Objective To synthetically evaluate medical treatment outcomes of two operative methods on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH),and to provide evidence for therapeutic regimen selection.Methods Prospective cohort study was applied.BPH patients were treated by two operative methods randomly,follow-up observations were carried out at 3 months,6 months,and 48 months after the treatment.IPSS and BPHQLS were adopted to evaluate prostate and quality of life of patients at different time.The weight coefficients of IPSS score,quality of life score and general hospitalization expense in the comprehensive evaluation were defined by the Delphi Method.Results The synthetic score of both groups showed ascending trend,comprehend evaluation of scores got after treatment for 3 months (OP group was 7.6±0.7,TURP group was 7.4±0.8),6 months(OP group was 6.9 ± 0.9,TURP group was 6.9 ± 1.1) showed no significant differences between two groups(P＞0.05),curative effect of OP group was better than TURP group at 48 moths(OP group was 8.3±0.9 score,TURP group was 7.6± 0.8 score) (P＜0.05).Conclusions The curative effect of OP group was better than TURP group at 48 months.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for elderly patients with periampullary diverticula accompanied with choledocholithiasis.Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinical data of 297 elderly patients with age ＞70 years and periampullary diverticula accompanied with choledocholithiasis who were admitted to the Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University between January 2013 and January 2016 were collected.All the patients received lithotomy by ERCP after completion of preoperative preparation,and then underwent symptomatic treatment.Observation indicators included:(1) treatment results:cannulation time,success rate of cannulation and success rate of stones removed;(2) surgical complications:hemorrhage,perforation and pancreatitis;(3) follow-up results.All patients were followed up by outpatient examination and telephone interview up to December 2016.Follow-up included postoperative delayed perforation,patients' survival,further attack of acute cholangitis and reoperation for removing stones.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as x ± s,and measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range).Results (1) Treatment results:all the 297 patients underwent successful lithotomy by ERCP,with a cannulation time of (5±4)minutes and a success rate of cannulation of 100.00％ (297/297).Of 297 patients,292 had one-off success of stones removed,with a one-off success rate of 98.32％ (292/297),and 5 received partial stones removed due to choledocholithiasis combined with acute cholangitis.(2) Surgical complications:4 patients were complicated with immediate hemorrhage during intraoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST).Bleeding of 1 patient was cauterized by biopsy forceps,and 3 patients had simplex JHY-BAL compression hemostasis.Two patients with postoperative delayed hemorrhage had successful hemostasis by biopsy forceps with metal hemostatic clip under endoscope after emergency duodenoscopy.One patient with intraoperative perforation was cured by conservative treatment.Two patients with severe acute pancreatitis underwent continuous gastrointestinal decompression combined with maintenance therapy of somatostatin,and then received endoscopic ultrasound-guided puncture and drainage for pseudocyst around the pancreas,with a stable symptoms of pancreatitis after 4 weeks.(3) Follow-up results:all the 297 patients were followed up for 6-12 months,with a median time of 8 months.During follow-up,292 patients had healthy survival,without recurrences of cholangitis and bile duct stone,and no delayed perforation and death were detected.Five patients underwent the second time lithotomy by ERCP after 2-3 months postoperatively.Conclusion Lithotomy by ERCP is safe and effective in the treatment of elderly patients with periampullary diverticula accompanied with choledocholithiasis.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of nylon ligation combined with endoscopic high-frequency electric snare for the treatment of colorectal polyps.MethodsThe clinical data of 345 patients with colorectal polyps who received the treatment of nylon ligation combined with endoscopic high-frequency electric snare at the Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University from January 2006 to January 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.Complications including bleeding and perforation were observed.Postoperative wound healing and local residual recurrence were assessed during follow-up.ResultsA total of 362 colorectal polyps were successfully removed.The mean diameter of the colorectal polyps was 2.7 cm (range,1.5-4.0 cm). Operative bleeding occurred in 1 patient,and perforation in 1 patient.The results of histological examination showed that 93.6％(339/362) colorectal polyps were adenoma,17 were hyperplastic polyps,5 were inflammatory polyps,and caneeration of colorectal polyps in 1 patient was detected.Endoscopic follow-up was completed in 334 patients at the first month after operation,and 9 patients with residual benign colorectal polyps received endoscopic resection.No residue or recurrence was found in the other patients.Endoscopic follow-up was completed in 308 patients at the second months after operation,and no residue or recurrence was found.The overall effective rate was 97.1％ (299/308).ConclusionEndoscopic nylon ligation combined with endoscopic high-frequency electric snare is effective and safe for the treatment of colorectal polyps.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of metallic hemoclips in the treatment of gastric defects during endoscopic full-thickness resection. Methods Patients with submucosal tumors derived from the muscularis propria and adhesion of the gastric serosa diagnosed by EUS and CT were enrolled in the study.A total of 62 patients,22 males and 40 females,mean age 58.5 years,were recruited into the present study from June 2009 to December 2010,in which 37 patients were with tumors in gastric fundus,20 in gastric body and 5 in antrum.All patients were treated with endoscopic full-thickness resection.After the operation,metallic hemoclips were used to close the defects through endoscopic biopsy channel.The closure success rate with metallic hemoclips were assessed.The patients were followed up endoscopically for evaluation of efficacy and safety of the procedures.Results All patients underwent endoscopic full-thickness resection.Uncontrollable bleeding occurred in 1 patient,who subsequently underwent emergent laparoscopic surgery and was excluded from the study.Metallic hemoclips were applied to close defects in 57 patients,and metallic hemoclips combined with omentum obstruction in 4 patients.The overall success rate was 100％ in 61 patients.Endoscopic follow-up was completed in all patients in average of 4.4 months.The clinical wound healing rate was 100％.No complications such as fever,abdominal pain were found in 2months after the procedures.Conclusion Application of metallic hemoclips during endoscopic full-thickness resection for gastric defects is a safe and effective technique.

