial injure in patients with diabetes mellitus.Methods 60 patients with diabetes mellitus were randomly divided into common group and Tongxinluo group.The former was treated with insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents,the latter was added with Tongxinluo capsule oral based on aforesaid therapy.Plasma von Willebrand Factor(vWF)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were measured before and after treatment.Results After treated with Tongxinluo,The plasma level of vWF was lower than that of common(P<0.01),as well as the level of lipid(P<0.01),while the plasma level of SOD was higher(P<0.01).Conclusion Tongxinluo can protect the of vascular endothelial cells from diabetes mellitus,that may play a role in prevention of the complication.

BACKGROUND: The abnormality of the function of arcuate nucleus may be an important factor of obesity. It has been known that the mechanisms of acupuncture in treating obesity are related to nervous and neurohumoral regulation. What is the regulating effect of acupuncture on the function of arcuate nucleus?OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of acupuncture on the function of arcuate nucleus of obese rats, and further investigate central nervous functional mechanism of reducing weight by acupuncture.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study based on the experimental animals.SETTING: Acupuncture institute in second clinical medical college of a university of traditional Chinese medicine, and a population management college.MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out in the Acupuncture Institute of Second Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between April and October 2002. One-month old male SD rats just in ablactation were selected.METHODS: Rats fed with ordinary wholesome rat-feed were in the normal group. The successfully established experimental obese rats models were randomly divided as control group and acupuncture group with 12 rats in each group. Rats in the acupuncture group were given acupuncture treatment for 14 days, and rats in the normal and control groups were put into rat fixation-machine for 15 minutes every day, lasting for 14 days. Body mass, Lee' s index, body lipid, level of central and peripheral leptin and insulin(INS) as well as the frequency of spontaneous discharge of nerve cell in the arcuate nucleus(ARC) of hypothalamus in obese rats were observed with nervous electrophysiological and nervous biochemical technology before and after acupuncture.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Effect of acupuncture on obesity index, fat contents of pericardium, kidney and epididymis of experimental obese rats. ② Effect of acupuncture on the frequency of spontaneous discharge of ARC nerve cell of hypothalamus in obese rats. ③ Effect of acupuncture on the contents of hypothalamic and serum leptin and INS of rats in each groups. ④ Correlation of the frequency of spontaneous discharge of ARC nerve cell of hypothalamus with the level of hypothalamic leptin and INS.RESULTS: The body mass[(517.74±29.35) g], Lee' s index (319.85 ± 3.96) and body fat content of obesity rats [ (13.88 ± 1.32) g] were all significantly higher than those in the normal rats, the differences were significant(P ＜ 0.01); the frequency of spontaneous discharge of nerve cell in ARC of hypothalamus in obese rats [ (3.12 ± 1.92) Hz] were all markedly lower than those of the normal rats[ (8.99 ± 2.71 ) Hz], the differences were significant (P ＜ 0.01 ); the frequency of spontaneous discharge of nerve cell in ARC was negatively correlated with body mass, Lee' s index and body lipid( r = -0. 592, -0. 672, -0. 521 ) . Acupuncture significantly increased the frequency of spontaneous discharge of nerve cell in ARC of hypothalamus in obese rats [(9.75 ±2.02) Hz] as compared with the control group, the differences were significant( P ＜ 0. 01 ).CONCLUSION: The good regulating effect of acupuncture on the function of arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus might be one of mechanisms in the antiobesity of acupuncture.

Objective To understand the zoonotic trematode species identified in domestic animals from Huainan area,An-hui Province,so as to supply the evidence for the prevention of zoonoses. Methods The livestock/definitive hosts were commer-cially available on category basis,and sacrificed for obtaining the parasitic samples via dissecting the viscera. The specimens were microscopically identified,with reference to the descriptions in the previous literature. Results By identification,sorting and classification,41 species of internal trematodes were found so far in the domestic animals fed in Huainan areas,in which 23 spe-cies were zoonotic trematodes and 18 were internally parasitic in livestock,belonging to 4 orders,12 families and 21 genera,and occurred in 9 definitive hosts including chicken,ducks,geese,pigs,cattle,buffaloes,sheep,goats and dogs,respectively. Con-clusion The findings suggest that the zoonotic trematodes belong to many kinds and prevalent in the domestic animals in Huainan areas,and such prevalence should call for high attention since it is urgent risk factors for zoonoses in this geographic area.

Objective To evaluate the application and efficacy of 6S quality management methods in drug clinical trials of oncology department.Methods By using 6S (Seiri,Seiton,Seiso,Seiketsu,Shitsuke,Safety) quality management methods,quality about mastering level of good clinical practice (GCP) knowledge,sample collection and drug management etc.were controlled,and efficacy after the quality control was evaluated.Results After implemention of 6S quality management,rate of achieving GCP certificate was increased to 77.80％,accuracy rate of sample collection and accuracy rate of medicine preparation were increased to 100.00％,and the rate of relearning study protocol was increased to 100.00％,and subjects' satisfaction was improved significantly.Conclusion The implementation of 6S quality management methods could effectively enhance the quality of drug clinical trials in oncology department.