BACKGROUND: After tooth extraction, residual ridge resorption is a complicate process, while stress is one of the main causes. Recent studies have demonstrated that osteopontin (OPN) is a kind of agent that is sensitive to mechanical stress.OBJECTIVE: To study the role of OPN in mediating mechanical stress effect on bone, and to investigate the relationship of OPN and bone rebuilding, action mechanism of OPN and cell surface receptor and the relationship of OPN and osteoblast and osteoclast, in order to reveal the molecule mechanism of residual ridge resorption mainly caused by stress, and also to be a basic theory for clinical molecule therapy or gene therapy.RETRIEVE STRATEGY: PubMed was searched from January 1985 to June 2007 for English literatures with the searching words of "OPN, mechanical stress and bone resorption" and China Journal Full-text Database was also searched from January 1995 to June 2007 for Chinese literatures with the searching words of "OFN, mechanical stress and bone resorption". Fifty-two literatures were retrieved. The data were primarily selected. Inclusive criteria: being relative to role of OPN in mediating mechanical stress effect on bone. Exclusive criteria: repetitive studies.LITERATURE EVALUATION: Among the 52 literatures, including 6 Chinese and 46 English, 5 were rejected for objective independent from this study, 13 for repetitive contents, and so 34 literatures were involved for further analysis on the role of OPN in mediating mechanical stress effect on bone, 6 being review and the others being clinical or basic studies.DATA SYNTHESIS: ①After tooth extraction, residual ridge resorption is a complicate process. It also influences the effect of artificial denture, while stress is the main cause. ② OPN is widely distributed throughout the body, and has many physiologic functions. Recent studies have demonstrated that OPN is a kind of agent that is sensitive to mechanical stress. ③Bone is a special kind of biological tissue, bone resorption and bone rebuilding both can take place when it is lack of mechanical stress (atrophy of disuse),or endures mechanical stress. ④Bone rebuilding can be seen as the results of these molecule events. OPN, as a main protein, participates in the bone resorption and bone rebuilding. ⑤These OPN can be seen as a chemotatic factor to guide prosoma osteoclast to migrate to the surface of the bone, and mediate it to combine with the integrin on the surface of osteoclast so to promote the resorption of bone. So, OPN is a necessary factor in mechanical stress induced bone loss. ⑥OPN is a signal of transmission between osteoblast and osteoclast. ⑦OPN can be seen as a long acting feedback inhibition signal to inhibit bone mineralization.CONCLUSION: OPN is a kind of agent that is sensitive to mechanical stress. It plays an important role in mediating mechanical stress effect on bone.

With the development of management in NICU,nosocomial infection increases gradually.Nosocomial infection monitoring is very important for improving the survival rate of the newborn and crutial for updating the management of NICU.This article discussed the risk factors and prevention strategies of nosocomial infection in NICU.

This article summarizes the high risk factors and the progress of prevention in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.It is beneficial for early intervention and reducing the morbidity and mortality of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.

Objective To analyze the clinical,radiological and pathdogical characteristics of idiopathic lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (idiopathic LIP) and to discuss its diagnosis,treatment and prognosis.Methods Respiratory physicians,pathologists and radiologists together retrospectively analyzed the clinical,chest roentgenogram,computerized tomography,pathologicM,diagnostic and therapeutic data of 3 patients with idiopathic LIP confirmed by lung biopsy.and reviewed the relevant literatures.Results The major symptoms of the 3 cases of idiopathic LIP were prgressive dyspnea and dry cough.Higher levels of γ-globulins in serum were found in all the cases.The characteristic radiographic manifestations were bilateral diffuse nodules and cysts.The pathologic feature was diffuse interstitial inflammation with polyclonal lymphocytes infiltration,especially with plasma lymphocytes.Corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents were used and good response to therapy was observed in the cases.Conclusions Idiopathic LIP has some characteristics on the clinical,radiological and pathological features,but the best diagnostic method depends on a clinical-radiological-pathological approach.The disease usually shows good response to combinative therapy of corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents.

