OBJECTIVE To investigate the current situation and rationality of clinical usage of antibacterial drugs in our hospital and to find out corresponding supervision measures. METHODS According to the same method and criterion,3343 medical records of discharged patients in 14 departments were investigated retrospectively by utilizing the designed questionnaire. RESULTS The total application rate of antibacterial drugs was 60%,and the rate of preventive usage took up 41% of the total application rate,the application rate of cephalosporins was the highest,and that of quinolones was the next.For the combined usage of drugs,1 150 patients were treated with one drug,730 were treated with two drugs,and 99 were treated with more than three drugs.The treatment period of 1 086 patients was less than 7 days. CONCLUSIONS The usage of antibacterial drugs should be supervised more intensively and the training for medical personnel be strengthened to improve their knowledge of using antibacterial drugs,in order to achieve the rational usage of antibacterial drugs.

OBJECTIVE To find out relative risk factors of nosocomial infection in order to provide the evidence for taking measures to effectively control and reduce the infection rate.METHODS A retrospective survey was carried out on 19 535 cases of hospitalized patients during Jan and Dec of 2006.RESULTS In 2006,the nosocomial infection patients were 389,and the nosocomial infection rate of hospitalized patients was 1.99%;the sections with higher infection rates were respectively as follows: ICU,department of neurology,department of oncology,department of nephrology and department of pediatrics;the infected part of the body mainly occurred in respiratory tract,urinary tract,and gastrointestinal tract.In the nosocomial infection,132 strains were detected and its main pathogens were Gram-negative bacteria(52.27%).CONCLUSIONS The effective measures to control and prevent nosocomial infection rates should involve rational use of antibiotic drugs,increasing in the rate of delivering samples,shortening the period of hospitalization,decreasing in the aggressive operations and strengthening inspections of key departments.

Objective To observe plasma resistin levels in patients with essential hypertension (HT) of Xinjiang Kazakans and Han nationalities, and explore its association with insulin resistance (IR), blood glucose, blood lipids, blood pressure and obesity. Methods Total 127 Kazakan cases and 131 Han cases were selected as the subjects. According to their blood pressure, they were divided into HT group of Kazakans, control group of Kazakans, HT group of Hans and control group of Hans. Blood pressure, height, weight, waist circum-ference (WC) and hip were measured. Plasma resistin, fasting insulin(FINS), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), tri-glyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C), apoprotein-A1( Apo-A1)and apoprotein-B(Apo-B) were determined. Body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio ( WHR), body fat percentage ( BF% )and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index ( HOMA-IR) were calculated. Results Plasma resistin levels in the HT groups of Kazakans and Hans were significantly higher than those in their control groups ( P<0.01 ). There were no significant difference in the comparison of plasma resistin levels in HT groups or control groups between Kazakans and Hans ( P>0.05). Plasma resistin was posi-tively and significandy correlated with age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), WC, BMI, WHR, BF%, FlaG, FINS, HOMA-IR, TG in HT groups of Kazakans and Hans ( HT group of Kazakans, r=0.492,0.296,0.281,0.648,0.263,0.515,0.742,0.759,0.797,0.595; HT group of Hans, r=0.417,0.275,0.391,0.483,0.278,0.318,0.453,0.560,0.641,0.310; P<0.05). After the influential factors such as age, blood glucose, blood lipids and obesity were adjusted, plasma resistin level in four groups were still positively and significantly corre-lated with FINS and HOMA-IR ( HT group of Kazakans, r=0.432,0.410 ; control group of Kazakans, r=0.327,0.305 ; HT group of Hans, r=0.426,0.425 ; control group of Hans, r=0.377,0.392 ; P<0.05), but not correlated with SBP or DBP( P>0.05 ). HOMA-IR, FPG and BMI were independent factors for plasma resistin level in HT group of Kazakans, while HOMA-IR, FlaG and BF% were inde-pendent factors for plasma resistin level in HT group of Hans. Conclusion Plasma resistin level was increased in patients with HT of Kaza-karts and Hans. Close correlations between resistin and obesity, blood glucose and IR were found, and there may be indirect correlation be-tween resistin and blood pressure.

