Since Yamanaka successfully reprogrammed murine fibroblasts into iPSCs in 2006, iPSCs technology has drawn much attention worldwide. Although iPSCs provides tremendous possibilities for both basic research and regenerative medicine, it has meanwhile potential risks, e.g. tumorigenicity. Scientists, therefore, have made efforts in clarifying the mechanism of the cause for iPSCs tumorigenicity and the way how to reduce the risk. The results of some researches reveal some of tumorigenic factors, e.g. the partial similarity of gene expression profiles between cancer cells and iPSCs, the accumulation of the genetic damages in the course of reprogramming process, and mutation in the cellular culture. As a consequence, numerous methods for reducing iPSCs tumorigenicity have been explored, such as minimized use of the reprogramming factors at the controlled manner, and the selection of the expression vector or parental cells. In this paper, the cause of iPSCs tumorigenicity and the current achievements on preventing iPSCs tumorigenesis are reviewed.
Animals ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cellular Reprogramming ; Fibroblasts ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ; cytology ; Mice ; Mutation ; Transcriptome

Objective Analysis of clinical distribution and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents in producing extended spectrumβ-lactamases (ESBLs)of Escherichia coli(ECO)and Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPN).Methods The samples from 2013 April to 2014 December in Changji Prefecture People′s Hospital were cultured and identified,drug sensitivity test did by VITEK2compat au-tomatic bacteria analysis,phenotypic confirmatory test was did on producing ESBLs ECO and KPN,and the clinical distribution and drug resistance was analyzed.Results 1 576 strains of ECO and KPN isolated 306 strains of producing ESBLs strains and 343 strains of multi drug resistant bacteria,the isolation rates were 1 9.4% and 21.8% respectively.In 576 strains of ECO,there were 1 77 strains of producing ESBLs strains and 202 strains of multi drug resistant bacteria were isolated,the separation rates were 30.7% and 35.1% respectively,generic drug resistant strains were not found,and those producing ESBLs strains were isolated mainly from the urine specimens (39.5%),and mainly from the ICU (37.3%)and (29.9%)the surgical ward.There were 129 strains of producing ESBLs strains,141 strains of multi drug resistant bacteria and 4 generic drug resistant strains were isolated from 1 000 strains of KPN,the separation rates were 12.9%,14.1% and 0.4% respectively,and those producing ESBLs strains were isolated mainly from sputum specimens (83.7%),and mainly from the ICU (42.6%)and(29.5%)in the department of inter-nal medicine.Isolation of producing ESBLs ECO and multi drug resistant bacteria were higher than KPN,the difference were statis-tically significant (P <0.05).The sensitivities of ECO and KPN ESBLs strains to carbapenems imipenem andaminoglycosides ami-kacin and compound preparation piperacillin/tazobactam were good,the other antimicrobial drug resistance rates were more than 50.0%.Conclusion ESBLs ECO mainly causes urinary tract infections,KPN mainly causes respiratory tract infection.Detection rates of producing ESBLs ECO and KPN were high,and the multi drug resistance is serious,should strengthen the monitoring of drug resistance on producing ESBLs strains,and according to the results of drug susceptibility,standardize the rational use of anti-microbial agents,and to strengthen the management of antimicrobial agents,delay the occurrence of bacterial resistance.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics,relationship between treatment and prognosis of sarcoidosis and relationship of relapse to prednisone.Methods The clinical data of 165 patients with sarcoidosis were collected.The clinical characteristics,treatment process and prognosis,relationship of relapse with prednisone maintenance dose and course of treatment were retrospective analyzed.Results Among them,the most common involved systems were lung and lymph nodes.The involvement rates of lung,extra-thorax lymph nodes,cutaneous,ocular,salivary glands,liver & spleen,kidney and nervous system was 87.3％,51.5％,6.7％,6.1％,6.1％,4.2％,1.2％ and 1.2％ respectively.Unilateral tonsil,breast,ovary and bone involvement was seen in only 1 patient respectively with an involvement rate of 0.6％.A retrospective analysis was made for 114 cases with complete follow-up data.The mean follow-up period was (11.7 ± 5.7) (5-32) years.And 46 cases had no symptom on routine medical examinations.The most common consulted departments were respiratory,dermatological and general surgery departments.Among 74 patients on prednisone,48 patients (64.9％) were cured while 13 patients (17.6％) relapsed.Whereas in the observation group,25/38 patients (65.8％) remitted spontaneously and only 1 patient (2.6％) had recurrence.Relapse occurred more often in prednisone therapy group than in observation group (P ＜ 0.05).Longer prednisone 10-15 mg daily maintenance and a longer total course of treatment were associated with fewer recurrence(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The clinical manifestations of sarcoidosis vary and many patients have a self-limiting course.The most common involved systems are lung and lymph nodes.Stage Ⅰ / Ⅱ disease should be observed before prednisone therapy.Prednisone 10-15 mg daily for at least 6 months and a total course of treatment over 18 months may prevent relapse.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and psychological status of three kinds of drug therapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Methods 90 patients with generalized anxiety disorder in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2016 were selected,and according to the different treatment methods divided into the observation group A, observation group B and observation group C,45 cases in each groups. The observation group A with venlafaxine treatment, observation group B with tandospirone treatment, observation group C treated with Laura Si; comprehensive observation of 3 groups of patients with clinical treatment, improve psychological status and the incidence of adverse reactions, drug compliance, strict record the relevant data and comparative analysis. Results 3 groups of patients with clinical curative effect, no significant difference ; observation group A patients psychological status were better than those observed in B and C group. The incidence of adverse reaction was lower than observed in B and C group, medication compliance was higher than B, C group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The patients with generalized anxiety disorder can choose Vin Rafa Sin, tandospirone, Laura Si treatment, but Vin Rafa Sin on the psychological status of patients with improvement is more significant, less adverse reactions, medication compliance of patients, is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To analyze the correlations of vascular structure, hemodynamic changes and surgical recanalization of carotid endarterectomy ( CEA) for the treatment of subtotal or complete occlusion of carotid artery. Methods A total of 107 patients with carotid artery occlusive disease diagnosed at Beijing Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University received CEA therapy from January 2005 to January 2014 and were enrolled retrospectively. According to the findings of introperative ultrasound,they were divided into either a recanalization group (n=86) or a non-recanalization group (n=21). Preoperative and intraoperative carotid artery diameter and blood flow velocity were compared and analyzed with carotid ultrasonography. Intraoperative detected vascular abnormalities, residual vascular stenosis rate, blood flow velocity and pulsatility index of the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery ( MCA) were documented. Results (1) The peak systolic velocity (PSV) (82 ± 32 cm/s and 60 ± 17 cm/s),mean velocity (MV) (50 ± 19 cm/s and 42 ±13cm/s),and pulsatility index (PI) (0. 97 ± 0. 25 and 0. 67 ± 0. 14) on the ipsilateral MCA in patients of carotid artery recanalization before and after procedure were significantly higher than those during the procedure. There were significant differences (all P=0. 000). In patients failed to recanalize,the intraoperative and preoperative PSV,EDV,and MV of MCA were 46 ± 20 cm/s and. 63 ± 21 cm/s,24 ± 13 cm/s and 34 ± 12 cm/s, and 32 ± 16 cm/s and 44 ± 15 cm/s,respectively. They were reduced more significantly during the procedure than those after procedure. There were significant differences ( all P=0. 000 ) . But there was no significant difference in PI (0. 70 ± 0. 18 and 0. 67 ± 0. 15) compared with that before procedure (P=0. 317). (2) The diseased vascular diameter of the recanalization group was significantly widened (0. 6 ± 0. 4 mm vs. 3. 4 ± 0. 9 mm,P=0. 000) compared with before procedure. The overall recanalization rate was 80. 4% (86/107). Intraoperative ultrasound revealed that 13 patients had mild abnormal vascular structures among the recanalized patients. The non-recanalized patients had significantly abnormal vascular structure. Conclusion Intraoperative carotid ultrasound in combination with transcranial Doppler (TCD) for monitoring cerebral blood flow may effectively identify the carotid structure and the degree of cerebral hemodynamic improvement,and timely guide the secondary repair.

