To facilitate noninvasive diagnosis of anemia, high-performance and portable near infrared (NIR) spectrometer for human blood constituents was designed and fabricated based on linear variable filter (LVF).Meanwhile, the performance of support vector regression (SVR) model for quantitative analysis of human hemoglobin (Hb) was investigated.Spectral data were collected noninvasively from 100 volunteers by self-designed LVF-NIR spectrometer, then divided into calibration set, validation set 1 and 2.To establish a robust SVR model, grid search method was applied to optimize the penalty parameter and kernel function parameter c=5.28, g=0.33.Then, Hb levels in the validation 1 and 2 sets were quantitatively analyzed.The results showed that the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) were 10.20 g/L and 10.85 g/L, respectively, and the relative RMSEP (R-RMSEP) were 6.85% and 7.48%, respectively.The results indicated that the SVR model had high prediction accuracy to Hb level and adaptability to different samples, and could satisfy the requirements of clinical measurement.Based on the SVR algorithm, the self-designed LVF-NIR spectrometer has a wide application prospect in the field of non-invasive anemia diagnosis.

Although bulk endocytosis has been found in a number of neuronal and endocrine cells, the molecular mechanism and physiological function of bulk endocytosis remain elusive. In pancreatic beta cells, we have observed bulk-like endocytosis evoked both by flash photolysis and trains of depolarization. Bulk-like endocytosis is a clathrin-independent process that is facilitated by enhanced extracellular Ca(2+) entry and suppressed by the inhibition of dynamin function. Moreover, defects in bulk-like endocytosis are accompanied by hyperinsulinemia in primary beta cells dissociated from diabetic KKAy mice, which suggests that bulk-like endocytosis plays an important role in maintaining the exo-endocytosis balance and beta cell secretory capability.
Animals ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Cytoplasmic Granules ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus ; metabolism ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dynamins ; metabolism ; Electric Capacitance ; Endocytosis ; physiology ; Insulin ; metabolism ; Insulin-Secreting Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Photolysis ; Primary Cell Culture

Gynandromorphic ticks are extremely rare, and often attract parasitologists' attention. During our examination of tick specimens, an engorged gynandromorph of Hyalomma asiaticum was noticed. This is the first record of gynandromorphic ticks from China. In this study, several important morphological structures of normal and gynandromorphic H. asiaticum were analyzed. Comparing to the normal H. asiaticum, the gynandromorphic specimen was a typical bipartite protogynander. Its right side showed normal female characteristics, whereas the left side had normal male traits. Different from other gynandromorphic ticks containing 1 anus, this tick reported here had 2 complete anuses, and the anus of the male part had a single adanal plate.
Animals ; Chimera/*anatomy & histology/genetics ; China ; Female ; Ixodidae/*anatomy & histology/genetics ; Male ; Sheep ; Sheep Diseases/*parasitology ; Tick Infestations/parasitology/*veterinary