Objective To study the feasibility and clinical effect of trans umbilical single incision laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for right hemicolon carcinoma.Methods The clinical data of 35 patients with right hemicolon carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed,the 15 cases were received the trans umbilical single incision laparoscopic right hemicolectomy (single incision group) and 20 cases were received laparotomy right hemicolectomy (laparotomy group).The clinical indexes were compared between the 2 groups.Results The length of incision,intraoperative bleeding volume,passage of gas by anus time,feeding time,hospitalized time in single incision group were significantly better than those in laparotomy group [(5.5 ± 0.6) cm vs.(17.6 ± 2.2) cm,(84.0 ± 31.1) ml vs.(155.5 ± 43.1) ml,(2.00 ± 0.76) d vs.(3.75 ± 0.63) d,(5.3 ± 0.6) d vs.(6.5 ± 0.6) d,(9.3 ± 1.4) d vs.(13.5 ± 1.5) d],the operation time in single incision group was significantly longer than that in laparotomy group [(238.4 ± 19.3) min vs.(165.3 ± 25.8) min],there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistical difference in number of incision lymph node between the 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).Postoperative complication in single incision group occurred in 2 cases,postoperative complication in laparotomy group occurred in 3 cases,there was no statistical difference (P ＞0.05).The follow-up time was 1-55 months,the median follow-up time was 28 months,local recurrence and distant metastasis were found in 2 cases in single incision group,and 4 cases was found in laparotomy group,there was no statistical difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Single incision laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for right hemicolon carcinoma is safe and feasible,which has the advantages of minimal trauma,aesthetic outlook,less bleeding,quick recovery and short hospitalization time,etc.It can be developed in the hospital which has some basis of laparoscopic surgery.

Objective:Colorectal cancer is one of the common gastrointestinal tumors.Recent studies have shown that, the expression of PDEF can promote the differentiation of Secretory progenitor cells to goblet cells in the intestinal tissue.Therefore the oc-currence of colorectal cancer may be related to expression of PDEF.In this study,we tried to investigate the effects of proliferation and invasion after interference targeting prostate-derived ETS factor in colorectal cell lines HT29.Methods: HT29 cells were transiently transfected with PDEF shRNA plasmids and blank control plasmid via cathodolyte liposome transfection method.By fluorescence microscopy,RT-PCR,Western blot technique to detect the expression of PDEF mRNA and protein in normal control group,blank control group,shRNA group.The proliferation and invasion ability of HT29 cells after transfection were assessed by MTT assay and Transwell invasion assay respectively.Results: Green fluorescent protein was observed in blank control plasmid group and shRNA plasmid group.Western blot showed the reduced PDEF protein expression compared with normal control group and blank control group.Interference PDEF gene expression can significantly promote the proliferation of HT29 cells (P<0.05).The ability of cell invasion in interference group was significantly higher than the normal control group and blank control group after 48h ( P<0.05).Conclusion:Interference PDEF in HT29 cells can promote cell proliferation and invasion.

Objective To investigate the change of CNP (C-natriuretic peptides) in patients with PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) with GnRH-α longprotocol for controll ovarian hyper-stimulation(COH).Methods From March 2012 to September 2014,22cases patients with PCOS undergoing IVF-ET in the Reproductive Medical Center of the Center Hospital of JiangMen were selected as study group(Group 1),and 32 cases patients with normal ovarian reserve,the age younger than 35,and the number of oocytes retrieved more than 6 at the same period were selected as control group(Group 2).The level of serum CNP and estradiol(E2) on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and retrieving oocytes,the level of CNP and E2 in follicular fluid were analyzed.In additional,the levels of CNP and E2 in follicular fluid of different fertility and embryo quality were compared.Results (1) CNP and E2 on the day of HCG were significantly higher than that on the day of retrieving oocytes (CNPof Group 1:(107.21±78.55) μg/L vs.(73.01±55.99) μg/L,CNP of Group 2:(69.16±32.39) μg/L vs.(44.11±27.23) μg/L;E2 of group 1:(5231.38±1489.00) ng/L vs.(1985.52±662.54) ng/L,E2 of Group 2:(3678.45±969.57) ng/L vs.(1567.71±493.93) ng/L;t =2.968,2.752,8.147,14.567;P＜0.05).CNP and E2 on the day of retrieving oocytes and E2 on the day of HCG of Group 1 were higher than that of Group 2(t=2.866,2.227,2.173;P＜0.05).CNP in follicular fluid in Group 1 was higher than that in Group 2,but E2 of in follicular fluid in Group 1 was lower than that in Group 2 (t =2.244,-2.650;P＜0.05).(2) In Group 1,CNP and E2 in follicular fluid of normal fertility were lower than that of unnormal fertility,and E2 in follicular fluid of unnormal fertility were higher than that of no-fertility,and there were significant differences(t =-6.117,-2.374,2.760;P＜0.05).(3) In Group 2,only E2 in follicular fluid of unnormal fertility were higher than that of no-fertility,and there was significant difference(t=2.658,P＜0.05).(4) In 2 groups,CNP in follicular fluid of high-quality embryo were lower than that of non-high-quality embryo,and there was significant difference (t =-2.910,-2.029;P＜0.05).CNP in follicular fluid of non-high-quality embryo in Group 1 were higher than that in Group 2,but E2 in follicular fluid of non-high-quality embryo in Group 2 were higher than that in Group 1,and there were significant differences (t =2.141,-2.009;P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion There are differences in the change of CNP in the patients with PCOS and non-PCOS,and there are some deficiencies of the first meiosis in the patients with PCOS.

