Objective To explore the developmental toxicity of tributyltin chloride and the effects on sex hormone in female offspring rats through maternal gestation exposure. Methods Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, 4 in each group. They were treated with TBTC by gavage at the dose of 0, 1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg bw respectively from days 12-20 of gestation. 10 female offspring rats were randomly selected from each group and killed on postnatal day 70. The liver, kidney, uterus and ovary were weighed and the organ indexes were calculated. Pathological examination for liver, kidney, uterus and ovary were performed. Follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), luteotropic hormone(LH), testosterone(T) and estradiol(E2) in serum was determined by radioimmunity method. Results Increase of body weight in 2.5, 5 mg/kg bw groups significantly decreased(P

0 05); T?RI mRNA expression was increased at the 1st, 3rd and 7th day, while T?RⅡ mRNA expression was increased at 1st and 3rd , and decreased at the 7th day, compared with normal and sham operation group (P

Objective To analyze the effect of salvia tetramethylpyrazine on hemorheology in patients with vertebrobasilar transient ischemia attack (VB-TIA). Methods 84 patients with VB-TIA were divided into observation group and control group, 42 cases in each group. They both received the treatment of Ginkgo-diyidamolum injection. The observation group were treated by salvia tetramethylpyrazine, and the control group were treated by compound Danshen injection. The therapeutic effect of the two groups and the changes of blood rheology were compared. Results The clinical remission rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the time of onset and symptoms of the drug were shorter than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The blood flow velocity of vertebral basilar artery in the two groups were significantly higher than those in the observation group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the hemorheology of the two groups were significantly improved, the high shear viscosity and low shear viscosity, platelet aggregation rate, erythrocyte deformation index, erythrocyte aggregation index and blood haematocrit of observation group improved more obviously (P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the two groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion Salvia tetramethylpyrazine could effectively shorten the drug onset time, improve the blood velocity of vertebrobasilar artery, recover blood rheology and stability on the condition of not increasing the adverse reactions, which has a positive effect on the clinical remission rate.

Objective To establish and observe the canine model with esophageal stent implantation for further study of the benign stenosis caused by proliferation.Methods According to orthogonal design,different combinations of two stents and six polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) patches were confirmed.Stent was designed as cylinder with mushroom shape on both ends.Beagle dogs (weight 10-12 kg) were adopted and cervical segment of esophagus were dissected.After PTFE patch was encircled around the esophagus,stent was delivered under fluoroscopy.The main body of the stent was located in accordance with the patch.Eating condition and position of the stent were followed on week 1,2,4,6 and 8.Gross specimen was harvested at the end point,and the degree of tissue hyperplasia was evaluated.Each animal model was given a mark according to the eating condition and tissue hyperplasia.Results Eight combinations of stent and patch were provided with orthogonal design.Three models failed for the following reasons:unable to eat in one dog,stent disgorged out in another,and the third died from esophageal necrosis between stent and patch.Four models had obvious tissue hyperplasia on the segment of stent,and weight loss or stent dislocation were observed in each model.One model developed appropriate tissue hyperplasia with normal diet,and stent dislocation was not found during the follow-up.Significant difference was confirmed among 8 models (F =14.7000,P =0.031).Conclusion Animal model with appropriate tissue hyperplasia could be established with following elements:beagle dogs weight from 10 kg to 12 kg; stent 50 mm in length,20 mm in diameter,with top mushroom 10 mm in length,30 mm in diameter,and end mushroom 10 mm in length,25 mm in diameter; PTFE patch 60 mm in length,15 mm in width.

Objective To investigate the relationship between disease activity and osteocalcin,β-isomerized C-terminal telopeptides (β-CTX) in SAPHO syndrome.Methods We studied 58 cases who were diagnosed as SAPHO syndrome.The following indices used to assess the activity of SAPHO were measured:Bath ankylosing spondylitis Disease activity index (BASDAI),Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index(BASFI),visual analogue scale (VAS) pain and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),C-reactive protein (CRP),osteocalcin and β-CTX.The SAPHO patients were divided from two groups according to the disease activity.The relationships were analyzed with t-test and Pearson's test.Results The β-CTX of the active group(0.43±0.20) ng/ml was elevated than the stable group (0.23 ±0.09) ng/mL (t=-4.620,P=0.007).And there was no significant difference in the osteocalcin between the active group (2.7±1.0) μg/L and the stable group(2.4±1.0) μg/L (t=-1.169,P=0.820).There was no significant correlation between the serum osteocalcin and ESR or hypersensitive CRP (hs-CRP) (rESR=0.228,PESR=0.088;rhsCRP=-0.085,PhsCRP=0.528).And β-CTX level was related to the VAS (r=0.496,P＜0.01),BASDAI (r=0.401,P=0.002) and BASFI (r=0.295,P=0.025).While no significant relationship between the osteocalcin and pain index was observed in our study.Conclusion The positive correlation between serum β-CTX and disease activity indicates significant bone absorption during the bone destroy process in SAPHO syndrome.

Objective To investigate the sedative effects and the adverse reactions in the elderly patients received different speed of dexmedetomidine (Dex) intravenous infusion. Methods Eighty elderly cases were randomly divided into four groups. Group D0 was the control group, while the group D1, D2 and D3 were the trial groups. The heart rates, blood pressure, SpO2, Ramsay sedation score and Narcotrend value were recorded. Results The sedation onset time of the D2, D3 group was faster than those in the D0 and D1 groups (P <0.05, respectively), and the duration of sedation in groups D2 and D3 were significantly longer than that in the D0 and D1 groups (P < 0.05). Among the four groups, no significant differences in the incidence of hypotension or bradycardia needed vasopressors or atropine to treat and oxygen saturation were shown (P > 0.05). Conclusion Intravenous infusion of Dex by doses of 0.75 ~ 1.0 μg/(kg·h) during hip surgery in the elderly patients under spinal anesthesia could lead to a safe and effective sedation.

