Objective To review the neuron synaptic plasticity in hioppocampus in the pathogenesis of depression in present studies,and expected to provide reference and basis for study of depression in clinic and model.Methods The wordsdepression, antidepression, chronic unpredictable stimulate, hippocampus, synapse,plasticity were used as index words.Analysis the relationship of depression or antidepression and synaptic plasticity in hippocampus from the results of researches enrolled at home or abroad.Summarize the effect of neuron synaptic plasticity in hioppocampus in the pathogenesis of depression.Result Totally 37 articles enrolled.They show the onset of depression or antidepressant processes always combine with the damage or recover of neuron synaptic plasticity.Conclusion The reduction or damage in synaptic plasticity in hippocampus is likely to be the pathogenesis of depression,like the changes of function or expression of SYN-1,MAP-2,SYT-1,PSD-95 or any other synapse-associated proteins.Meanwhile,studies of using enrich environment to treat depression indicated that depression is likely related to the synaptic plasticity in hippocampus in another way.But who are the synapse-associated proteins related to synaptic plasticity in depression? How to design the enrich environment.? These still need further study.

Investigation of the pharmacokinetics of paeonol microemulsion, microemulsion-based gels and marketed paeonol ointments by the skin-blood synchronous microdialysis coupled with LC/MS is reported in this study. The microdialysis systems were established by linear probes and concentric circles probes. In vivo recovery of paeonol in skin is (69.7 +/- 4.8) % and in blood is (51.6 +/- 7.2)%. The paeonol microemulsion, microemulsion-based gels and marketed paeonol ointments were administered to rats. PBS (pH 7.4) served as perfused solution. The perfusion rate was 5 microL x mL(-1) and the microdialysis samples were collected every 20 min intervals. The paeonol concentration in perfused solution was determined by LC/MS. The results showed that paeonol microemulsion and microemulsion-based gels significantly raised the drug concentrations in skin more than that of paeonol ointments. The paeonol microemulsion-based gels has similar bioavailability as the paeonol ointments in blood, but its blood drug concentrations were steadier. The paeonol microemulsion-based gels may be developed into a new preparation for dermis eczema. The skin-blood synchronous microdialysis technique proved to be a new method for the pharmacokinetics study of transdermal delivery systems.

Objective To study the expression of hepatic growth factor(HGF) and C-met in reserved liver tissue after partial hepatectomy of rats with hepatic fibrosis. Methods Totally 130 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal group (n=7), group of normal rats with partial hepatectomy(n=50),hepatic fibrotic group(n=7), and group of hepatic fibrotic rats with partial hepatectomy(n=66). Rats were killed after operation 12 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 5 days, 7 days and 14 days separately, then HGF and C-met of reserved liver tissues were detected with immunohistochemistry staining and Western blotting. Results In the group of normal rats with partial hepatectomy, immunohistochemistry staining indicated that the expression of HGF and C-met increased to get the peak point after partialhepatectomy 12 hours and 3 days respectively, and HGF maintained at the high level to the 7th day, then decreased gradually, finaly approched to the level of pro-operation at 14th day, but C-met fell sharply,and declined to the the level of pro-operation at the 14th day. In the group of hepatic fibrotic rats with partial hepatectomy, the expression of HGF and C-met decreased sharply after operation 12 hours, next HGF increased to get the peak point at the 1st day, and then declined speedily, and decreased to the bottom at the 14th day, but C-met declined to the bottom at the 3rd day, then increased slightly till the 7th day, affter that increased sharply to the summit at the 14th day. Western blotting analysis showed the results of HGF and C-met coincided with that of immunohistochemistry. Conclusion The high isochronous expression of HGF and C-met in hepatic tissue is propitious to hepatocellular division, Which indicates that the expresson out of step of HGF and C-met might be the key reason of hard regeneration of fibrosis liver after operation.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the profile of the pathogens and their drug resistance isolated from children with lower respiratory tract infection in Wenzhou area from Jan 2004 to Dec 2006.METHODS Lower respiratory tract secretions were obtained from children with lower respiratory tract infection for bacterial culture.The K-B method was applied for the antibiotic susceptibility test.RESULTS Total 1605 strains were isolated.The isolating rates of Gram-positive cocci,Gram-negative bacilli and fungi were 24.9%,61.2% and 14.0%,respectively.60.5%,and 54.6% of the isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamases(ESBLs).The rate of Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pnenmoniae(PRSPN)was 30.6%.20.5% isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were MRSA.All isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and Gram-positive cocci were susceptible to imipenem and vancomycin in vitro.CONCLUSIONS Gram-negative bacilli are still the primary pathogens resulting in lower respiratory tract infection in children.Fungi and muti-drug-resistant bacteria are on the rise trend.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current situation and rationality of clinical usage of antibacterial drugs in our hospital and to find out corresponding supervision measures. METHODS According to the same method and criterion,3343 medical records of discharged patients in 14 departments were investigated retrospectively by utilizing the designed questionnaire. RESULTS The total application rate of antibacterial drugs was 60%,and the rate of preventive usage took up 41% of the total application rate,the application rate of cephalosporins was the highest,and that of quinolones was the next.For the combined usage of drugs,1 150 patients were treated with one drug,730 were treated with two drugs,and 99 were treated with more than three drugs.The treatment period of 1 086 patients was less than 7 days. CONCLUSIONS The usage of antibacterial drugs should be supervised more intensively and the training for medical personnel be strengthened to improve their knowledge of using antibacterial drugs,in order to achieve the rational usage of antibacterial drugs.