Objective To investigate the cachexia morbidity among hospitalized patients with digestive system cancer and evaluate its impact on clinical outcomes.Method By analyzing the clinical data of 5 118 hospitalized patients with digestive system cancer in Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University from January 2012 to December 2013,we investigated the cachexia morbidity and compared the clinical outcome between cachectic patients and noncachectic patients.Results The overall cachexia morbidity of hospitalized patients with digestive system cancer was 15.7％ (803/5 118).The highest cachexia morbidity was 34.0％ (89/173),found in patients with pancreatic cancer.In cachectic group and non-cachectic group,the overall completion rate of radical resection was 67.1％ (539/803) and 74.5％ (3 214/4 315),respectively (P =0.000).Compared to the non-cachectic group,the cachetic group had significantly longer postoperative hospital days [(11.5 ±6.2) d vs (9.4 ±4.9) d,P =0.003],slower postoperative recovery of bowel function [(3.4 ±0.9) d vs (3.2 ±0.8) d,P =0.013],longer postoperative time to intake semifluid [(4.4 ± 1.5) d vs (3.9 ± 1.3) d,P =0.002],and more postoperative complications in 28 days after surgery [8.9％ (48/539) vs 5.8％ (186/3 214),P=0.006].After surgery,131 patients in the cachectic group were transferred to the ICU,and 646 patients in non-cachectic group transferred to the ICU (24.3％ vs 20.0％,P=0.026).Compared to the non-cachecic group,the reoperation rate [3.2％ (17/539) vs 1.5％ (48/3214)],ventilator support rate [8.0％ (43/539) vs 5.7％ (184/3 214)],and mortality [2.4％ (13/539) vs 1.1％ (35/3 214)] of the cachectic group were all significantly higher (P =0.006,0.042,0.011).Conclusions Cachexia is common in hospitalized patients with digestive system cancer,especially in patients with pancreatic cancer.Cachexia has negative impact on the clinical outcomes.