Objective To survey the epidemiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among elderly people in two districts of Jiangsu province, China. Methods A total of 1404 residents aged 60 years or older in Huaian and Suzhou city in Jiangsu province were randomly recruited from the community population. All the people were screened for albuminuria (increased morning spot urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, UACR) and reduced renal function (decreased eGFR by simplified MDRD equation). Urinary creatinine and albumin, serum creatinine, uric acid, cholesterol,triglyceride, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting blood (1.73 m2) -1] and/or albuminuria (UACR ≥30 mg/g). The associations between healthy characteristics and indicators of kidney damage were examined. Results A total of 1316 (93.7%) elderly people completed the study. The prevalence of CKD was 32.3% and the awareness rate was only 9.6%. Albuminuria and reduced renal function were found in 30.2% and 3.2% of subjects respectively. The Logistic regression model showed that age, gender, hypertension,hypercholesterinemia and hyperuricaemia were independently associated with CKD. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 140-159 mm Hg exhibited a lower adjusted OR value (0.675) for CKD, while SBP of 160-179 mm Hg and of at least 180 mm Hg exhibited higher adjusted OR values (1.330 and 1.146). Similarly, FBG of 5.6-6.9 mmol/L exhibited a lower adjusted OR value for CKD as compared to FBG of at least 7.0 mmol/L (0.628 vs 1.941). Conclusions The prevalence of CKD in elderly people of Jiangsu province is quite high. Age, gender, hypertension,hypercholesterinemia and hyperuricaemia are independent risk factors for the development of CKD.

