Circadian clock governs 24-hour rhythms in body temperature, blood pressure, circulating hormones, metabolism, and oth-er physiological parameters in humans and most mammals. The circadian clock is regulated by circadian clock genes. For instance, peri-od (PER) is a core circadian clock gene. Human PER includes PER1, PER2, and PER3, which play a role in cancer suppression. Abnormal PER expression not only causes cancer but also changes cellular sensitivity to radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs. Thus, this theory has provided a new direction for cancer radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This paper presents the research progress on PER in tumors.

Objective The aim of the study was to observe the survival and differentiation of embryonic neuroepithelial cells in lateral ventricle of rats after transplantation. Methods Embryonic rats(E12d) were obtained from the pregnant Sprague\|Dawley rats;neuroepithelial cells were dissociated from embryonic neural tube and treated with 0\^25% trypsin,then transplanted into the lateral ventricle of father rat.The hosts were anesthetized and transcardially perfused with PBS followed by 4% paraformaldehyde fixative by 10?d,14?d,21?d and 28?d transplantation respectively.Coronal sections of the brain were cut with in cryostat microtome.Using the techniques of histology staining,Nissl staining and immunocytochemistry, survival of neuroepithelial cells transplant and neuro\|specific enolase (NSE) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression of some stem cells were examined. Results Some grafts were found survival which attached to the ventricle by day 10.Some grafts could migrate into the third ventricle and grew into a mass of cells.Some stem cells were able to differentiate into pyramidal cells.By immunocytochemistry,a mass of NSE\|positive cells and GFAP\|positive cells could be detected in the core of graft region.Around intracerebral grafts,some astrocytes showed immunoreactive for glial fibrillary acidic protein.Conclusion\ These findings demonstrate that embryonic stem cells dissociated from neural tube can survive and differentiate into neurons and astrocytes.

Objective To observe cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the pregnant mouse dentate gyrus (DG) and the subventricular zone(SVZ). Methods Injection of the thymidine analog 5 bromo 2 deoxyuridine (BrdU)to determine the extent of cell proliferation combined with single or double immunohistochemistry staining with antibodies BrdU,TuJ1(class Ⅲ ? tubulin,neuron specific early differentiation marker)and GFAP. Results The number of BrdU positive cells in the pregnant mouse dentate gyrus was significantly more than that of unpregnant mouse dendate gyrus but not in the subventricular zone.In dentate gyrus,approximately 80% of these cells were neuronal characteristics (TuJ1 immunoreactive)and 3%～5% of these cells were astrocytic characteristics(GFAP immunoreactive).Conclusion\ These findings suggest that pregnancy significantly increases cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus and present the possibility that these new cells exert an important influence on hippocampal function

Objective To isolate neuroepithelial stem cells from the spinal cord neural tube of the embryonic rat and induce them to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons. Methods Serum free cells suspension culture and single cell cloning technique were used to isolate neuroepithelial stem cells. 5 bromo 2 deoxyuridine(BrdU) to label new cells combined with single or double immunocytochemistry staining to detect nestin antigen before differentiation and neural cell specific antigens after differentiation, such as neurofilament (NFM 160?kD), glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP), galactocerebroside(GalC) and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH). Striatal extracts were used to induce neuroepithelial stem cells to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons. Results The cells isolated from the spinal cord neural tube of the embryonic rat expressed nestin antigen. They had the potential to serially passage and differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Striatal extracts could induce 12% of them to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons compared with 3% in controls.Conclusion The cells, which express nestin antigen, isolated from neural tube are multipotent and have the ability to self renew, therefore, they are neural stem cells. These stem cells can be induced to differentiate into specific neurons in vitro. Which can provide materials for neural transplantation.