Objective To study the prevalence and the main risk factors of neonatal asphyxia in southern Gansu province high-altitude area.Method From October 2016 to December 2016,clinical data of neonates born in eight hospitals of the region were analyzed.A uniform questionnaire was used to survey the maternal condition and family background.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to determine the risk factors of neonatal asphyxia.Result A total of 183 newborns were born with asphyxia (mild 157 cases,severe 26 cases),and the incidence of neonatal asphyxia was 15.3％ (183/1 197).The multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that the risk factors included altitude less than 3 000 meters (OR =2.693,95％ CI 1.275 ～5.689),maternal fever (OR =2.986,95％ CI 1.163 ～7.666),prolonged labor (OR =2.925,95％ CI 1.112 ～ 7.691),fetal distress (OR =7.000,95％ CI 3.254 ～ 15.056),uterine inertia (OR =2.737,95％ CI 1.484 ～ 5.047),umbilical cord abnormality (OR =3.094,95％ CI 2.051 ～4.668),amniotic fluid abnormality (OR =2.033,95％ CI 1.230 ～3.361)and placental abnormality (OR =2.753,95％ CI 1.016 ～ 7.464).Annual household income more than 30 000 yuan (OR =0.452,95％ CI 0.297 ～0.687) was protective factor of neonatal asphyxia.Conclusion The incidence of neonatal asphyxia was high in the region,which was related to intrauterine and intrapartum factors.Antepartum monitoring and timely treatment should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of newborn asphyxia.

Epilepsy is a disorder of the brain charac-terized by abnormal neuron excitability.However,the underlying molecular mechanism of neuron excitability modulation remains elusive.With the help of bioinformatic methods,we have identified receptor-type tyrosine-pro-tein phosphatase-like N(PTPRN)as a critical gene dur-ing epileptogenesis.PTPRN recruits NEDD4L ubiquitin E3 ligase to NaV1.2 sodium channels,facilitating NEDD4L-mediated ubiquitination and endocytosis.Knockout of PTPRN endows hippocampal granule cells with augmented depolarization currents and higher intrinsic excitability,which is reflected by increased seizure susceptibility of transgenic mice.On the contrary,reduced neuron excit-ability and decreased seizure susceptibility are observed after PTPRN overexpression.Meanwhile,we find that a 133 aa fragment recaptures modulation effect of PTPRN full-length,and this fragment shows therapeutic potential towards epilepsy caused by NaV1.2 gain of function vari-ants.In brief,our results demonstrate PTPRN playsa criti-calroleinregulatingneuronexcitability,providing a poten-tial therapeutic approach for epilepsy.

The current document is based on a consensus reached by a panel of experts from the Chinese Society of Allergy and the Chinese Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology Group. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects approximately 8% of Chinese adults. The inflammatory and remodeling mechanisms of CRS in the Chinese population differ from those observed in the populations of European descent. Recently, precision medicine has been used to treat inflammation by targeting key biomarkers that are involved in the process. However, there are no CRS guidelines or a consensus available from China that can be shared with the international academia. The guidelines presented in this paper cover the epidemiology, economic burden, genetics and epigenetics, mechanisms, phenotypes and endotypes, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, management, and the current status of CRS in China. These guidelines—with a focus on China—will improve the abilities of clinical and medical staff during the treatment of CRS. Additionally, they will help international agencies in improving the verification of CRS endotypes, mapping of eosinophilic shifts, the identification of suitable biomarkers for endotyping, and predicting responses to therapies. In conclusion, these guidelines will help select therapies, such as pharmacotherapy, surgical approaches and innovative biotherapeutics, which are tailored to each of the individual CRS endotypes.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Biomarkers ; China ; Consensus ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Therapy ; Eosinophils ; Epidemiology ; Epigenomics ; Genetics ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Inflammation ; International Agencies ; Medical Staff ; Neck ; Phenotype ; Precision Medicine