Objective To discuss the flail chest in the rib the fixed surgery opportunity,in fixed spot. Meth-ads Clinical data of 26 flail cheat patients in my courtyard were retrospectively analyzed. Results 26 patients were cured completely,nobody died,no obvious cheat abnormity was observed. Condusion Regarding the flail cheat pa-tient, at the right moment to adopt the fixed surgery in the rib, restore the integrity of the thoracic wall, may reduce the mortality rate, the chest shape normal, the quality of life obtains the enhancement.

There are actually no sufficient data for lifting technique assessment. A laboratory study was undertaken to determine the effect of 3 regular lifting techniques on erector muscle activation, cardiovascular strain and subjective response. Thirty student volunteers participated in the study, and were required to lift a weight with different techniques. Stoop-, squat-, semi-squat-lifting resulted in 3, 2 and 1 time of the highest percentage of the maximum voluntary electrical activation (MVE%) respectively. In the same order, the lowest median frequency (MF) existed 1, 1 and 2 times. Muscle fatigue was 4 times in squat, 36 in semi-squat and 43 in stoop lifting. Heart rate was the highest in squat and lowest in stoop respectively, with a middle level in semi-squat lifting. It may be recommended to adopt mainly the semi-squat technique for daily lifting works. For heavy lifting, it should use the squat technique. Stoop lifting may also be used alternatively but for light things.

The roles of voltage-dependent K(+) channels during activation and damage in alveolar macrophages (AMs) exposed to different silica particles were examined. Rat AMs were collected by means of bronchoalveolar lavage, and were adjusted to 5x10(5)/mL. After AMs were exposed to different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 mug/mL) of quartz particles and 100 mug/mL amorphous silica particles for 24 h, the voltage-depended K(+) current in AMs was measured by using patch clamp technique. Meanwhile the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the viability of AMs were detected respectively. Patch clamp studies demonstrated that AMs possessed outward delayed and inward rectifying K(+) current. Exposure to quartz particles increased the outward delayed K(+) current but it had no effect on inward rectifier K(+) current in AMs. Neither of the two K(+) channels in AMs was affected by amorphous silica particles. Cytotoxicity test showed that both silica particles could damage AM membrane and result in significant leakage of LDH (P<0.05). MTT studies, however, showed that only quartz particles reduced viability of AMs (P<0.05). It is concluded that quartz particles can activate the outward delayed K(+) channel in AMs, which may act as an activating signal in AMs to initiate an inflammatory response during damage and necrosis in AMs induced by exposure to quartz particle. K(+) channels do not contribute to the membrane damage of AMs.

Objective:To retrospectively assess the relationship between immune disorder and acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) in patients after severe polytrauma.Methods:Totally 205 patients with severe polytrauma admitted to Tongji Hospital from April 2018 to October 2019 were enrolled as the observation group, and 23 healthy volunteers were served as the control group. According to the diagnostic criteria of AGI, all patients were divided into the AGI group (with AGI) or N-AGI group (without AGI), AGI patients were divided into the S-AGI group or L-AGI group according to the severity. The levels of cytokines and lymphocyte subset were evaluated at day 1, 7, and 14 after severe polytrauma. The differences between groups were statistically analyzed. The independent risk factors of AGI were analyzed by Logistic regression analyzed.Results:Totally 79.5% (163/205) of patients with severe polytrauma were accompanied by AGI. There were significant differences in the ratio of Tc, Th at day 1 after trauma, the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-10, the ratio of Ts, Th/Ts, Treg at day 7 after trauma, and the levels of IL-8, IL-10,the ratio of Ts, Th/Ts, Treg at day 14 after trauma between the AGI group and N-AGI group ( P<0.05). There were significant differences in the ratio of Tc, Th, the levels of IL-6, TNF-α at day 1 after trauma and the ratio of Ts, Th/Ts, Treg, the levels of IL-8, IL-10 at day 7 and 14 after trauma between the S-AGI group and L-AGI group ( P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that Ts 7 d ( OR=2.018, 95% CI: 1.105-5.364, P=0.013), Treg 14 d ( OR=3.612, 95% CI: 1.375-8.476, P=0.006), IL-6 7 d ( OR=1.824, 95% CI: 1.011-5.835, P=0.024), IL-10 14 d ( OR=2.847, 95% CI: 1.241-6.216, P=0.014), TNF-α 7 d ( OR=1.754, 95% CI: 1.215-5.441, P=0.018) were independent risk factors in patients with AGI after severe polytrauma. Conclusions:AGI is more easily occurred in patients with the heavier immune disorders after severe polytrauma. AGI can also aggravate pre-existing immune disorders in patients after severe polytrauma.