Objective The aim of this study is investigate the relationship between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and cerebral stroke.Methods 131 patients with cerebral stroke were recruited. The control group includes 50 age-match health cases.The I/D polymorphism of ACE gene was analyzed with PCR amplification.To avoid the mistyping, we used an insertion-specific prime.Results DD genotype shows clear differences among control, infarction and hemorrhage groups(?~2=13.87,P=0.008)。 The frequencies of DD genotype in the patients with cerebral stroke was higher than normal controls(?~2=9.21,P=0.002;?~2=8.76, P=0.003). The D allele also exhibits among control, infarction and hemorrhage groups(?~2=14.23,P=0.005)。 The frequencies of D allele in the patients with cerebral stroke was higher than normal controls(?~ 2 = 11.17,P=0.001;?~2 = 10.87,P= 0.001).Conclusions There was a positive association between the D allele of the ACE polymorphism and cerebral stroke.

Objective To explore the feasibility and value of treating esophageal thoracic fistula with covered esophageal stent through nasal esophagus drainage tube. Methods Seven patients with esophageal thoracic cavity fistula were enrolled and treated by 5F pigtail side-holes catheter inserting into thoracic cavity for drainage and then again through nasal esophagus and fistula, placing a covered stent in the esophagus to occlude the orifice of the fistula. The abscess cavities were washed and radiographied periodically through drainage tubes. Results The insertion of the drainage tube and the placement of covered stent were all successful. The drainage tubes were placed in abscess cavities for 12-22 days, average 15 days. The radiography through drainage tubes showed that the abscess cavities disappeared or shrank obviously with control of hydropneumothorax before the drainage tubes being pulled out. The esophagogram after withdrawal of the drainage tubes notified that the fistulae were occluded satisfactorily with stents expanded fully without displacement and stenosis. Conclusions Treating esophageal thoracic cavity fistula with covered esophageal stent through nasal esophagus drainage tube is feasible and safe with clinical efficiency.

Objective To investigate the best time of mini-traumatic operation to treat hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage in internal capsule. Methods Sixty-four patients were divided into treatment group and control group according to operative time. Patients who were treated with mini-traumatic operation within 6 hours were as treatment group, those treated with mini-traumatic operation beyond 6 hours were as control group. Results Twelve of 40 patients in treatment group were cured, 16 became better, 5 had no effect, 7 were dead, and the effective rate was 70.00%. Five of 24 patients in control group were cured, 6 became better, 5 had no effect, 8 were dead, and the effective rate was 45.83%. Conclusion The effect of mini-traumatic operation to treat hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage in internal capsule within 6 hours is clearly better than that beyond 6 hours.

Objective To investigate the protective effect and potential mechanisms of hypertonic sodium chloride hydroxyethyl starch solution (HSH) against the cerebral vasospasm (CVS) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).Methods Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to four groups according to the random number table,with 6 rats in each group.The SAH-CVS model was reproduced by injection of the blood twice through the cisterna magna.Rats in both model and HSH treatment groups received 8 mL/kg normal saline (NS) or HSH treatment everyday via caudal vein.Rats in sham group were injected with 1.5 mL/kg NS into cisterna magna followed by 8 mL/kg NS treatment.Rats in normal group received no treatment.Rats were sacrificed to harvest basilar artery after 7 days.The thickness of vessel wall and lumen area were measured using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.The rate of apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) was assessed using flow cytometry.Caspase-3 activity was measured by a fluorometric assay.The expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 were determined by Western Blot.Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by H2DCFDA.Results Compared with normal group,increased thickness of vessel wall (μm:27.72 ± 1.94 vs.18.30 ± 1.10,P＜0.05),decreased lumen area (μm2:26 115 ± 1 991 vs.55 080 ± 2 091,P＜0.05),and elevation of rate of apoptosis of VSMCs [(35.05 ± 5.54) ％ vs.(5.93 ± 1.53) ％,P＜ 0.05] were found in model group.Compared with model group,decreased thickness of vessel wall (μm:22.55 ± 1.50 vs.27.72 ± 1.94,P＜0.05),increase of lumen area (μm2:48 115 ±2 460 vs.26 115 ± 1 991,P＜0.05),and depressed rate of apoptosis of VSMCs [(16.54 ± 5.94) ％ vs.(35.05 ± 5.54) ％,P＜ 0.05] were found in HSH treatment group.Caspase-3 activity,intracellular ROS level,Bax and Bcl-2 expressions in model group were (188.40 ± 19.35)％,(163.50 ± 17.02)％,(208.71 ± 26.04)％ and (44.52 ± 9.61) ％ of those of normal group,and the differences of these parameters between model and normal groups were statistically significant (all P＜0.05).Caspase-3 activity,intracellular ROS level,Bax and Bcl-2 expressions in HSH treatment group were (135.05 ± 19.52)％,(119.44 ± 11.50)％,(139.20 ± 18.04)％ and (85.35 ± 13.12)％ of those of normal group,respectively,and the differences of these parameters between HSH treatment and model groups were statistically significant (all P＜0.05).The differences of all measurements between sham and normal groups were not statistically significant.Conclusion The current results demonstrate that HSH attenuates the SAH-induced CVS,alleviates thickness of vessel wall,and increases lumen area via inhibition of VSMCs apoptosis.