Objective To evaluate the demands of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and its influencing factors. Methods One thousand five hundred and twenty-seven patients (≥60 years old) with BPH in 26 hospitals of 9 cities were selected in the study by using stratified random sampling method. The demands of patients with BPH and its influencing factors were evaluated by rank sum test and rank correlation analysis. Results In 1527 BPH patients, most patients thought that doctors' communication with them before opening examination items (1297/ 1527,84.9%),health guidance for BPH progress(1310/1527,85.8%), BPH diagnosis(1279/1527, 83.8 %) and BPH treatment(1329/1527,87. 0%) were necessary. Doctors'communication with them before opening examination items, health guidance for BPH progress, BPH diagnosis and BPH treatment showed significant statistical difference among patients with different age, medical care, the lasting time of clinical symptoms, diagnosis time, international prostate symptom scores and quality of life scores (all P<0. 05). While in patients with different nation, retirement status, marital status, living style and average family income, there were no significant statistical difference in needing the doctors'communication with them before opening examination items, health guidance for BPH progress, BPH diagnosis and BPH treatment(all P>0.05). Conclusions Patients with BPH have a higher demand for treatment. The demand degree is related with age group, health care, the lasting time of clinical symptoms, diagnosis time, international prostate symptom scores and quality of life scores. Most patients have desire to accept health guidance.

Objective To explore the clinical value of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) examination before esophageal achalasia (EA) patients treated by peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM).Methods From August 2011 to November 2011,esophageal EUS examination was conducted in 34 EA patients scheduled for POEM treatment (EA group) and 30 cases accepted gastric EUS examination (control group) at endoscopic center,Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University.The thickness of muscularis propria layer and the circular muscle layer was measured at cardia,5 cm,10 cm and 15 cm above cardia,and the proportion of circular muscle layer was calculated.The differences in groups and between groups were compared.The correlation between muscle thickness and complication after POEM treatment was analyzed.The data were analyzed by t test.Results There was no difference between EA group and control group in the thickness of the muscularis propria layer at same part (at cardia,5 cm,10 cm and 15 cm above cardia,t=1.210,1.116,0 and 0.292respectively; all P＞0.05 respectively).The thickness of the circular muscle layer of EA group at cardia,5 cm,10 cm and 15 cm above cardia was (1.72±0.49) mm,(1.86±0.81) mm,(1.56±0.47) mm and (1.41±0.48) mm respectively,those of control group was (1.06±0.50) mm,(1.40±0.33) mm,(1.05±0.37) mm and (0.78±0.12) mm respectively.At same part,the thickness of the circular muscle layer of EA group was significantly thicker than that of the control group (t =5.326,2.903,4.778 and 6.993 respectively,all P＜0.05).After POEM treatment,complication was high in EA cases with the thickness of muscularis propria layer less than 2 mm.Conclusion Before POEM treatment,EUS examination for EA patients has certain guiding significance.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and the feasibility of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for achalasia (AC). Methods The clinical data of 8 patients diagnosed as having AC and receiving POEM at our center from August 2010 to December 2010 were reviewed. The patients were 16-62 years old, mean 43yr, whose disease courses lasted for 2-20 years, mean 8.4 years. The key procedures of POEM were as the following, esophageal mucosal incision, submucosal tunneling by endoscopic submucosal dissection ( ESD), endoscopic myotomy of the circular muscle and closure of mucosal entry by hemostatic clips. Results All the 8 patients underwent POEM successfully. The mean operation time was 68.5 min ( ranging 45-115 min). The mean submucosal tunneling length was 9.5 cm ( ranging 8-13 cm). The average length of endoscopic myotomy of inner circular muscle was 8.5cm ( ranging 7-11 cm). No severe complications related to POEM occurred. Patients were followed up for 1-4 months ( mean 2. 5 months). Dysphagia was relieved significantly during the follow-up in 7 patients. But dysphagia and vomiting re-occurred in one patient 15 days after the operation. Endoscopy revealed a submucosal fistula, which was managed by incision. Conclusion As a new minimally invasive therapy for AC, POEM is very effective to relieve dysphagia in a short term. However, further observation is needed to evaluate long-term efficacy and complications.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the impact of additional gastrectomy after endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) on the prognosis of early gastric cancer.

METHODSClinical data of 107 early gastric cancer patients undergoing additional gastrectomy after ESD (research group, n=44) or radical surgery (control group, n=63) from January 2008 to December 2014 in Zhongshan Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The reasons for additional gastrectomy after ESD included positive resection margin (n=10), lymphovascular invasion (n=5), well-differentiated mucosal tumor with a diameter >3 cm (n=10), poor-differentiated mucosal tumor with a diameter >2 cm (n=4), submucosal tumor(sm1) with a diameter >3 cm (n=10), and submucosal tumor(sm2) (n=9). Operation time, length of stay, lymph node metastasis, tumor recurrence and disease-free survival rate were compared between two groups.