Hemolysins of Leptospira interragans have been shown to be the virulence factor in the pathogenesis of leptospirosis and 10 potential hemolysin genes were charecterized by genomic annotation of L.interrogans serovar.Lai strain 56601. In the present study, the LA0202 gene supposed to encode one of the new potential hemolysin was cloned and the protein encoded was purified. The purified protein was shown to have highly hemolytic activity as demonstrated on the sheep blood agar plate. It was also confirmed that the LA0202 protein-mediated hemolysis on sheep erythrocytes was osmotically protected by PEG6000. Meanwhile, this protein could induce pore formation on sheep erythrocytes and cause damages on the membrane of human L-02 liver cells. In addition, it could induce apoptosis of human L-02 liver cells after treatment of cells with this protein for 24 hours. It is evident that LA0202 protein acting as a pore-formong hemolysin can induce cytotoxic damage on mammalian cells.

Objective · To isolate phages which can fight against extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli), and provide basic research for establishment of E. coli phage library and treatment of bacterial infection. Methods · Samples collected from sewage were co-cultured with 93 ESBLs-producing E. coli strains. A phage named JDEC001 was isolated by double agar overlay plaque assay. The biological characteristics, complete genome sequence and comparative genome analyses of JDEC001 were studied respectively. Results · JDEC001 belongs to the lytic phage as a member of the Caudovirales order, Podoviridae family. It has high activity at pH from 5 to 11 and with temperature from 0 to 39 ℃ .Whole-genome sequencing of JDEC001 demonstrated double-stranded DNA genome of 38745 bp with GC content of 49.93%, which encoded 46 open reading frames. The comparative genomics also showed that there was no virulent genes or antibiotic resistant genes in its genome. Conclusion · The phage JDEC001 against ESBLs-producing E. coli was isolated and purified, with good stability in a broad range of pH and temperature.

BACKGROUND:Classical drug for Parkinson’s disease is levodopa, but long-term application of levodopa can induce complications such as dyskinesias.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of levodopa on learning and memory capacities of Parkinson’s disease rats and to study its mechanisms.
METHODS:The rat models of Parkinson’s disease were established using 6-hydroxydopamine. The 228 model rats were randomly divided into control group and experimental group. Rats in the experimental group were intraperitoneal y injected with 10, 20 and 30 mg/(kg?d) levodopa for 28 consecutive days. At 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 28 days after intraperitoneal injection, we observed the rats’ learning and memory capacities and tested plasma concentration of homocysteine and folic acid. Acetylcholinesterase activities in the rat hippocampus were measured. Hippocampal neurofibril ary tangles were observed using Bielschowsky staining.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Increased dose of levodopa and prolonged application time obviously decreased learning and memory capacities in rats (P<0.001), increased plasma homocysteine levels, reduced folic acid levels (P<0.001), diminished acetylcholine esterase activities in the rat hippocampus (P<0.001), and increased neurofibril ary tangles in the rat hippocampus (P=0.000). Results suggested that a large dose of levodopa could significantly decrease the learning and memory capacities, and disease acetylcholine esterase activities, and increase neurofibril ary tangles in hippocampus. Its mechanism possibly associated with the increased plasma concentration of homocysteine.