ObjectiveTo evaluate effect of periarticular osteotomy in the treatment of asymmetrical ankle arthritis.MethodsSixty-five patients with asymmetrical ankle arthritis were treated with periarticular osteotomy between February 2005 and May 2011,including 43 females and 22 males,aged from 35 to 74 years (mean,55.5 years).According to the Takakura classification of ankle arthritis,there were 29 patients in grade 2,32 in grade 3 and 4 in grade 4.Supramalleolar tibial osteotomy were performed in 20 patients,supramalleolar tibial and fibular osteotomy in 12,supramalleolar osteotomy combined with calcaneal osteotomy in 30 patients,and supramalleolar tibial and fibular osteotomy combined with calcaneal osteotomy in 3patients.Forty three patients underwent ligament reconstruction procedures.Based on radiographs,the tibial anterior surface angle (TAS) and tibial lateral surface angle (TLS) were compared before and after operation.AOFAS-AH score was used to evaluate the function of the ankle.ResultsFifty-nine patients were followed up for an average of 35.7 months (range,7 to 94 months).Bone healing was observed in all patients,and the average healing time was 7 to 8 weeks.The average AOFAS-AH score was improved from 49.7 points preoperatively to 78.6 points 12 months postoperatively.Tbe average TAS and TLS was improved from 86.1° and 70.0° preoperatively to 93.9° and 81.5° 6 months postoperatively,respectively.Delayed wound healing occurred in 5 patients,which was resovled after nursing care.Forty-two patients felt excellent about results,15 felt good and 2 fell fair.ConclusionPerarticular osteotomy is a sound method in the treatment of asymmetrical ankle arthritis,based on chosing proper patients.The procedure can decrease the contact pressures on the degenerated cartilage and prolong the life span of the ankle.

AIM: To explore the role of P2X7 receptor in inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 cell activation by minocycline .METHODS:BV-2 cells were divided into 5 groups:control group, LPS group, LPS+0.1 μmol/L Mino group, LPS+1 μmol/L Mino group and LPS+10 μmol/L Mino group.The expression of P2X7 re-ceptor was determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting .The levels of TNF-αand IL-1βin the microglia culture su-pernatants were measured by ELISA .The morphological changes of the cells were also observed .RESULTS: After ex-posed to LPS, the expression of P2X7 receptor increased in BV-2 cells at mRNA and protein levels .The concentrations of TNF-αand IL-1βin the microglia culture supernatants also increased .Meanwhile, 0.1~10μmol/L minocycline inhibited those changes in a dose-dependent manner .CONCLUSION:Minocycline inhibits the activation of microglia .The mecha-nism may be related to the P2X7 receptor.

Objective Embryonic neuroepithelial cells (NEC) were transplanted into the brains of Parkinson disease rats, the survival and differentiation of NEC were investigated. Methods Embryonic rats (E11) were obtained from the pregnant Wistar rats. Neuroepithelial cells were dissociated from embryonic neural tube and treated with 0^25% trypsin, then transplanted them into the striatum of Parkinson disease (PD) rats stereotaxicly. Coronal sections of the brain were made in cryostat. The survival of transplant neuroepithelial cells and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression of some NEP were examined by immunocytochemical technique, also the rotation behavior was tested following different time of transplantation. Results Some grafts were found survived well and some TH-positive cells could be detected in the core of graft region. NEP transplantation could also partly improve the symptoms of PD rats.Conclusion The results demonstrate that embryonic stem cells dissociated from neural tube can survive and differentiate into dopaminergic neurons. NECs contribute to the behavioral recovery.