RESULTSBaseline data of two groups were not significantly different (all P>0.05). After evaluation, absolute and relative indications were identified in 19 cases (43.2%) and 25 cases (56.8%) of research group, and in 28 cases (44.4%) and 35 cases(55.6%) of control group without significant difference (P=0.897). Lymph node metastasis occurred in 6 patients (4.5%) after surgery in research group and 6.3% in control group (P=0.690). Operation time was (218.5±74.3) minutes in research group and (219.8±81.8) minutes in control group (P=0.932). Length of stay was (10.0±12.3) days in research group and (10.8±9.9) days in control group (P=0.687). Follow-up time was (35.5±15.0) months in research group and (29.5±18.1) months in control group (P=0.072). Tumor recurrence rate was 4.5% in research group and 9.5% in control group (χ(2)=0.928, P=0.229). Mortality was 4.5% in research group and 7.9% in control group (χ(2)=0.487, P=0.485). Besides, no significant differences of operation mode (P=0.164), lymphatic clearance mode (P=0.330), number of harvested lymph node (P=0.467), morbidity of postoperative infection or fever (P=0.923) were found. Three-year tumor-free survival rate was 95.5% and 89.2% in research and control group respectively without significant differences (P=0.571).

CONCLUSIONAdditional gastrectomy after endoscopic submucosal dissection has no negative influence on the prognosis of patients with early gastric cancer, whose efficacy is similar to simple radical gastrectomy.

Aged ; Disease-Free Survival ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Endoscopic Mucosal Resection ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; methods ; Gastric Mucosa ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Lymphatic Vessels ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Operative Time ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; surgery ; Survival Rate

Objective: To improve clinical management of maternal and neonatal listeriosis through analyzing the clinical characteristics and antibiotic treatment. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 26 cases of listeriosis, including their demographic and clinical features, was conducted, involving 16 pregnant women from Civil Aviation General Hospital, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, the Fourth Hospital of Tianshui City from October, 2011 to May, 2018, and 10 newborns from the Fourth Hospital of Tianshui City, Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital from February, 2016 to April 2018. Descriptive methods were used for data analysis. Results: (1) Among the 16 gravidas, one, five and 10 developed the infection in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy, respectively, and eight had pregnancy complications. Furthermore, all of them developed fever [(38.9±0.5) ℃]. Symptoms such as cough, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, dizziness, headache and other flu-like symptoms were observed in six cases. Gastrointestinal symptoms and flu-like symptoms were presented in four. Fetal distress, tachycardia and decreased fetal movement occurred in 11 cases. Elevated C-reactive protein and white blood cell count were detected in 16 and 14, respectively. Eight underwent placental pathological examination which shown various degrees of pathological changes, including neutrophil infiltration, acute chorioamnionitis and inflammatory necrosis. The main empirical antibiotic treatment for the 16 patients was cephalosporins and only four covered Listeria monocytogenes. Only two delivered at term, while the others (14/16) ended in miscarriage, premature delivery or stillbirth. (2) Among the 10 newborns with listeriosis, there were eight early-onset infections and two late-onset infections. All of them were febrile [(38.6±0.6)℃]. Six had cyanosis, groaning, foaming and three concave sign; five showed shortness of breath; meningitis and skin rash were found in one, respectively. All had elevated white blood cell and C-reactive protein. Six received antibiotics covering Listeria monocytogenes during the initial empirical treatment. Four were treated with cephalosporins alone, one of which died after the treatment was withdrawn. One was cured by initial treatment with meropenem alone, while eight recovered after adjustment of treatment with ampicillin, penicillin, meropenem, vancomycin alone, or meropenem combined with ampicillin or vancomycin. (3) The isolates that were susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin and meropenem accounted for 96.1% (25/26) all together and 88.5% (23/26) were susceptible to compound sulfamethoxazole. Conclusions There is no specific clinical manifestations of maternal or neonatal listeriosis. Maternal listeriosis is often characterized by acute onset and high incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.