OBJECTIVE To find out relative risk factors of nosocomial infection in order to provide the evidence for taking measures to effectively control and reduce the infection rate.METHODS A retrospective survey was carried out on 19 535 cases of hospitalized patients during Jan and Dec of 2006.RESULTS In 2006,the nosocomial infection patients were 389,and the nosocomial infection rate of hospitalized patients was 1.99%;the sections with higher infection rates were respectively as follows: ICU,department of neurology,department of oncology,department of nephrology and department of pediatrics;the infected part of the body mainly occurred in respiratory tract,urinary tract,and gastrointestinal tract.In the nosocomial infection,132 strains were detected and its main pathogens were Gram-negative bacteria(52.27%).CONCLUSIONS The effective measures to control and prevent nosocomial infection rates should involve rational use of antibiotic drugs,increasing in the rate of delivering samples,shortening the period of hospitalization,decreasing in the aggressive operations and strengthening inspections of key departments.

Lymphokine-osteoclast activating factor(OAF) is a potent mediator of bone resorption. PGs which mediate bone resorption are necessary for OAF. It has been reported that mononuclear is an important factor in bone resorption; and circulating monocytes may be osteoclast precursors,but it is not clear at present. We used CT and PTH which are potent physiological calcium-regulator hormones to stimulated mono-nuclear to study it's role for bone resorption. Mononuclear was isolated from normal human peripheral blood by Ficoll-Hypaque. After cultured in C02 incubator at 37℃ for 24h. 0.05g/L PTH and 100U/L CT were added and incubated in the same condation. After 2.5min, 5min, 10min, and 15min cAMP was measured by RIA. In the sam way PGE was determined. Our experiment exhibited that circulating mononuclear responds to CT and PTH with an increase in cAMP firstly, and enhances PGE production by CT and PTH stimulated mononuclear secondly. The results suggest that mononuclear participated in the regulation of bone resorption by PGE, OAF and other factor.

Aim To explore the possible anti-inflammation mechanism of paeonol by investigating its effects on the MMP-9 mRNA expression and cytokines production in human dermal fibroblasts induced by TNF-?.Methods The effect of paneonol on the expression of MMP-9 mRNA was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.The modulation of paneonol on the production of IL-1?,IL-6 and IL-8 in fibroblasts was measured by ELISA.Results MMP-9 hardly expressed in human dermal fibroblast.The results also showed that TNF-? significantly induced the expression of MMP-9 in fibroblasts and at the same time paeonol inhibited the expression of MMP-9.TNF-? stimulated the production of IL-1? and IL-8 in fibroblasts,while 10~100 mg?L-1 paeonol inhibited TNF-?-induced IL-1? and IL-8 production in fibroblasts but had nothing to do with the production of IL-6.Conclusions Paeonol can inhibit the expression of MMP-9 mRNA,IL-1? and IL-8 induced by TNF-?.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the abnormality in hematological system induced by antituberculosis drugs so as to promote the rational use of drugs in the clinic.METHODS:The 441 case reports on abnormality in hematological system induced by antituberculosis drugs retrieved from Chinese medical science periodicals from Jan 1990 to Apr 2007 collected in CHKD periodicals knowledge base in China hospital digital library were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:A total of 15 antibuberculosis drugs were involved in the ADR cases,leading the list were rifampicin,ciprofloxacin and isoniazide,which resulted in a total of 211 ADR cases.Leukopenia was the chief clinical manifestation.CONCLUSIONS:It is essential for clinical practitioners master the distribution patterns of ADR in hematological system caused by antituberculosis drugs so as to promote medication safety.

Objective To investigate the effects of chronic ethanol exposure and withdrawal on the expression of actin-binding protein cofilin,p-cofilin and cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (cdk5) in the nucleus accumbens and striatum in rat brain.Methods Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into one control group and three experimental groups.In the experimental groups,ethanol was administered in drinking water at the concentration of 6％ (V/V) for two months.Rats in control group drank normal drinking water.After two months ethanol was removed and ethanol withdrawal syndromes were evaluated.Rats were sacrificed on withdrawal 0 h,withdrawal 6 h and withdrawal 2 d.The expression levels of cofilin,p-cofilin(ser3)and cdk5 in the rat brain were measured by immunohistochemistry methods.Results Withdrawal syndrome scores of ethanol fed rats were obviously higher than those of control rats after ethanol was removed,the highest score occurred at 6 h after ethanol withdrawal.In the nucleus accumbens area of rat brain,the levels of cofilin on withdrawal 0 h significantly decreased compared with control group ((0.31±0.05),(0.39± 0.05),P＜ 0.05).The levels of cdk5 on withdrawal 0 h and withdrawal 6 h significantly increased compared with control group((0.36±0.07),(0.34±0.07),(0.25±0.05),P＜0.05).In the striatum of rat brain,the levels of cofilin on withdrawal 0 h significantly decreased compared with control group ((0.26±0.04),(0.34±0.05),P＜0.05).The levels of p-cofilin on withdrawal 6 h significantly increased compared with control group((0.43±0.06),(0.30±0.06),P＜0.01).The levels of cdk5 on withdrawal 0 h significantly increased compared with control group((0.35±0.06),(0.26±0.05),P＜0.05),and the levels of cofilin on withdrawal 6 h significantly decreased compared with control group((0.37±0.06),(0.26±0.05),P＜0.01).Conclusion Chronic ethanol exposure can induce the development of ethanol dependence,and it accompanies with changes in the expression of actin-binding protein and cdk5 in the brain of rats.