Objective To evaluate the curative effect and related factors of the treatment for the osteochondral lesion of talus (OLT) by the osteochondral autografts harvested from medial femoral condyle of the ipsilateral knee.Methods The data of 15 OLT patients was retrospectively analyzed who received the operation during July 2009 to November 2012.There were 8 males,and 7 females,with an average age of 49.6±17.2 years (range,19-73 years).International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Lysholm score were used to evaluate the knee function preoperatively and postoperatively respectively.The ankle functions and pain were assessed according to American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle and hind-foot score and visual analogue scale (VAS) preoperatively and postoperatively respectively.Correlations between age or follow-up duration and all the score increments were further analyzed by Spearman rank correlation test.Results Twelve patients complete the follow up,with an average duration of 21.8±10.4 months.The average IKDC,Lysholm,AOFAS,and VAS were 90.91±6.44,95.33±8.00,63.58±18.50,and 7.25±1.54 respectively before operation,and 85.63±11.89,90.75±11.83,90.33±4.98,2.17±1.19 respectively after operation.Correlation coefficients of age between AOFAS,Lysholm,and IKDC score increments were -0.74,-0.63,and-0.76,respectively.There were 4 cases which received excellent effect (33％),5 cases (42％) good and 3 (25％) fair.Conclusion The ankle joint function of patients with OLT recovered well by treated with osteochondral autografts harvested from medial femoral condyle of the ipsilateral knee operation.A correlation was found between patients' age and postoperative functional recovery of ankle and knee joint.

Objective To evaluate the influence of simple subtalar arthrodesis to the motion and degeneration of midfoot.Methods Data of 37 patients (27 males,10 females) with an average age of 42.6 years who had undergone subtalar joint fusion from January 1996 to August 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.The MOS item short form health survey (SF-36),American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) midfoot score were used.Midfoot sagittal and coronal motion were measured on ankle radiographs of maximum plantar flexion and dorsiflexion.On sagittal plane,the Meary angle was measured and the bilateral tarsometatarsal joints mobility was compared.On coronal plane,tibio-plantar angles (TPA) on 30 degrees varus slope and 30 degrees valgus slope were respectively measured on the anterio-posterior ankle X-ray films to observe the changes of midfoot activities.Besides,single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) of bilateral foot and ankle was taken to estimate the degeneration of midfoot joint.Results All the 37 patients were followed-up,with mean follow-up period of 9.2 years.The average SF-36 scores was increased from 34.26± 11.02 points preoperatively to 77.59± 12.57 points postoperatively.The average AOFAS midfoot scores were 86.14± 16.79 points preoperatively and 86.43± 16.70 points postoperatively without any statistical significant difference.On sagittal plane,medial tarsometatarsal joints mobility was limited by 20％.According to coronal plane of varus slope,the average TPA of healthy side and operated side were 61.32° and 64.91°,respectively,so the varus mobility of operated side was limited by 12.5％.While standing on the valgus slope,the average TPA of both sides were 76.54° and 82.28°,which indicated that valgus mobility of operated side was reduced by 42.6％.35.1％ patients of talonavicular joint,56.8％ patients of calcaneocuboid joint,and 27.0％ patients of metatarsal cuboid joint were found mild joint degeneration on SPECT/CT images without any clinical symptoms.Conclusion Subtalar arthrodesis can affect midfoot with less limit of sagittal mobility and more limit of coronal movement.And the lateral joints degeneration is more likely to happen for their compensatory activity.

Objective To investigate the correlation of quantitative parameters (volume transfer constant [Ktrans],rate constant [Kep]) derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and biomarkers of estrogen receptor (ER),progesterone receptor (PR),human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2),Ki-67 in breast carcinoma patients.Methods Data of immunohistochemistry and pharmacokinetic parameters of 100 patients with breast carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed.The values of Ktrans,Kep among the different intensity of ER,PR,HER-2 and Ki-67 expression were compared,and the relationships were analyzed.Results No significant difference of Ktrans,Kep was found among differentintensity of ER in breast carcinoma patients (P＞0.05),whereas no obvious correlation of Ktrans,Kep with ER expression was noticed (P＞0.05).Ktrans,Kep had statistical differences among different intensity of PR,HER-2,Ki-67 expression in breast carcinoma patients (P＜0.05),and the values of Ktrans,Kep were positively correlated with PR,Ki-67 expression (P＜0.05).Conclusion The values of Ktrans,Kep were positively correlated with the intensity of PR,Ki-67 expression in breast carcinoma patients,which might provide helpful tissue characterization information.